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Density, Pressure and Change of State
Density, Pressure and Change of State

... You cannot calculate pressure using mass, and will need to convert mass to weight (by multiplying by g = 10m/s2) if the weight is not provided ...
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Physics 535 lecture notes: - 7 Sep 25th, 2007 Reading: Griffiths
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TOPIC 12. THE ELEMENTS
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Chapter 7: Conservation of Mechanical Energy in Spring Problems
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Eight-Dimensional Quantum Hall Effect and ‘‘Octonions’’ Bogdan A. Bernevig, Jiangping Hu, Nicolaos Toumbas,
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... therefore the SO9 spinors 0; 0; 0; ISO9 . We can obtain these wave functions from the Hopf spinor  by observing it is an eigenstate of the total angular momentum Lab : Lab   12 ab . The wave functions can be expanded in the space of the symmetric products of the N fundamental spinor, n ...
the whole of chemistry
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Long-range forces and the Ewald sum
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... which the lattice images are summed. It is necessary to order the terms in a concentric fashion, so that terms with larger l  lx2  l y2  lz2 are added only after all terms with smaller values of |l| have been included. The charge density is a periodic function and, just like the square-wave examp ...
The metron model - Max-Planck
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... theory of fields and particles was developed. The present paper reports on recent numerical computations of some of the basic properties of this model. The metron model is based on the premise that, in contrast to standard quantum field theory, particles exist as real objects. It is hypothesized tha ...
Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas
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... •All gas molecules are perfectly elastic. They bounce off each other and the walls of the container without losing any KE. Molecules never come to a stop or settle at the bottom of a container. ...
Ideas to Implementation - The Bored of Studies Community
Ideas to Implementation - The Bored of Studies Community

...  The metal foil experiment: In 1892, Hertz directed cathode rays at a thin metal foil and observed that they passed through the foil. The smallest unit of matter known at the time was the atom, and this was too big to pass through the atoms of the metal. Hence, it was believed that they must be ele ...
TOF (and Global) PID
TOF (and Global) PID

... From track length and momentum (given by reconstruction), and after a mass hypothesis for the current track, it is possible to derive the corresponding (“a priori”) time-of-flight; A gaussian is generated  around the measured time-of-flight,  with a (fixed for each track) sigma equal to to the cur ...
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Atomic theory



In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and entered the scientific mainstream in the early 19th century when discoveries in the field of chemistry showed that matter did indeed behave as if it were made up of atoms.The word atom comes from the Ancient Greek adjective atomos, meaning ""uncuttable"". 19th century chemists began using the term in connection with the growing number of irreducible chemical elements. While seemingly apropos, around the turn of the 20th century, through various experiments with electromagnetism and radioactivity, physicists discovered that the so-called ""uncuttable atom"" was actually a conglomerate of various subatomic particles (chiefly, electrons, protons and neutrons) which can exist separately from each other. In fact, in certain extreme environments, such as neutron stars, extreme temperature and pressure prevents atoms from existing at all. Since atoms were found to be divisible, physicists later invented the term ""elementary particles"" to describe the ""uncuttable"", though not indestructible, parts of an atom. The field of science which studies subatomic particles is particle physics, and it is in this field that physicists hope to discover the true fundamental nature of matter.
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