• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
PEP_2011_13_Recombinant vaccine
PEP_2011_13_Recombinant vaccine

... cell), the virus is unable to replicate its genome but viral genes are still expressed, which can induce a strong immune response ‘Single-cycle viruses are defective in a viral protein required for assembly or spread. Although these viruses can replicate their genome through a single cycle, no produ ...
human immunodeficiency virus
human immunodeficiency virus

... B. HIV POSITIVE = HIV antibodies can be detected in and are present in the blood. C. Other symptoms of the syndrome may not appear for months or even years. ...
What are Stem Cells? - Diabetes New Zealand
What are Stem Cells? - Diabetes New Zealand

... To support research into treatment of SCI and achieve a “Cure” - Neurological repair and, or regeneration. ...
(SLE).
(SLE).

... PBMCs (MX1, the OAS family, and IFIT1) - both type I IFNs and type II IFN (IFN-γ) • fluctuation of IFN levels in individual patients - ELISA platforms for measuring IFN-α have not been useful - fluctuations in IFN-inducible gene expression in PBMC over time, in some cases, with close parallel to flu ...
Chapter Outline
Chapter Outline

... cytokines stimulating immune cells to remain active and perform their functions. b. Once a cytotoxic T cell is activated, it undergoes clonal expansion and destroys any cell that possesses antigen if the cell bears the correct MHC antigen presented earlier.As the infection disappears, the immune rea ...
ANTIGEN – ANTIBODY REACTIONS
ANTIGEN – ANTIBODY REACTIONS

... Immunoflourescence (IF) is a technique based on the antigen-antibody reaction for detection of particular molecule that uses antibodies labeled with fluorescent dye (fluorochrome). Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation (It is ...
Research To Practice
Research To Practice

... • BLP-25 is a liposome formulation of 25 amino acid sequence ...
Chapter 43 – The Immune System
Chapter 43 – The Immune System

... Once V-J rearrangement has occurred, the gene is transcribed and translated into a light chain with a variable and constant region. The light chains combine randomly with the heavy chains that are similarly produced. ...
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus

... Non motile organism-non sporulating. Biochemical reaction as in table1 Either capulated or not Cell composition Outer most layer capsule ...
NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE
NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE

... Two distinct types of molecule are involved in the recognition of foreign antigen which leads to the initiation of adaptive immune response -- the immunoglobulins (Ig) and the T-cell antigen receptors (TCR). Characteristic features of Ig and TCR are: (1) diversity and heterogeneity, (2) gene rearran ...
Lymphatic System - Downey Unified School District
Lymphatic System - Downey Unified School District

... ● increasing hydrostatic pressure within interstitial spaces forces some tissue fluid into lymphatic capillaries ● lymph formation prevents accumulation of excess tissue fluid (edema) ...
HCMV - ZMBH
HCMV - ZMBH

... Role of MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation in antiviral immune responses • Viruses that enter cells through phagocytosis or receptormediated endocytosis, or that are enveloped in the trans-Golgi network/early endosome, can undergo degradation into antigenic peptides through the action of en ...
Nanorobots As Cellular Assistants in Inflammatory Responses
Nanorobots As Cellular Assistants in Inflammatory Responses

... of using nanorobots to assist inflammatory cells leaving blood vessels to repair injured tissues. The recruitment of inflammatory cells or white blood cells (which include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and mast cells) to the affected area is the first response of tissues to injury [8]. Because ...
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1: Describe the general functions of the
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1: Describe the general functions of the

Bone Marrow Transplants
Bone Marrow Transplants

... These molecules enable infected cells to signal and initiate an immune response. In a matched donor, the molecules on the surface of the donor cells would be the same as those found on the surface of the recipient. ...
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) - a virus
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) - a virus

... the immune response, in response to an antigen which it then neutralizes, tags or destroys. antigen - any foreign substance (a protein, virus or large polysaccharide) that when introduced into the body, stimulates an immune response. arthropod - an invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented b ...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases

... chemotherapy for ablation of an aberrant or ‘‘self-reactive’’ immune system and regeneration of a new and hopefully selftolerant immune system from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Pre-clinical data to support this rationale was derived from animal models of autoimmune diseases. In some cases, the di ...
linking the innate and adaptive immune systems
linking the innate and adaptive immune systems

... receptors and the importance of such receptors in cell-cell interactions. DCs have differential expression of the C-type lectin receptors MGL and DC-SIGN; this may be dictated by the environment or site at which these DCs are located. This is an important aspect of sensing pathogens, as DC-SIGN reco ...
The Lymphatic System - North Seattle College
The Lymphatic System - North Seattle College

... For an immune response to occur, B and T cells must recognize that a foreign antigen is present ...
Genetics and Innate and Adaptive Immunity in IBD
Genetics and Innate and Adaptive Immunity in IBD

... has yet to be identified. The strong family history in many patients, especially those with Crohn’s disease suggests a genetic predisposition. It has been hypothesized that the abnormal inflammatory response is due in part to genetically determined alterations in the normal homeostatic processes in ...
File
File

Immune Epitope Database assays
Immune Epitope Database assays

Host Defense Mechanisms – Adaptive or Acquired Immunity
Host Defense Mechanisms – Adaptive or Acquired Immunity

... preparations, the resulting precipitate is visible to the naked eye, and is often useful in detecting the presence of antibodies within serum samples (e.g., Ouchterlony test). 2. Agglutination – During agglutination reactions, antibodies bind with cellular antigens and cause them to clump or aggluti ...
inverse relationship between net electric charge on the antigen and
inverse relationship between net electric charge on the antigen and

Jeopardy
Jeopardy

... This cell can help to spot and destroy cells that are dividing uncontrollable during the cell cycle which may lead to cancerous tumors. A: What is a natural killer cell? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
< 1 ... 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report