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Julius Caesar: Statesman and Soldier
Julius Caesar: Statesman and Soldier

ROMAN CONQUEST OF SPAIN: THE ECONOMIC MOTIVE
ROMAN CONQUEST OF SPAIN: THE ECONOMIC MOTIVE

... two important archaeological sites in Spain during the last half century at El Carambolo (near modern Seville) and Villena (near modern Alicante). The El Carambolo hoard, discovered in 1958, consisting of 21 gold artifacts weighing nearly seven pounds. The hoard included gold bracelets, plaques, an ...
try again! - Grant County Schools
try again! - Grant County Schools

... Rome added much of Spain, Macedonia, and Greece to its’ territory as a result of… ...
Hannibal
Hannibal

... birthplace Carthage was about to lose a long and important war. The city had been the Mediterranean's most prosperous seaport and possessed wealthy provinces, but it had suffered severe losses from the Romans in the First Punic War (264-241). After Rome's victory, it stripped Carthage of its most im ...
Romanization of Spain. Conclusion I - e
Romanization of Spain. Conclusion I - e

... So we can see that commodity relations were steadily gaining momentum in Spain's agriculture. As is well known, commodity production needs a specific type of management capable to bring in maximum profits. Such was a middle slave-owninig estate, a villa —to use a conventional term— of 100 to 500 iug ...
MYSTERY OF THE FUNERARY RELIEFS OF
MYSTERY OF THE FUNERARY RELIEFS OF

... Palmyra1 lie on the caravan trade route between Babylonia and the far east, and Syria and the west. This trade had passed through Mesopotamia during Seleucid period. At the end of the Seleucid power the route had fallen out of use in the late second and early first centuries BC, so that the tribes o ...
歷史與文化課程
歷史與文化課程

... Schooling: Capable of different skills and knowledge. Occupation: At first working as a craftsman, later on, started selling goods he produced to other countries in large quantity; he has now become a merchant. Income: Due to his ability in choosing the right occupation, his income is higher than mo ...
Roman Macedonia (168 BC - AD 284)
Roman Macedonia (168 BC - AD 284)

... wealthy Macedonians, although this last action, ideologically inconsistent with the rest of his conduct, may more likely have been dictated by a desire for booty, as would in addition be suggested by the execution of a number of his own supporters. On the other hand, it is also a fact that the Maced ...
The Decline of the Republic
The Decline of the Republic

... The party of the consul Opimius planned to revoke the Gracchi laws, and both factions (i.e., Gracchus and Opimius political groups) gathered at the capitol. A servant of Opimius, who made an insulting gesture, was stabbed to death by a crowd with long iron writing implements. This gave Opimius the e ...
The Late Roman Gold and Silver Coins from the Hoxne Treasure
The Late Roman Gold and Silver Coins from the Hoxne Treasure

... The Treasure was lifted by archaeologists from the Suffolk Archaeological Unit and sent to the British Museum for detailed excavation, recording and cleaning. The careful recovery of the Hoxne Treasure allowed the circumstances of its burial in the early fifth century to be investigated in more deta ...
In 186 BC, the Roman Senate passed the senatus consultum (S
In 186 BC, the Roman Senate passed the senatus consultum (S

... analysis, the issue is not how the information got to Postumius, but what he thought about it and what he did about it. Therefore, the passage that concerns us the most is 39.14-19. We can approach the Postumius narrative with more certainty than the Hispala narrative. In classic Dionysian fashion, ...
Early ImpErIal romE 27 BC to 117 aD
Early ImpErIal romE 27 BC to 117 aD

... of veteran legionaries forming the special bodyguard of Roman generals dated back centuries. No special rules have been applied to Praetorian Guard in this supplement, as there is little evidence that it was any more effective in battle than the regular legions, and some evidence to indicate that it ...
Domitian (Part ii) - Biblical Studies.org.uk
Domitian (Part ii) - Biblical Studies.org.uk

... Gaius (Caligula) had a completely different approach to the whole notion of the imperial cult than either Augustus or Tiberius. Suetonins, who refen-ed to him as Caligula the monster (Gaius 22.1 ), records how Gaius established a shrine to himself as god and had a life-sized golden image of himself ...
Declining Marital and Birth Rates in the Roman Empire.
Declining Marital and Birth Rates in the Roman Empire.

Julius Caesar - Arizona NROTC
Julius Caesar - Arizona NROTC

... The period from Caesar Augustus (27 B.C.) to the battle of Adrianople (378 A.D.)  Longest period of peace Roman empire had experienced  The Empire ...
Sourcebook p. 253-264
Sourcebook p. 253-264

... 7. Augustus was originally given the surname Thurinus, because his dad had a great victory near Thurii. Mark Antony made fun of him for this. Later, Augustus took the name Gaius Caesar. Even later, some Senators suggested he be named Romulus, but one said that he should be called Augustus because it ...
Second Punic War Background Guide
Second Punic War Background Guide

... Welcome to the Southern Ontario Model United Nations Assembly’s Second Punic War Historical Crisis. The Second Punic War, also known as the Hannibalic War, was a conflict that occurred from 218 – 201 BCE in the Western Mediterranean. The war was fought between Carthage, a dominant commercial empire, ...
rathbone%20G%20Gracchus - Faculty Server Contact
rathbone%20G%20Gracchus - Faculty Server Contact

... Sempronii Gracchi had presided over the conversion of the island into a province in 238 and its pacification in I77. Secondly, Gaius secured grain for the soldiers from Micipsa, son and successor of Massinissa as king of Numidia, this time advertising his link with the Cornelii Scipiones Africanus ( ...
L. Verginius Rufus, 14
L. Verginius Rufus, 14

... He reached his eighty-fourth year in full tranquility having enjoyed strong health during his lifetime, with the exception of a trembling in his hands, which, however, gave him no pain. His last illness was severe and tedious, but even that circumstance added to his reputation. ...
The Chronology of the Roman Emperors - Q
The Chronology of the Roman Emperors - Q

... Theodosius died in the following year, AD 395, and, in accordance with his wishes, his eldest son Arcadius, then aged 17, became eastern emperor, with the western empire being placed in the hands of his other son, Honorius, who was just 10 years old. Six years after the accession of Honorius, the V ...
PDF - Hormones.gr
PDF - Hormones.gr

... at home while his army was still stationed in battlearray on the field. All at once he was smitten by a stroke of God over his whole body, with the result that he fell prone under the onslaught of terrible pains and agonies; he was wasted by hunger, and his flesh entirely consumed by an invisible , ...
Early Rome - WorldHistoryatYHS
Early Rome - WorldHistoryatYHS

... • Rome lay 16 miles from sea allowing it to trade and fish, but far enough away from Pirates. ...
PDF sample
PDF sample

... Emperors and rival emperors succeeded each other at a rapid pace. Every emperor was under near constant threat of assassination, even before he had been well and truly installed on the throne. There was, however, no shortage of pretenders to the throne. New candidates were constantly stepping forwar ...
Daughter of a King
Daughter of a King

... murdered her, only to be killed himself by an angry crowd of Alexandrians. Such violence often accompanied this arrangement. Even the friendliest co-rulers frequently spied on each other. But if the two disliked each other before gaining power, disaster almost always followed. Ptolemy XII was all to ...
Caesar Augustus ruled for 41 years, a period that saw
Caesar Augustus ruled for 41 years, a period that saw

... several months gaining support with the Roman people. He also raised an army. Soldiers throughout the empire were loyal—not to Rome—but to the name Caesar. By the end of 44BCE, both Marc Antony and Octavian commanded armies, but the two men avoided civil war by making a deal. ...
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Roman economy



The history of the Roman economy covers the period of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. Recent research has led to a positive reevaluation of the size and sophistication of the Roman economy.Moses Finley was the chief proponent of the primitivist view that the Roman economy was ""underdeveloped and underachieving,"" characterized by subsistence agriculture; urban centres that consumed more than they produced in terms of trade and industry; low-status artisans; slowly developing technology; and a ""lack of economic rationality."" Current views are more complex. Territorial conquests permitted a large-scale reorganization of land use that resulted in agricultural surplus and specialization, particularly in north Africa. Some cities were known for particular industries or commercial activities, and the scale of building in urban areas indicates a significant construction industry. Papyri preserve complex accounting methods that suggest elements of economic rationalism, and the Empire was highly monetized. Although the means of communication and transport were limited in antiquity, transportation in the 1st and 2nd centuries expanded greatly, and trade routes connected regional economies. The supply contracts for the army, which pervaded every part of the Empire, drew on local suppliers near the base (castrum), throughout the province, and across provincial borders. The Empire is perhaps best thought of as a network of regional economies, based on a form of ""political capitalism"" in which the state monitored and regulated commerce to assure its own revenues. Economic growth, though not comparable to modern economies, was greater than that of most other societies prior to industrialization.Socially, economic dynamism opened up one of the avenues of social mobility in the Roman Empire. Social advancement was thus not dependent solely on birth, patronage, good luck, or even extraordinary ability. Although aristocratic values permeated traditional elite society, a strong tendency toward plutocracy is indicated by the wealth requirements for census rank. Prestige could be obtained through investing one's wealth in ways that advertised it appropriately: grand country estates or townhouses, durable luxury items such as jewels and silverware, public entertainments, funerary monuments for family members or coworkers, and religious dedications such as altars. Guilds (collegia) and corporations (corpora) provided support for individuals to succeed through networking, sharing sound business practices, and a willingness to work.
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