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Introduction - Philsci
Introduction - Philsci

... to the activation of immune cells, that is, to the triggering of effector mechanisms. It might therefore be tempting to say that a good definition of the self has been reached: the self would be conceived of as the set of molecular patterns which trigger weak immune reactions, but no response. Self- ...
Depicting the mechanism of action of an ATMP for
Depicting the mechanism of action of an ATMP for

... Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have proved to be able to modulate the immune system by the secretion of cytokines and other soluble factors which makes them strong candidates to be used in Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) for the treatment of GvHD and other immune diseases; ImmuneSa ...
Autoimmune Hepatitis/ Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Autoimmune Hepatitis/ Autoimmune Pancreatitis

... Drug toxicity ...
- ATS Journals
- ATS Journals

... lymphoid cells (7, 8). IL-17 and Th17 cells play critical roles in many T-cell–mediated autoimmune diseases and have recently been implicated in allergic inflammation associated with asthma, and are now a major drug target for many immune-mediated diseases (9). Antibodies that block IL-17 or cytokine ...
ELISA technique
ELISA technique

... Is manufactured in special disease status for example human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (HCG) which is normally produced by cells of the placenta in pregnancy is found in the body in some types of cancer ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... activate complement cascade, thus inducing an inflammatory response, bringing fresh pahagocytes and serum Abs into the site 6. Combine with Ags on the microbial surface, activate complement cascade, anchor the membrane attack complex (C5b to C9) ...
Viral Virulence - University of California, Los Angeles
Viral Virulence - University of California, Los Angeles

... gE/gI glycoprotein can act as Fc receptors; prevent effector functions of antiviral antibodies produced by the host ...
Table 12-1
Table 12-1

... extracellular fluid, and this complex serves to facilitate LPS binding to CD14, which exists as both a soluble plasma protein and a glycophosphatidylinositollinked membrane protein on most cells except endothelium. Once LPS binds to CD14, LBP dissociates, and the LPS-CD14 complex physically associat ...
The Hijacking of Host Endocytic Trafficking by the Bacterial Pathogen
The Hijacking of Host Endocytic Trafficking by the Bacterial Pathogen

... MOJ Immunology ...
Mucosal Immunisation (Lung and Middle Ear)
Mucosal Immunisation (Lung and Middle Ear)

...  Upper and lower respiratory epithelium  Ciliated  Mucocillary clearance: ~1010 particles per day  Alveolar Macrophages  Poor APC but excellent “cleaners” without initiating inflammation  Neutrophils  Excellent “cleaners” but cause significant collateral damage ...
Document
Document

... Engagement of PRRs leads to the activation of some of these cells and secretion of cytokines and chemokines, as well as maturation and migration of other cells. In tandem, this creates an inflammatory environment that leads to the establishment of the adaptive immune response. ...
Taking Immunotherapy to the Next Level
Taking Immunotherapy to the Next Level

Chapter 24 powerpoint file
Chapter 24 powerpoint file

... opportunity to enter back into the blood vessels. They also collect antigens carried by lymph so they can be engulfed by macrophages and presented to lymphocytes. ...
453.29 Kb PDF
453.29 Kb PDF

... Correlate: An immune response that is responsible for and statistically interrelated with protection Absolute Correlate: A specific level of response highly correlated with protection: a threshold Relative Correlate: Level of response variably correlated with protection Co-Correlate: One of two or m ...
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hypersensitivity Reactions

... o Initial increase in levels of IgE followed by prolonged decrease on continued therapy due to induction of tolerance or to switch from T H2 to TH1 cells. o Use of humanized anti IgE monoclonal Ab which does not cross link IgE bound to mast cells and basophils. o Use of cytokines "shift from TH2 to ...
IDF PRESEnTS - Immune Deficiency Foundation
IDF PRESEnTS - Immune Deficiency Foundation

Falkow
Falkow

... and a Commensal? • Pathogens possess the inherent ability to cross anatomic barriers or breach other host defenses that limit the survival or replication of other microbes and commensals. • Therefore, most pathogens often establish themselves in a niche usually devoid of other stable microbial popul ...
ppt - med.muni
ppt - med.muni

... Cell-mediated immune injury = delayed-type hypersensitivity Damage by complement and proinflammatory mediators ...
Leonie Hussaarts Department of Parasitology, Leiden
Leonie Hussaarts Department of Parasitology, Leiden

... increased IL-4 and decreased IFN-γ levels. We next investigated whether antigens from helminth parasites, the strongest natural inducers of Th2 responses, affect the mTOR pathway. To this end, we used Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) and omega-1, which is a single molecule recently iden ...
Intracellular modelling of viral infections
Intracellular modelling of viral infections

... After a cell has been infected for about 24h, processes take place which prevent it from being reinfected by a similar virus. This state persists – the cell is resistant to infection – for a few days. So we think that at the single cell level, each infection dies out, most quickly, some slowly; befo ...
age
age

... Reiter’s syndrome-Reactive arthritis -Mechanism Activation Disruption of “tolerance” of autoreactive CD8 T cells likely occurs through a combination of mechanisms: • Molecular mimicry - Older theory…T cell clones involved in attack on microorganisms expand and initiate attack on cells expressing ta ...


... growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), suggests that fibroblasts are actively involved in regulating reparative responses following acute or chronic inflammatory injury. However, as will be review ...
lectures
lectures

... Adaptive Immunity - Overview • Antigen is phagocytosed and processed by professional antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. • An epitope of the antigen is bound to an MHC class II molecule and presented to the helper T cell. • The helper T cell produces cytokines and sti ...
Cytokines
Cytokines

... The name “colony-stimulating factors” comes from the method by which they were discovered. Hemopoietic stem cells were cultured in semi solid matrix which prevents cells from moving around, around so that if a single cell starts proliferating, all of the cells derived from it will remain clustered a ...
BCBio12_Chapter10_immunity
BCBio12_Chapter10_immunity

... Defence by B cells (antibody-mediated immunity) • B cells are activated in a lymph node or the spleen, when their receptors bind to specific antigens • Cytokines secreted by T cells stimulate B cells to divide o Most cells become plasma cells, which secrete antibodies − Antibodies are the secreted f ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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