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DO NOW - philoteacher
DO NOW - philoteacher

... A farmer is worried his cow is lost. When the mailman comes, he tells the farmer not to worry, because he’s seen that the cow nearby. The farmer takes a look for himself, sees the familiar black and white shape of his cow, and is satisfied that he knows the cow is there. Later on, the mailman stops ...
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How can I be sure I know something?

... Obama is brushing his teeth. Imagine you actually believe this, by force of sheer will. Suppose even further by the force of mere coincidence alone that Obama has just come back from a presidential lunch and just happens to be polishing his molars ready to rinse and ...
Bertrand Russell (1872
Bertrand Russell (1872

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Quiz1 - Ryerson University
Quiz1 - Ryerson University

... Either valid or has true premises. (b) Either sound or its premises offer good reason for believing the conclusion. (c) An argument that has been tested empirically. (d) An argument that is valid a priori. ...
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SoccioPP_ch01 - Philosophy 1510 All Sections

... In contrast to knowledge, belief refers to the subjective mental acceptance that a claim is true. But unlike knowledge, beliefs need not actually be true. There is also a difference between an informed belief and “mere belief” – which is when the only evidence for the belief is the act of believing ...
Belief, Truth, & Knowledge
Belief, Truth, & Knowledge

... In life, we believe in order to know. Believing is the activity; Knowledge the intended attainment ...
Belief, Truth, Knowledge notes
Belief, Truth, Knowledge notes

... • Ex: In basketball we shoot in order to score. Shooting is the activity; Scoring is the attainment intended • In life, we believe in order to know. Believing is the activity; Knowledge the intended attainment _________________ = Properly Justified True Belief • You cannot know something unless you ...
Notes here - Raymond Williams Foundation
Notes here - Raymond Williams Foundation

... 1. The person believes the statement to be true 2. The statement is in fact true 3. The person is justified in believing the statement to be true 3. Can we know anything? Descarte(1596 -1650) developed an argument …..suppose there is an evil genius, that is “supremely powerful and clever” and was be ...
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Gettier problem

The Gettier problem is a philosophical question about whether a piece of information that happens to be true but that someone believes for invalid reasons, such as a faulty premise, counts as knowledge. It is named after American philosopher Edmund Gettier, who wrote about the problem in a three-page paper published in 1963, called ""Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?"". The paper refers to the concept of knowledge as justified true belief (JTB), credited to Plato, though Plato argued against this very account of knowledge in the Theaetetus (210a). In the paper, Gettier proposed two scenarios where the three criteria (justification, truth, and belief) seemed to be met, but where the majority of readers would not have felt that the result was knowledge due to the element of luck involved.The term is sometimes used to cover any one of a category of thought experiments in contemporary epistemology that seem to repudiate a definition of knowledge as justified true belief.The responses to Gettier's paper have been numerous. While some rejected Gettier's examples, many sought to adjust the JTB account of knowledge to lessen the impact of both Gettier's own problems and other problems (collectively titled ""Gettier problems"") created in their mould. Since 1963, experiments have also been conducted to determine whether the instinctive reactions of those presented with a Gettier problem are uniform or display language or genetic biases.
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