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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

... B Translation. In this movement the mandible is advanced (protruded) and retracted (retruded). The axes for this movement are parallel to the median axes through the center of the mandibular heads. C Grinding movements in the left TMJ. In describing these lateral movements, a distinction is made bet ...
Isolated Abducens Nerve Paresis Associated With Incomplete
Isolated Abducens Nerve Paresis Associated With Incomplete

... finding that the connecting fibers must process some of the functions absent in Horner's syndrome.10,11) Abducens nerve paresis and Horner's syndrome can be caused by intracavernous aneurysm and petrous apex tumors, but the sweating function, which is another component of Horner's syndrome, was not ...
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vaginal Apical Prolapse
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vaginal Apical Prolapse

... used with increasing frequency. The POPQ staging system provides a quantitative description of pelvic architecture using the hymen as a fixed point of reference and evaluating 9 different aspects of pelvic anatomy (Figure 4). The POPQ system has been shown to have good intraobserver as well as inter ...
retro-aortic left renal vein with double left renal
retro-aortic left renal vein with double left renal

... the left renal arteries were smaller compared to the right midline by passing posterior to the abdominal aorta (RALRV) to enter IVC. On the right side, the renal artery & vein were normal. ...
ANTHONY B. OLINGER, PhD - Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott
ANTHONY B. OLINGER, PhD - Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott

... Positions, planes, and directions: ■■ Anatomical position: standing erect with head and eyes directed forward (anteriorly), upper extremities at the side with palmar surface of hands directed forward (anteriorly) and lower extremities together with toes directed forward (anteriorly) ■■ Planes ●● Sag ...
Macroanatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion in Angora goats
Macroanatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion in Angora goats

... Anatomical studies have demonstrated that the sympathetic innervations of the head and neck are effected by the neurons that ramify from the cranial cervical ganglion (CCG). The CCG is the end of the sympathetic cervical trunk, which runs with the vagal nerve during its cervical course. The sympathe ...
Anatomical Variations of the Accessory Nerve and Resultant Clinical
Anatomical Variations of the Accessory Nerve and Resultant Clinical

... SAN to traverse through the vein.9 In a study involving 192 neck dissections, this anomaly was found in 4 (2.1%) dissections.9 This is referred to as the fenestration of the IJV, where the SAN passed medially to the anterior portion and laterally to the posterior portion.9 The nerve has been found ...
Crustaceans - dsapresents.o
Crustaceans - dsapresents.o

... l  Dorsal tergum and ventral sternum are plates on each somite lacking a carapace. l  Anterior end is a nonsegmented rostrum and the posterior end is the unsegmented telson. l  ...
The Relationships between Asterion, the Transverse
The Relationships between Asterion, the Transverse

... reported that asterion was likely to overlie a portion of the lateral transverse sinus and was found to lie at least 1.0 cm medially to the transverse-sigmoid junction. Thus, it is not a useful landmark to identify the transverse-sigmoid junction(8). Day et al(3) reported that asterion was located a ...
The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle
The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle

... Additional important bony landmarks include the ischial tuberosity of the posterior ischium and the linea aspera on the posterior femur.  Anterolaterally, Gerdy’s tubercle provides the insertion point for the iliotibial tract. ...
The medial and inferior calcaneal nerves: an
The medial and inferior calcaneal nerves: an

... nerves prompted us to conduct an anatomic study of the innervation of the heel. Fifteen cadaver feet were dissected to investigate the origin, course and branches of the medial calcaneal nerve (MCN) and the inferior calcaneal nerve (ICN). Despite a variable origin (tibial n. (TN) or lateral plantar ...
Knee Lab
Knee Lab

... A. Palpate for effusion in knee joint (milking down suprapatellar pouch , feeling for fluid wave) 1. Brush, Stroke, or Bulge Test (Wipe Test) - assesses minimal effusion, slight-to-moderate intracapsular swelling. Begin medial to patella below joint line & stroke upward around patella & over suprapa ...
Sole of Foot
Sole of Foot

... Foot has two surfaces: Planter – sole of foot Dorsal surface. The arrangement of the structures in the sole of foot are same as in the other parts of body in general and in palm specially. Skin (nerve supply): Medial calcaneal branch (tibial nerve) supply the weight bearing area posterior over calca ...
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Medial Side of the Knee and
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Medial Side of the Knee and

... infrapatellar branch.32 The sensory nerve that innervates the anterolateral aspect of the proximal part of the lower leg and anterior aspect of the knee has been consistently identified as the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve.33–35 This branch follows a course by means of piercing the sar ...
Last WordIn Bodybuilding
Last WordIn Bodybuilding

... up that easily. We hit the library. We pored over scientific journal after scientific journal. We stayed up till all hours of the night bouncing ideas off each other, bringing up theories, and then shooting them down. Of course, we hit the gym every so often, but then it was right back to the books. ...
Vertebral Column - Ms. Zhong`s Classes
Vertebral Column - Ms. Zhong`s Classes

... Cervical Vertebrae C2 • C2 is called the axis, and acts as a pivot point for rotation of the atlas and the skull. • It has a large process called the odontoid process, which sticks into the atlas. • The joint between C1 and C2 allows us to rotate the head from side to side ...
On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Tunicata.
On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Tunicata.

... the alimentary canal, which, in all the species that have come under my inspection, makes its first bend towards the dorsal region, assuming that to be the dorsal aspect where the endostyle is placed. The intestine then usually ascends and crosses over (in a more or less undulatory course, sometimes ...
Lecture Lower limb II 2010
Lecture Lower limb II 2010

... (elevate the lateral margin of the foot) 2. They weakly flex (plantarflex) the foot (because they pass posterior to the transverse axis of the ankle) ...
Computed Tomography of Temporal Bone Pneumatization:
Computed Tomography of Temporal Bone Pneumatization:

... through air cells in the squamomastoid. Here the septum is more readily distinguishable as it separates the air cells into two compartments: the superficial squamous and the deep mastoid (fig. 3B). The suture extends downward vertically through almost the entire mastoid, passing lateral to the masto ...
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 9

... branches to nearby muscles arising from the vertebral column. Then the upper four cervical ventral rami, continue laterally in the interval between two of these muscles - scalenus medius and longus capitis (see Fig. 9-20, p. 318). Upon emerging from under cover of the longus capitis, each one of the ...
A Compendium of Rotator Cuff Imaging
A Compendium of Rotator Cuff Imaging

... • Provides information about chronicity, which informs treatment decisions • Excellent soft tissue visualization, including the labrum and capsule • Disadvantages: expensive, typical contraindications to MRI and gadolinium contrast (if used), CT is superior for evaluating fractures Technical Details ...
Arteries of the Upper Limb
Arteries of the Upper Limb

... right side of the head and neck; right upper limb and right side of the chest wall ...
Accessory Tendon Variation in a Case of Hallux Rigidus
Accessory Tendon Variation in a Case of Hallux Rigidus

... first MTP joint (I). EHC is the currently accepted term for accessory tendons of the gre at toe. The EHC is thought to pull the MTP cap sule away from the MTP joint during dorsitlexion of the foot (I ). M . extensor hallucis longus is a muscle located in anterior compartment of the leg . It arises f ...
Transcripts/2_12 9
Transcripts/2_12 9

... c. The submandibular is mostly serous, but has some mucous cells in it d. The sublingual is almost completely mucous secreting gland III. [S5] Roof of Mouth- Hard and Soft Palates a. There are minor salivary glands or accessory salivary glands in the palate b. Several behind the molar teeth c. Also ...
02. Development of Face
02. Development of Face

... week, extends posteriorly and is completed by 12th week Bone develops in the anterior part to form the hard palate. The posterior part develops as muscular soft palate ...
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Anatomical terminology



Anatomical terminology is used by anatomists and zoologists, in scientific journals, textbooks, and by doctors and other health professionals. Anatomical terminology contains a variety of unique and possibly confusing terms to describe the anatomical location and action of different structures. By using this terminology, anatomists hope to be more precise and reduce errors and ambiguity. For example, is a scar ""above the wrist"" located on the forearm two or three inches away from the hand? Or is it at the base of the hand? Is it on the palm-side or back-side? By using precise anatomical terminology, ambiguity is eliminated.Anatomical terms derive from Ancient Greek and Latin words, and because these languages are no longer used in everyday conversation, the meaning of their words does not change. The current international standard is the Terminologia Anatomica.
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