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Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

... H is typically +1 when it’s with nonmetals and –1 when it’s with metals. Oxygen and metals take precedence. H2O O has to be –2, so each H is +1. NaH Na has to be +1 (alkali metal), so H is –1. ...
Task 1
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... engage in a more detailed examination of this phenomenon. Secondly, the lowest achievable energy is not zero, but , which is called the "ground state energy" or zero-point energy. In the __________ state, according to quantum mechanics, an ___________ performs null oscillations and its average kinet ...
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L4 towards QM

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Chapter1 - WilsonChemWiki
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Chapter 27
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... – Hydrogen is different! (so is boron) – Some atoms an “expand their octets” – Odd electron species exist! (NO, for example) – Transition metals and the octet rule. • Carbon forms four bonds…usually. • Isoelectronic Species (i.e. NO+, N2, CO, CN-) • Resonance (Section 10.5) ...
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... 13. List the number of valence electrons in each atom, and draw its dot structure: a. Ca b. Si c. O 14. Rewrite this paragraph, using words or phrases from the table at right to fill in the missing parts of this description of chemical bonding. Some may be used more than once. When forming a chemic ...
Chapter 2 power point File
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... together by early scientist who saw similarities between certain elements For example, lithium, sodium, and potassium reacted with oxygen in ratios of two metals for each oxygen The rows (from left to right) shows elements as they increase in the number of protons (atomic number) The columns shows a ...
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... 13. List the number of valence electrons in each atom, and draw its dot structure: a. Ca b. Si c. O 14. Rewrite this paragraph, using words or phrases from the table at right to fill in the missing parts of this description of chemical bonding. Some may be used more than once. When forming a chemic ...
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment
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The Yukawa Theory of Nuclear Forces in the Light of Present
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... The Yukawa theory of nuclear force!llllbas led to many successes and, owing to the present state of quantum theory, to some d'ifficulties. Among the successes one remembers first the existence Of the 7Z'-meson and the possibility of desc.ribing the spin dependency and the saturation of nuclear force ...
The (Integer) Quantum Hall Effect
The (Integer) Quantum Hall Effect

... single-particle energy eigenstates. Landau showed the remarkable result that, in many systems (this works especially well in metals), electrons behave essentially as free electrons even though there are many of them in the system – the main noticeable change is that the electron mass m must be chang ...
Chapter 35
Chapter 35

... The wave-particle dual nature of electrons is clearly shown in the experiment: Although the electrons are detected as particles at a localized spot at some instant of time, the probability of arrival at that spot is determined by the intensity of two interfering matter waves. Interpretation of matte ...
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Atomic theory



In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and entered the scientific mainstream in the early 19th century when discoveries in the field of chemistry showed that matter did indeed behave as if it were made up of atoms.The word atom comes from the Ancient Greek adjective atomos, meaning ""uncuttable"". 19th century chemists began using the term in connection with the growing number of irreducible chemical elements. While seemingly apropos, around the turn of the 20th century, through various experiments with electromagnetism and radioactivity, physicists discovered that the so-called ""uncuttable atom"" was actually a conglomerate of various subatomic particles (chiefly, electrons, protons and neutrons) which can exist separately from each other. In fact, in certain extreme environments, such as neutron stars, extreme temperature and pressure prevents atoms from existing at all. Since atoms were found to be divisible, physicists later invented the term ""elementary particles"" to describe the ""uncuttable"", though not indestructible, parts of an atom. The field of science which studies subatomic particles is particle physics, and it is in this field that physicists hope to discover the true fundamental nature of matter.
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