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Module 023806: Advanced topics in Immunology
Module 023806: Advanced topics in Immunology

... Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Type I diabetes). (an example of cellular damage). A relatively common autoimmune disease leading to the destruction of insulin-producing cells (beta cells) and consequently increased levels of blood sugar. First, cytotoxic T cells attack the beta cells leading to ...
Chapter 13 Hypersensitivity Reactions
Chapter 13 Hypersensitivity Reactions

... required for isotype switching to IgE Effector phase - when the person is re-exposed to the antigen it binds to the IgE bound to mast cells/basophils - mast cells degranulate releasing histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet activating factors, all of which increase inflammation - these ...
Form B
Form B

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Chapter 15) Lecture
Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Chapter 15) Lecture

PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class

...  Myasthenia gravis:  Progressive muscle weakness. Antibodies block acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular synapse.  Affects 25,000 Americans (mainly women).  Today most patients survive when treated with drugs or immunosuppressants. ...
lecture08_C
lecture08_C

... • How are antibodies made? – B cells • Lymphocytes that make antibodies • Have B cell receptors on surface • 100 million different types of B cells, each with different surface receptors • B cell receptors are so diverse they can recognize every organic molecule ...
Pathogens and the immune system
Pathogens and the immune system

... • Have B cell receptors on surface • 100 million different types of B cells, each with different surface receptors • B cell receptors are so diverse they can recognize every organic molecule ...
The contrasting role of B7-H3 Kimberly A. Hofmeyer* , Anjana Ray*
The contrasting role of B7-H3 Kimberly A. Hofmeyer* , Anjana Ray*

... knockout mice developed EAE earlier as well as more severe airway inflammation under conditions in which T helper cells differentiated toward Th1 rather than Th2 (11). These results are in direct contrast to the previously discussed observations in another B7-H3 knockout ...
1. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response
1. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response

... • activated CTLs express a protein called Fas-ligand when they encounter a cell presenting an MHC class I-peptide complex that binds their T cell receptor • Fas-ligand sets off a series of events that result in the destruction of the infected cell’s DNA and its proteins (i.e., cell death!) ...
Immune System Powerpoint
Immune System Powerpoint

... – High fevers can cause seizure, brain damage, and even death. ...
Elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of allergic and
Elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of allergic and

... deficient (Il1rn-/-) mice. In this project, we showed that Dectin-1 and Dectin-2, members of C-type lection family, are important for the induction of Th17 cells and play essential roles in the host defense against fungal infection. Furthermore, we showed that Dcir, another C-type lectin, is importa ...
31.4 Immunity and Technology KEY CONCEPT help keep a person healthy.
31.4 Immunity and Technology KEY CONCEPT help keep a person healthy.

... through conjugation. Resistance is quickly spread through many bacteria. ...
Chapter_02_notes_large - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue
Chapter_02_notes_large - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue

... 1. Point mutations introduced to V regions 2. 106 times higher mutation rate 3. Usually targets the CDR ...
Nucleoboost is a Single Cell Protein (SCP)
Nucleoboost is a Single Cell Protein (SCP)

... economically feasible given the technology required, so the use of waste products from other commercially viable processes has to be considered. This protein source is inexpensive, contains nucleotides that are essential for optimal lymphocyte function and is also immunogenic, resulting in nonspecif ...
IMMUNOTHERAPY
IMMUNOTHERAPY

File
File

... Are more virulent and can cause diseases in a normal person. • Opportunistic pathogens : Are typically members of normal flora and cause diseases when they are introduced into unprotected sites, usually occur in people with underlying conditions. ...
Immune System Lecture_Spring 2002
Immune System Lecture_Spring 2002

... Releases cytokines: Enhances Helper T Cell activation ...
Nonspecific vs. Specific Defense Mechanisms
Nonspecific vs. Specific Defense Mechanisms

macrophage - immunology.unideb.hu
macrophage - immunology.unideb.hu

... PHYSIOLOGICAL BORDERS Temperature ...
Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal Antibodies

... inhibiting growth, or interfering with a key function. B. mAbs was modified for delivery of a toxin, radioisotope, cytokine or other active conjugates. C. it is also possible to design bispecific antibodies that can bind with their Fab regions both to target ...
Humoral Immunity Antibodies.
Humoral Immunity Antibodies.

... • Antibody dependant cell mediated cytotoxicity: Antibodies attached to target cell cause destruction by non specific immune system cells. ...
Introduction to Immunology and Immunotoxicology
Introduction to Immunology and Immunotoxicology

... How do we evaluate for immunosuppression or immunostimulation after chemical exposure? ...
Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases (not HIV)
Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases (not HIV)

... Congenital malformation that results in defective development of the thymus and the parathyroid glands. Deficient T cell maturation. Absent parathyroids cause abnormal calcium homeostasis and muscle twitching (tetany). Abnormal development of the heart. Facial deformities. Peripheral T cells are abs ...
White Blood Cell
White Blood Cell

... and foreign substances (parts of a germ can trigger the immune system). There are billions of cells in the immune system. Another way to look at the immune system is that it gobbles up germs cells. ...
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens and Antibodies

< 1 ... 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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