biochemie.lf2.cuni.cz
... ◦ Secondary granules – releasing cytotoxic and immune response mediators (defensins, cathepsins etc.) ...
... ◦ Secondary granules – releasing cytotoxic and immune response mediators (defensins, cathepsins etc.) ...
01 Reticuloendothelial S and Spleen lecture 1433
... 1. Define the term Reticuloendothelial system (RES) 2. Describe the cellular components of RES 3. Describe the functions of the RES 4. Define the structural function of the spleen 5. Describe the functions of the spleen 6. Understand the basic concept of the indication and risks of splenectomy ...
... 1. Define the term Reticuloendothelial system (RES) 2. Describe the cellular components of RES 3. Describe the functions of the RES 4. Define the structural function of the spleen 5. Describe the functions of the spleen 6. Understand the basic concept of the indication and risks of splenectomy ...
chapter 1
... relatively non-specific; it distinguishes little, for example, between the bacterial organisms Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, or between the viral agents causing polio and smallpox. A next level of defense is manifested by a variety of cells and serum molecules which may promote ingestion and kil ...
... relatively non-specific; it distinguishes little, for example, between the bacterial organisms Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, or between the viral agents causing polio and smallpox. A next level of defense is manifested by a variety of cells and serum molecules which may promote ingestion and kil ...
Immunology Overview
... Cathelicidin, a single protein, has chemotactic activity for neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, and T cells; degranulates mast cells; and, promotes wound healing. ...
... Cathelicidin, a single protein, has chemotactic activity for neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, and T cells; degranulates mast cells; and, promotes wound healing. ...
Defence against extracellular pathogens Innate defence molecules
... by inflammatory mediators to express adhesion molecules that facilitate the adhesion of leucocytes to the blood vessel walls and their migration across the walls. The initial interactions (called capture and rolling) are mediated by selectins (E-selectin and P-selectin expressed by the endothelium, ...
... by inflammatory mediators to express adhesion molecules that facilitate the adhesion of leucocytes to the blood vessel walls and their migration across the walls. The initial interactions (called capture and rolling) are mediated by selectins (E-selectin and P-selectin expressed by the endothelium, ...
File - Mrs. LeCompte
... ACQUIRED IMMUNITY: The 2nd Line of Defense The body must be able to distinguish “self” from “non-self” in order to defend itself against pathogens Lymphocytes provide the specificity and diversity of the immune system. lymphocytes = key cells of acquired (active) immunity ...
... ACQUIRED IMMUNITY: The 2nd Line of Defense The body must be able to distinguish “self” from “non-self” in order to defend itself against pathogens Lymphocytes provide the specificity and diversity of the immune system. lymphocytes = key cells of acquired (active) immunity ...
Antigen
... Evasion of Innate Immunity by Pathogens • Some pathogens avoid destruction by modifying their surface to prevent recognition (폐렴균: outer capsule 이용) or by resisting breakdown following phagocytosis (TB: 결핵균) • Tuberculosis (TB) is one such disease and kills more than a million people a year ...
... Evasion of Innate Immunity by Pathogens • Some pathogens avoid destruction by modifying their surface to prevent recognition (폐렴균: outer capsule 이용) or by resisting breakdown following phagocytosis (TB: 결핵균) • Tuberculosis (TB) is one such disease and kills more than a million people a year ...
Immunoglobulins
... IgD plasma cells are found in the nasal mucosa - however the function of IgD in host defence is unknown Ligation of IgD with antigen can activate, delete or anergise B cells ...
... IgD plasma cells are found in the nasal mucosa - however the function of IgD in host defence is unknown Ligation of IgD with antigen can activate, delete or anergise B cells ...
Autoimmune disease
... 2. Antibodies vs. CD28, CD40L (modulation of T cell – APC interaction) 3. Antibodies vs. cell adhesion molecules (VLA-4, ICAM-1) and chemokines 4. Intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin ...
... 2. Antibodies vs. CD28, CD40L (modulation of T cell – APC interaction) 3. Antibodies vs. cell adhesion molecules (VLA-4, ICAM-1) and chemokines 4. Intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin ...
Groups of adhesive molecules
... every day. If an equivalent number doesn’t die, will develop leukemia. B cells that do not encounter stimulating antigen will self-destruct and send signals to phagocytes to dispose of their remains. Many virus infected cells will undergo apoptosis, to help prevent spread of the infection. ...
... every day. If an equivalent number doesn’t die, will develop leukemia. B cells that do not encounter stimulating antigen will self-destruct and send signals to phagocytes to dispose of their remains. Many virus infected cells will undergo apoptosis, to help prevent spread of the infection. ...
A1982PM90500001
... attic to remind me of my scientific infancy. With high polymer compounds as gradient material, the problem was that density and viscosity could not be varied independently. It occurred to me that this difficulty could be overcome using a mixture of two compounds. This turned out to be the first brea ...
... attic to remind me of my scientific infancy. With high polymer compounds as gradient material, the problem was that density and viscosity could not be varied independently. It occurred to me that this difficulty could be overcome using a mixture of two compounds. This turned out to be the first brea ...
Viruses, HIV, and Aids
... which secrete antibodies that circulate the blood and lymph. The cell-mediated immune response activates and selects cytotoxic T cells, which search and destroy target cells. Helper T cells enhance humoral and cell-mediated responses. Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells are the main antigenpre ...
... which secrete antibodies that circulate the blood and lymph. The cell-mediated immune response activates and selects cytotoxic T cells, which search and destroy target cells. Helper T cells enhance humoral and cell-mediated responses. Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells are the main antigenpre ...
IMMUNE SYSTEM
... MHC proteins become marked by foreign protein Body MUST get rid of “marked MHC complex” before it causes harm Self MHC Antigens are antigenic to other persons Blood Transfusion ~ ABO blood type Tissue or Organ Transplants Could be recognized as foreign in “autoimmune disease” Immune System ~ Chapter ...
... MHC proteins become marked by foreign protein Body MUST get rid of “marked MHC complex” before it causes harm Self MHC Antigens are antigenic to other persons Blood Transfusion ~ ABO blood type Tissue or Organ Transplants Could be recognized as foreign in “autoimmune disease” Immune System ~ Chapter ...
1 - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue.edu!
... which there are no symptoms of the infection and virus levels are relatively low. This is because a. seroconversion has occurred to generate antibodies that bind to and eliminate virus from the plasma and reduce viral load b. effector cytotoxic T cells have been generated that kill virally infected ...
... which there are no symptoms of the infection and virus levels are relatively low. This is because a. seroconversion has occurred to generate antibodies that bind to and eliminate virus from the plasma and reduce viral load b. effector cytotoxic T cells have been generated that kill virally infected ...
Blood and Body Defenses I
... cells). This reaction can be used to type blood. You simply take two drops of 'unknown' blood and place a drop of anti-A antibody solution on one blood drop & a drop of anti-B antibody solution on the other blood drop. Then, look closely to see if any clumping occurs. If clumping occurs in the drop ...
... cells). This reaction can be used to type blood. You simply take two drops of 'unknown' blood and place a drop of anti-A antibody solution on one blood drop & a drop of anti-B antibody solution on the other blood drop. Then, look closely to see if any clumping occurs. If clumping occurs in the drop ...
Nervous system - local
... The peptide antigens bind to MHC (major histocompatability complex), which results in antigen presentation—the display of the antigen fragment on the cell. ...
... The peptide antigens bind to MHC (major histocompatability complex), which results in antigen presentation—the display of the antigen fragment on the cell. ...
IGG - Institute for Responsible Technology
... • Significantly higher IgG and IgE response in high exposure workers. Unexposed controls had no response. • Some workers had IgG antibodies prior to first spray from exposure in years prior • Specific IgE antibody levels in workers before first spray, increased after 1 month and remained elevated 4 ...
... • Significantly higher IgG and IgE response in high exposure workers. Unexposed controls had no response. • Some workers had IgG antibodies prior to first spray from exposure in years prior • Specific IgE antibody levels in workers before first spray, increased after 1 month and remained elevated 4 ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.