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... congenital absence of the thyroid isthmus. Thyroid gland is well known for its congenital anomalies. 1 Phylogenetically, in some species in which the thyroid follicles are organized in a gland, this gland can acquire a bilobate shape, in which the lobes join together in front of upper part of trache ...
A Compendium of Rotator Cuff Imaging
A Compendium of Rotator Cuff Imaging

... – She has experienced right shoulder pain intermittently for a number of years, worsening with overhead activity and improving with rest and NSAIDs – In recent months, the right shoulder pain has worsened and become more frequent, sometimes awakening her at night. ...
lower extremity structure list
lower extremity structure list

... nerves organize into plexuses to form the major peripheral nerves, which innervate the appendages of the body. A plexus is a protective mechanism whereby damage to or compromise of a particular spinal nerve will not completely halt the functioning of a particular muscle or group of muscles. Instead, ...
Pelvic Anatomy Objectives
Pelvic Anatomy Objectives

... Goal: To understand the general anatomical design of the human pelvis through careful examination of the following objectives: The student will: 1. Understand the overall composition, morphology, & function of the human pelvis. (Each section will be described in more detail throughout the objectives ...
ANATOMY OF THE PALATE
ANATOMY OF THE PALATE

... ...
Case Report Variant Superficial Branch of Radial Artery along with
Case Report Variant Superficial Branch of Radial Artery along with

... dorsal interosseous and terminated by dividing into princeps pollicis and radialis indicis arteries at the first web space [Figure 1]. This variant superficial branch and its terminal branches were just covered only by skin and superficial fascia and were thus very vulnerable. The extensor digitorum ...
study of arcuate foramen of atlas vertebrae
study of arcuate foramen of atlas vertebrae

... importance because of its close relation to vertebral artery. Bony spur can arise from the posterior margin for the groove of vertebral artery and form bridges known as ponticles. The bridges can be posterior, lateral or posterolateral. If the bridge is complete it is known as arcuate foramen. These ...
Anatomy of the nerves and ganglia of the aortic plexus in males
Anatomy of the nerves and ganglia of the aortic plexus in males

... A superficial midline incision was made from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis, arcing left of the umbilicus. An incision was made through the linea alba and the anterior wall of the peritoneal sac, exposing the peritoneal cavity. A horizontal incision at the level of the umbilicus was made ...
Imaging Anatomy of the Basal Perforating Arteries
Imaging Anatomy of the Basal Perforating Arteries

... • A. Coronal microangiogram through crural PCA (↑) shows that the TPA ascends along the third ventricular wall, then diverge superolaterally into thalamus. • B. On microangiogram through ambient PCA, the TGAs are seen to enter brain in between medial and lateral geniculate bodies and forms a large c ...
Variable Origin of the Superior Laryngeal Artery and Its - al
Variable Origin of the Superior Laryngeal Artery and Its - al

... The human larynx is an anatomically complex organ with a multiplicity of sophisticated and critical functions. The bulk of the blood to the human larynx is delivered via the SLA; the first major branch of the STA [1]. Usually the SLA arises from the STA. In the present study, it was found that in 75 ...
ANATOMY
ANATOMY

... Superficial Fascia The superficial fascia lies beneath the skin and is composed of loose connective tissue, fat, the platysma muscle, and small unnamed nerves and blood vessels (Fig. 2.8). The surgeon should remember that the cutaneous nerves of the neck and the anterior and external jugular veins a ...
12Variations 20010273 - Saudi Medical Journal
12Variations 20010273 - Saudi Medical Journal

... system.8,40 However, the variations of the Ax artery encountered in the present cases, co-existing with muscular anomalies of flexor digitorum superficialis (common subscapular-circumflex humeral trunk) and abductor pollicis longus and brevis (common subscapular-circumflex humeral trunk and common t ...
Describe the development of the thyroid gland
Describe the development of the thyroid gland

... Dense connective tissue connects the capsule of the thyroid gland to the cricoid cartilage and the superior tracheal rings. ...
14 - Intercostal Space
14 - Intercostal Space

... ribs, costal cartilages and intercostal spaces  Thoracic outlet syndrome: Compression of nerves /vessels at the superior aperture of thorax  Cervical rib  Referred pain: Disease in the thorax may reveal pain in the anterior abdominal wall… Why? ...
Agenesis of Isthmus of Thyroid Gland – A Cadaveric Study
Agenesis of Isthmus of Thyroid Gland – A Cadaveric Study

... gland have been reported (Dixit D et al., 2009). In this study, an absence of the Isthmus of thyroid gland is observed. The incidences of agenesis of Isthmus, along with the developmental and clinical significance are discussed. The thyroid gland, brownish red and highly vascular, placed anteriorly ...
Additional head of biceps brachii in elderly female
Additional head of biceps brachii in elderly female

... female Indian cadaver and also compare it with the previous Biceps brachii is a superficial flexor muscle located in the studies. anterior compartment of the upper arm. It is an important Case Report flexor of the elbow joint as well as a powerful supinator of the Variations were encountered in the ...
Lateral Stabilizing Structures of the Knee: Functional Anatomy and
Lateral Stabilizing Structures of the Knee: Functional Anatomy and

... with cruciate ligament tears or damage to the stabilizing structures of the medial side of the knee (4–8). Although lateral compartment lesions are less common than those on the medial side of the joint, they may be more disabling. The wide range and complexity of these injuries cause difficulties i ...
Morphological Features of the Popliteus Tendon, Popliteofibular and
Morphological Features of the Popliteus Tendon, Popliteofibular and

... continued as partially intrasynovial at the level of the articular line (Figs. 5a and b). Bifurcated PT was not encountered in any case. While, in only one case, PT seemed bent on its own, as the separated superficial and deep parts of the PT continued with each other at the anterior edge. All but o ...
1 Part Ten: Thyroid / Parathyroid Chapter 133: Anatomy Daniel O
1 Part Ten: Thyroid / Parathyroid Chapter 133: Anatomy Daniel O

... bud. As development progresses a bilobed organ connected by a midline isthmus is eventually formed. Ultimately the original connection with the floor of the mouth is lost except for a small pit, the foramen caecum, which can usually be seen on the adult tongue lying between the anterior two thirds a ...
Surgical Technique
Surgical Technique

... both posterior and anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle (Fig. 4-15). In the upper half of the neck the dissection is performed anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, whereas in the lower half of the neck the supraclavicular fossa is approached posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. ...
Anatomy of Tendons
Anatomy of Tendons

... biceps brachii and the popliteus. The synovial membrane of the joint surrounds the tendons inside the joint and extends for a variable distance beyond the joint itself [15]. The knowledge of the extent of the synovial covering is important when deciding to inject around a joint. The synovial sheath, ...
Unilateral Variations of Vessels and Nerves in the Neck
Unilateral Variations of Vessels and Nerves in the Neck

... The cervical ansa and the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle passed through the parts of the vein. We think that these type of variation can entail important difficulties during radiologic and surgical procedures of the neck region. To know these anatomical variations, is important for the anatom ...
PDF file - Via Medica Journals
PDF file - Via Medica Journals

... compressed, pointing to possible pressure symptoms during life which could have been potentiated during exertion. The clinical incidence of IJV divisions (duplications or fenestrations) is estimated to be as much as 0.4% of the population; these cases are mostly unilateral in nature 6. No data reg ...
Anatomy of the periorbital region
Anatomy of the periorbital region

... glabella, with accidental intravascular injection in one of the distal branches of the ophthalmic artery, can lead to a rare, but very serious complication, with embolization of the central artery of Surg Cosmet Dermatol 2013;5(3):245­56. ...
Practice Mink Practical
Practice Mink Practical

... What is its function? How many heads does this muscle group have? In humans, what is the opposing muscle? ...
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Anatomy



Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal’s body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology and also in the study of cells.The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.
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