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Roles for mesenchymal stem cells as medicinal signaling cells
Roles for mesenchymal stem cells as medicinal signaling cells

... suggested that toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) priming induces the shift of MSCs to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (type 2 MSCs), in which immunomodulatory and trophic activities are elicited after the secretion of specific mediators and the polarization of monocytes into M2 macrophages. In contrast, wh ...
Allergy and Hypersensitivity
Allergy and Hypersensitivity

... The tissue responses may be affected by genetic and diverse nongenetic factors They have two phases, sensitization and effector phases. Clinically they have acute, late and chronic phases. ...
Antibodies determine virulence of Dengue viruses
Antibodies determine virulence of Dengue viruses

... secondary DF vs secondary DHF 1.DHF (enhanced infection) has stronger influence on the gene expression profile than DF (partially protected secondary infection). 2. 17 genes in immune response category are more strongly upregulated in DF PBMCs than in DHF PBMCs. 40% of them are genes of the interfer ...
实验课件3
实验课件3

... 血浆凝固酶试验(The Coagulase Test)  Coagulase • 结合凝固酶 • 游离凝固酶 • 凝固酶 ...
8. tissues and organs h
8. tissues and organs h

... MALT  Lymphatic tissues that are more diffused are generally known as MALT (Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue). Similar microanatomy as the lymph nodes and spleen • Most of the pathogens get into human body through mucosa • A thin, huge surface, dinamic structure • Intense and active immune survei ...
Development of CD8+ T cells expressing two distinct receptors
Development of CD8+ T cells expressing two distinct receptors

... impaired maturation and activity of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells (CTLs) associated with significant reductions in interferon-gamma (IFN-c) and tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) production [3–5]. These impairments to CTL activity represent a major immune evasion mechanism associated with intracel ...
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Honours/Masters
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Honours/Masters

... molecular mechanisms of a mutation giving rise to different phenotypes. In collaboration with clinical partners we have shown that even though patients may present the same disease, they may arise from many different mutations that alter a patient’s outcome or how they may respond to a particular tr ...
A Possible Link Between Autoimmunity and Cancer
A Possible Link Between Autoimmunity and Cancer

... of Treg cells protects from disease, whereas a depletion of Treg cells accelerates it (Morgan et al., 2005). Furthermore, in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a reduced number of peripheral Treg cells is observed (Lawson et al., 2006), although the synovial fluid can often contain incre ...
File
File

Mucosal immune system: A brief review
Mucosal immune system: A brief review

The Role of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase in Immune Suppression
The Role of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase in Immune Suppression

Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive Immunity

... non-specific, also called natural or native immunity ...
the immune system and breast cancer
the immune system and breast cancer

... comprehensive immune evaluation panel.  This blood test can be ordered by your oncologist.  The comprehensive immune evaluation panel will determine how many T cells, B cells and natural killer cells you have in your bloodstream and will even separate the T cells into their individual categories: ...
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)

... Extracellular and intracellular pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), recognise components of the virion, which triggers the innate immune response to the virus. This leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as type 1 interferons (IFN), tumour necrosis fa ...
Blood and Immunity - Calgary Christian School
Blood and Immunity - Calgary Christian School

...  If the mother is Rh- and the father is Rh+, the child may inherit the dominant Rh+ allele (gene) from the father  If the babies Rh+ blood gets into the mother during delivery, the mother will develop antibodies to the Rh Factor  If a second Rh+ child is conceived later, the mother's antibodies c ...
lymphocyte homing migration recirculation
lymphocyte homing migration recirculation

... 1. The central lymphoid organs are not connected to lymphatics – Isolated from the environment 2. The spleen has no lymph circulation – immune response to blood borne antigens 3. HEV – high endothelial venules – special entry sites of blood circulating lymphocytes to peripheral lymphoid organs 4. 1 ...
“Lymphocytes”. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
“Lymphocytes”. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)

01-01-12 ALLERGY: • DAVOS DECLARATION: ALLERGY AS A
01-01-12 ALLERGY: • DAVOS DECLARATION: ALLERGY AS A

... A high proportion of nonallergen-specific Treg cells producing IL-10 and TGF-b have been described under SCIT. IL-10 inhibits MHC class II expression on DCs and tyrosine phosphorylation of CD28 in T cells. IL-10 downregulates Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in vitro and induces anergy of these cells. TGF-b ...
How antifungal drugs kill fungi and cure disease
How antifungal drugs kill fungi and cure disease

... The immune system recognizes fungi based on conserved fungal molecules which can induce protective (anti-fungal) responses Candida may mask these molecules to prevent a full-blown immune response Masking may be a drug-targetable mechanism useful in combatting fungal infection ...
Judging a virus by its cover - Journal of Clinical Investigation
Judging a virus by its cover - Journal of Clinical Investigation

... of high affinity to virion surface proteins in order to compete with virion binding to host receptors (14). Most antibodies reach high affinity as a result of affinity maturation, a CD4+ T cell–dependent process that involves somatic hypermutation and subsequent selection by antigen-loaded follicula ...
mediated glomerulonephritis
mediated glomerulonephritis

... Introduction: Systemic and local immune responses of leukocytes are important for host defense, but uncontrolled inflammation can lead to various organopathy. In addition, once cross reaction has formed between the external antigen and the autoantigen, various autoimmune diseases and allergic disease ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... importance is the consistent finding of a reduction in URTI risk reported by fitness enthusiasts and athletes who engage in regular exercise training while avoiding overreaching/overtraining. Although it naturally follows that infection risk should in some way be linked to acute and chronic exercise ...
Antibody responses to rhesus cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B in
Antibody responses to rhesus cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B in

Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview

... No one has developed a vaccine that offers protection for any length of time. ...
T Cells After Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus + Evolution of Epitope
T Cells After Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus + Evolution of Epitope

... he CD4⫹ T cell response is thought to be of critical importance in determining the fate of many infections, including the noncytopathic viruses such as hepatitis C virus (HCV)2 (reviewed in Refs. 1 and 2). After clearance of a pathogen, the characterization of the memory CD4⫹ T cell response has rel ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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