Path_ggf_9g
... Mature B cells constitute 10% to 20% of the circulating peripheral lymphocyte population and are also present in peripheral lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. B cells recognize antigen via the B-cell antigen receptor complex. ...
... Mature B cells constitute 10% to 20% of the circulating peripheral lymphocyte population and are also present in peripheral lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. B cells recognize antigen via the B-cell antigen receptor complex. ...
3.051J/20.340J Lecture 8: Cell-Surface Interactions: Host
... Implantation of a biomaterial initiates the inflammatory response: - response of vascularized tissue to local injury - severity indicates biocompatibility of material Cooperative Signaling Cascades: 1. Coagulation Cascade 2. Complement Alternative Pathway ...
... Implantation of a biomaterial initiates the inflammatory response: - response of vascularized tissue to local injury - severity indicates biocompatibility of material Cooperative Signaling Cascades: 1. Coagulation Cascade 2. Complement Alternative Pathway ...
revision powerpoint
... 3. Secrete toxic substances into infected cells to kill the cell and pathogens ...
... 3. Secrete toxic substances into infected cells to kill the cell and pathogens ...
APC & Antigen presentation
... membranes (left), expressing high levels of FcR, receptor of complement, and MHC. Birbeck granule is the characteristic organelle. After capturing antigen in the tissues by phagocytosis or by endocytosis. DC migrate into the blood or lymph and circulate to lymphoid organs, become IDC（right）。 ...
... membranes (left), expressing high levels of FcR, receptor of complement, and MHC. Birbeck granule is the characteristic organelle. After capturing antigen in the tissues by phagocytosis or by endocytosis. DC migrate into the blood or lymph and circulate to lymphoid organs, become IDC（right）。 ...
cytotoxic t cells - eCurriculum
... Th1 cells can help B cells make antibody b. Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 promote EOSINOPHIL-mediated responses Th2 cells can help B cells make antibody, especially IgE ...
... Th1 cells can help B cells make antibody b. Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 promote EOSINOPHIL-mediated responses Th2 cells can help B cells make antibody, especially IgE ...
chulalongkorn university-naist joint symposium on biological sciences
... In common with other invertebrates, shrimp lack a true adaptive immune system and rely on effective innate immune responses to combat invading pathogens. So far, several immune effector molecules that participate in the innate immunity in shrimp have been identified and characterized. Pattern recogn ...
... In common with other invertebrates, shrimp lack a true adaptive immune system and rely on effective innate immune responses to combat invading pathogens. So far, several immune effector molecules that participate in the innate immunity in shrimp have been identified and characterized. Pattern recogn ...
Document
... response characterized by a rapid induction of proinflammatory cytokines and accompanied by headache, myalgias, (pain in multiple muscles) nausea, diarrhea, erythema, vasodilatation, and hypotension. Within 12 to 16 hours after infusion, they became critically ill, with pulmonary infiltrates and lun ...
... response characterized by a rapid induction of proinflammatory cytokines and accompanied by headache, myalgias, (pain in multiple muscles) nausea, diarrhea, erythema, vasodilatation, and hypotension. Within 12 to 16 hours after infusion, they became critically ill, with pulmonary infiltrates and lun ...
Scientific background Activation of the immune system
... Importantly, he also showed that the DC is a very dynamic cell, which upon differentiation from an immature to a mature DC, induced by immune cytokines, acquires an exceptional capacity to activate and direct T cells towards specific effector functions (6). This was a key discovery, as it concept ...
... Importantly, he also showed that the DC is a very dynamic cell, which upon differentiation from an immature to a mature DC, induced by immune cytokines, acquires an exceptional capacity to activate and direct T cells towards specific effector functions (6). This was a key discovery, as it concept ...
Immunology. Mucosal and Body Surface Defences Brochure
... 3.5 B cell receptor (BCR) diversity, 46 3.6 Genetic recombination of BCR genes, 46 3.7 Mechanism of VDJ recombination, 47 3.8 Introducing junctional diversity, 48 3.9 Somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation, 49 3.10 Immunoglobulin class switching, 50 3.11 Structure of Fc receptors, 51 3.12 Fc ...
... 3.5 B cell receptor (BCR) diversity, 46 3.6 Genetic recombination of BCR genes, 46 3.7 Mechanism of VDJ recombination, 47 3.8 Introducing junctional diversity, 48 3.9 Somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation, 49 3.10 Immunoglobulin class switching, 50 3.11 Structure of Fc receptors, 51 3.12 Fc ...
穨 bio
... (E) 31.A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules, from its mother ’s milk. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby’s digestive tract via (A)osmosis (B)passive transport (C)exocytosis (D)active transport (E)endocytosis (D) 32.Du ...
... (E) 31.A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules, from its mother ’s milk. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby’s digestive tract via (A)osmosis (B)passive transport (C)exocytosis (D)active transport (E)endocytosis (D) 32.Du ...
m5zn_6cef59fb9533e86
... Positive selection: recognize MHC survive Negative selection: react against to self-antigens on MHC killed 2% of initial T-cell precursors T-cells manage the immune response B-cells: are sorted in the marrow by an incompletely understood process ...
... Positive selection: recognize MHC survive Negative selection: react against to self-antigens on MHC killed 2% of initial T-cell precursors T-cells manage the immune response B-cells: are sorted in the marrow by an incompletely understood process ...
Hygiene hypothesis and allergic pathologies
... • Allergic diseases are caused by harmless antigens such as Pollen in allergic rhinittis (hayfever) via Th2 • Many bacteria and viruses elicit a Th1-mediated immune response, which down-regulates Th2 responses. • Insufficient stimulation of the Th1 arm, leads to an overactive Th2 arm, stimulating th ...
... • Allergic diseases are caused by harmless antigens such as Pollen in allergic rhinittis (hayfever) via Th2 • Many bacteria and viruses elicit a Th1-mediated immune response, which down-regulates Th2 responses. • Insufficient stimulation of the Th1 arm, leads to an overactive Th2 arm, stimulating th ...
Recognition by human gut γδ cells of stress inducible major
... diversity is indeed limited. In the extreme, almost all ãä+ IELs of murine skin, known as DETC (dendritic epidermal T cells), express an identical antigen receptor (Vã5, Vä1).1 And functionally, DETC respond to uninfected, heat shocked murine keratinocytes.4 Recently, we found that in mice in which ...
... diversity is indeed limited. In the extreme, almost all ãä+ IELs of murine skin, known as DETC (dendritic epidermal T cells), express an identical antigen receptor (Vã5, Vä1).1 And functionally, DETC respond to uninfected, heat shocked murine keratinocytes.4 Recently, we found that in mice in which ...
Slide 1
... Explanation of SEEK’s approach • A vaccine made using these binding and reactive conserved regions of the virus proteins would enter cells and be presented in large volumes to the T cells, via the HLAs on the cells’ surfaces • Certain of the conserved peptides that SEEK uses in its vaccine are plac ...
... Explanation of SEEK’s approach • A vaccine made using these binding and reactive conserved regions of the virus proteins would enter cells and be presented in large volumes to the T cells, via the HLAs on the cells’ surfaces • Certain of the conserved peptides that SEEK uses in its vaccine are plac ...
Case Studies for Studying the Immune System
... At Wildcat High School, there was an unusual outbreak of mumps – 4 cases. The school nurse is checking the immunization records of all students at the high school. What is a possible explanation for the outbreak? Hint: there is more than one possible explanation! Case 10 Mike heard his cat yowl outs ...
... At Wildcat High School, there was an unusual outbreak of mumps – 4 cases. The school nurse is checking the immunization records of all students at the high school. What is a possible explanation for the outbreak? Hint: there is more than one possible explanation! Case 10 Mike heard his cat yowl outs ...
ch 22 Immunity
... 2. Before T cells leave the thymus or B cells leave bone marrow, they acquire several distinctive surface proteins; some function as antigen receptors, molecules capable of recognizing specific antigens. C. Types of Adaptive immunity 1. Cell-mediated immunity refers to destruction of antigens by T c ...
... 2. Before T cells leave the thymus or B cells leave bone marrow, they acquire several distinctive surface proteins; some function as antigen receptors, molecules capable of recognizing specific antigens. C. Types of Adaptive immunity 1. Cell-mediated immunity refers to destruction of antigens by T c ...
Chapter14 T cell med..
... • Dual recognition: CDR1, CDR2 recognize MHC-αhelix, CDR3 recognizes Ag peptide. • MHC restriction ...
... • Dual recognition: CDR1, CDR2 recognize MHC-αhelix, CDR3 recognizes Ag peptide. • MHC restriction ...
Viruses and Immunity - Claremont Secondary School
... Secondary line of defense=phagocytic white blood cells (engulf foreign bodies (viruses, bacteria..) non-specific response Tertiary line of defense = lymphocytes – white blood cells that produce antibodies (active immunity)specific response 5. What are interferons? 6. A) What is an antigen? B) What i ...
... Secondary line of defense=phagocytic white blood cells (engulf foreign bodies (viruses, bacteria..) non-specific response Tertiary line of defense = lymphocytes – white blood cells that produce antibodies (active immunity)specific response 5. What are interferons? 6. A) What is an antigen? B) What i ...
Adaptive Immune Response
... Able to produce specific cytokines Plasma cells, T helper and cytotoxic T cells effector cells Memory lymphocytes Long-lived descendents of activated lymphocytes Memory cells responsible for speed and effectiveness of secondary response Remembers antigen on subsequent exposure ...
... Able to produce specific cytokines Plasma cells, T helper and cytotoxic T cells effector cells Memory lymphocytes Long-lived descendents of activated lymphocytes Memory cells responsible for speed and effectiveness of secondary response Remembers antigen on subsequent exposure ...
Poster
... Fifteen to forty percent of intensive care infants have Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (NAIT). This disorder may result in intracranial hemorrhaging, potentially causing death. NAIT is commonly associated with depletion of fetal platelets due to maternal antibodies against a specific glycoprot ...
... Fifteen to forty percent of intensive care infants have Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (NAIT). This disorder may result in intracranial hemorrhaging, potentially causing death. NAIT is commonly associated with depletion of fetal platelets due to maternal antibodies against a specific glycoprot ...
Immunology 2
... Reaction: second exposure to the antigen any time after sensitisation. This produces a secondary response induced by memory cells. ...
... Reaction: second exposure to the antigen any time after sensitisation. This produces a secondary response induced by memory cells. ...
Microsoft Word Version
... Antibodies and infection Antibodies help to defend us against infection. Bacteria, viruses and other germs have proteins on their surface, called antigens. The immune system recognizes antigens to be foreign. So, when we have certain infections, B lymphocytes make lots of antibodies which attach to ...
... Antibodies and infection Antibodies help to defend us against infection. Bacteria, viruses and other germs have proteins on their surface, called antigens. The immune system recognizes antigens to be foreign. So, when we have certain infections, B lymphocytes make lots of antibodies which attach to ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.