Chapter 6: Microbial Nutrition and Growth
... Toxic Forms of Oxygen: 1. Singlet Oxygen: Extremely reactive form of oxygen, present in phagocytic cells. 2. Superoxide Free Radicals (O2-.): Extremely toxic and reactive form of oxygen. All organisms growing in atmospheric oxygen must produce an enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), to get rid of them ...
... Toxic Forms of Oxygen: 1. Singlet Oxygen: Extremely reactive form of oxygen, present in phagocytic cells. 2. Superoxide Free Radicals (O2-.): Extremely toxic and reactive form of oxygen. All organisms growing in atmospheric oxygen must produce an enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), to get rid of them ...
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... planet [1,2]. The traditional method for obtaining microorganisms that are useful for human life is to search for such microorganisms in the natural environment. Once the strain has been identified, it is cultured in the laboratory, and the original strain is often bred for higher performance throug ...
... planet [1,2]. The traditional method for obtaining microorganisms that are useful for human life is to search for such microorganisms in the natural environment. Once the strain has been identified, it is cultured in the laboratory, and the original strain is often bred for higher performance throug ...
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... 12.17 Genomics is the scientific study of whole genomes Genomics is the study of an organism’s complete set of genes and their interactions – Initial studies focused on prokaryotic genomes – Many eukaryotic genomes have since been investigated ...
... 12.17 Genomics is the scientific study of whole genomes Genomics is the study of an organism’s complete set of genes and their interactions – Initial studies focused on prokaryotic genomes – Many eukaryotic genomes have since been investigated ...
Ligation mediated PCR performed at low denaturation temperatures
... corresponding to the full transition from double- to singlestranded structure for a restriction DNA fragment may vary from ~0.5°C to several degrees depending on GC content distribution along the DNA fragment (1). From DNA sequencing projects it is known that bacterial genomes show substantial genom ...
... corresponding to the full transition from double- to singlestranded structure for a restriction DNA fragment may vary from ~0.5°C to several degrees depending on GC content distribution along the DNA fragment (1). From DNA sequencing projects it is known that bacterial genomes show substantial genom ...
Pseudogene function: regulation of gene expression
... another scientific paper demonstrating function for some form of junk DNA. As summarized in this article, there is also growing evidence that at least some pseudogenes are functional. It should be stressed that pseudogenes, unlike other so-called junk DNA, have long been burdened not only with the in ...
... another scientific paper demonstrating function for some form of junk DNA. As summarized in this article, there is also growing evidence that at least some pseudogenes are functional. It should be stressed that pseudogenes, unlike other so-called junk DNA, have long been burdened not only with the in ...
CAMPYLOBACTER
... The DNA of C. jejuni, with its low G+C content, was found to have no restriction sites for enzymes NotI and SfiI, which cut a high-G+C regions. With SalI, six restriction fragments with average values of 48.5, 80, 110, 220, 280, and 980 kilobases (kb) were obtained. With SmaI, nine restriction ...
... The DNA of C. jejuni, with its low G+C content, was found to have no restriction sites for enzymes NotI and SfiI, which cut a high-G+C regions. With SalI, six restriction fragments with average values of 48.5, 80, 110, 220, 280, and 980 kilobases (kb) were obtained. With SmaI, nine restriction ...
High-resolution mapping of the leaf rust disease resistance gene Lr1
... has been found at the Lrk locus in wheat (Feuillet and Keller 1999). Comparison of the gene composition at orthologous Lrk loci in wheat, barley and rice showed that the high density of genes is conserved at syntenic loci of large and small grass genomes (Feuillet and Keller 1999). Therefore, gene-r ...
... has been found at the Lrk locus in wheat (Feuillet and Keller 1999). Comparison of the gene composition at orthologous Lrk loci in wheat, barley and rice showed that the high density of genes is conserved at syntenic loci of large and small grass genomes (Feuillet and Keller 1999). Therefore, gene-r ...
ZFX has a Gene Structure Similar to ZFY, the Putative
... to this “dosage/X-inactivation” model, ZFY and the related gene on the X chromosome produce functionally interchangeable proteins; XY cells would have two active copies of the gene while, because of X-inactivation, XX cells would have one active copy of the gene. Embryos with two active copies of th ...
... to this “dosage/X-inactivation” model, ZFY and the related gene on the X chromosome produce functionally interchangeable proteins; XY cells would have two active copies of the gene while, because of X-inactivation, XX cells would have one active copy of the gene. Embryos with two active copies of th ...
The Microbial World
... Most of the living world is small. So small that humans usually ignore the vast majority of living things on the planet. Even biologists, whose job it is to document the biological systems in which we live, often overlooked the smallest but in many ways the most influential of life forms. When scien ...
... Most of the living world is small. So small that humans usually ignore the vast majority of living things on the planet. Even biologists, whose job it is to document the biological systems in which we live, often overlooked the smallest but in many ways the most influential of life forms. When scien ...
Developing a CRISPR/Cas9 System for Volvox Carteri
... targeted mutations. The Cas9/CRISPR system is simpler and more precise than previously developed genome editing systems. The high precision is due to the CRISPR associated (Cas) endonuclease’s ability to bind DNA via associated guide RNAs. Cas endonucleases can delete or add bases to the genome, whi ...
... targeted mutations. The Cas9/CRISPR system is simpler and more precise than previously developed genome editing systems. The high precision is due to the CRISPR associated (Cas) endonuclease’s ability to bind DNA via associated guide RNAs. Cas endonucleases can delete or add bases to the genome, whi ...
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... Figure 6. The top 20 enriched KEGG pathways among the differentially expressed genes. 2.6. Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Plant Hormones Plant hormones are a category of important regulatory factors affecting plant growth and development. Among the differentially expressed genes between a ...
... Figure 6. The top 20 enriched KEGG pathways among the differentially expressed genes. 2.6. Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Plant Hormones Plant hormones are a category of important regulatory factors affecting plant growth and development. Among the differentially expressed genes between a ...
The Chloroplast trnT–trnF Region in the Seed Plant
... Plant DNeasy minikits. Concentration and quality of extracted DNAs were checked by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis with a (kHindIII/EcoRI size marker. The chloroplast tRNALeu(UAA) intron and adjacent IGSs were amplified using primers designed by Taberlet et al. (1991) (Fig. 1 shows their placement). T ...
... Plant DNeasy minikits. Concentration and quality of extracted DNAs were checked by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis with a (kHindIII/EcoRI size marker. The chloroplast tRNALeu(UAA) intron and adjacent IGSs were amplified using primers designed by Taberlet et al. (1991) (Fig. 1 shows their placement). T ...
What is Sequence Alignment?
... • Need to distinguish between alignments that occur due to homology and those that occur by chance • Define a scoring function that accounts for mismatches and gaps Scoring Function (F): ...
... • Need to distinguish between alignments that occur due to homology and those that occur by chance • Define a scoring function that accounts for mismatches and gaps Scoring Function (F): ...
Abstract - BioPublisher
... development of BS-seq technology allows us to obtain the methylation levels of a single base resolution in Genome-wide. This enables us check the parent-of-origin specific manner methylation. In the field of imprinted genes found allele-specific methylation area. Summary Currently, the study of geno ...
... development of BS-seq technology allows us to obtain the methylation levels of a single base resolution in Genome-wide. This enables us check the parent-of-origin specific manner methylation. In the field of imprinted genes found allele-specific methylation area. Summary Currently, the study of geno ...
Evolution of colour vision in primates
... have been largely nocturnal species. For them, the ability to see in lowlight conditions was at a premium, rather than the ability to see in colour. The ancestors of modern mammals consequently lost colour vision at the time of the dinosaurs. Some primates, including humans of course, have re-evolve ...
... have been largely nocturnal species. For them, the ability to see in lowlight conditions was at a premium, rather than the ability to see in colour. The ancestors of modern mammals consequently lost colour vision at the time of the dinosaurs. Some primates, including humans of course, have re-evolve ...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
... whether these effects are influenced by various environmental factors, including the presence of other microorganisms [33]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient biocontrol strains under appropriate field conditions. One possible approach is to explore soil microbial diversity for antagoni ...
... whether these effects are influenced by various environmental factors, including the presence of other microorganisms [33]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient biocontrol strains under appropriate field conditions. One possible approach is to explore soil microbial diversity for antagoni ...
Why have organelles retained genomes?
... The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria have retained relics of eubacterial genomes and a proteinsynthesizing machinery has long puzzled biologists. If most genes have been transferred from organelles to the nucleus during evolution, why not all? What selective pressure maintains genomes ...
... The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria have retained relics of eubacterial genomes and a proteinsynthesizing machinery has long puzzled biologists. If most genes have been transferred from organelles to the nucleus during evolution, why not all? What selective pressure maintains genomes ...
Human Heredity - Lyndhurst School
... produce red hair. An individual with red hair usually has two of these recessive alleles, inheriting a copy from each parent. Dominant alleles for the MC1R gene help produce darker hair colors. Another trait that displays simple dominance is the Rhesus, or Rh blood group. The allele for Rh factor co ...
... produce red hair. An individual with red hair usually has two of these recessive alleles, inheriting a copy from each parent. Dominant alleles for the MC1R gene help produce darker hair colors. Another trait that displays simple dominance is the Rhesus, or Rh blood group. The allele for Rh factor co ...
RNA-Seq Tutorial - Gene Codes Corporation
... • In the Remove Values window, set Removal Technique to by Expression Value. For Expression Value make sure that <= is selected and that the value is 0 and click OK. • Highlight “Removed: v <= 0.0” and go to Data > Estimate Missing Values…. • In ...
... • In the Remove Values window, set Removal Technique to by Expression Value. For Expression Value make sure that <= is selected and that the value is 0 and click OK. • Highlight “Removed: v <= 0.0” and go to Data > Estimate Missing Values…. • In ...
Chromosomal Microarray (CGH+SNP)
... There are two reasons for this: 1) UPD may be of the heterodisomy type, which is not detected by the array; and 2) for some of the disorders, mechanisms other than UPD can cause the disorder. Failure to detect ROH does not exclude the clinical diagnosis of a recessive disorder. Failure to dete ...
... There are two reasons for this: 1) UPD may be of the heterodisomy type, which is not detected by the array; and 2) for some of the disorders, mechanisms other than UPD can cause the disorder. Failure to detect ROH does not exclude the clinical diagnosis of a recessive disorder. Failure to dete ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... translocations to give rise to thousands of nanochromosomes), followed by their at least thousand-fold amplification (see figures 2 and 3 for the diagrammatic representation of the processes involved in MAC differentiation). Asexual cell divisions occur by fission (b). MIC undergoes mitosis and MAC ami ...
... translocations to give rise to thousands of nanochromosomes), followed by their at least thousand-fold amplification (see figures 2 and 3 for the diagrammatic representation of the processes involved in MAC differentiation). Asexual cell divisions occur by fission (b). MIC undergoes mitosis and MAC ami ...
Analysis of the 18S rRNA genes of Sarcocystis species suggests
... Pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate sequence homology and diversity. More than ten main variable regions were identified in the Sarcocystis 18S rRNA gene sequences. The regions were characterized by a considerable number of indels. Interspecific variation in the regions exceeded that within s ...
... Pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate sequence homology and diversity. More than ten main variable regions were identified in the Sarcocystis 18S rRNA gene sequences. The regions were characterized by a considerable number of indels. Interspecific variation in the regions exceeded that within s ...
Methylation of an upstream Alu sequence on the Imprinted H19
... hybridization and identification of the H19 Alu sequence will follow. The isolated Alu sequence will be re-digested with methylation-specific restriction enzymes. Results from this proposed experiment should reveal a better understanding of H19 Alu methylation and further our knowledge of genomic ...
... hybridization and identification of the H19 Alu sequence will follow. The isolated Alu sequence will be re-digested with methylation-specific restriction enzymes. Results from this proposed experiment should reveal a better understanding of H19 Alu methylation and further our knowledge of genomic ...
Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics or community genomics. While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing and genomics rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes (often the 16S rRNA gene) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample. Such work revealed that the vast majority of microbial biodiversity had been missed by cultivation-based methods. Recent studies use either ""shotgun"" or PCR directed sequencing to get largely unbiased samples of all genes from all the members of the sampled communities. Because of its ability to reveal the previously hidden diversity of microscopic life, metagenomics offers a powerful lens for viewing the microbial world that has the potential to revolutionize understanding of the entire living world. As the price of DNA sequencing continues to fall, metagenomics now allows microbial ecology to be investigated at a much greater scale and detail than before.