What is a gene, post-ENCODE? History and updated definition
... of 1% of the human genome by various high-throughput experimental and computational techniques designed to characterize functional elements (The ENCODE Project Consortium 2007). This project represents a major milestone in the characterization of the human genome, and the current findings show a str ...
... of 1% of the human genome by various high-throughput experimental and computational techniques designed to characterize functional elements (The ENCODE Project Consortium 2007). This project represents a major milestone in the characterization of the human genome, and the current findings show a str ...
Recombinant DNA WS
... resulting gel. The loading well has been drawn for you. d. What is the resulting base pair length after insertion? Show work. ...
... resulting gel. The loading well has been drawn for you. d. What is the resulting base pair length after insertion? Show work. ...
Supplementary Figure Legends (doc 52K)
... Supplementary Figure S2. Distribution of the ‘heavy’ and ‘light’ DNA in separated SIP fractions. The top of each panel shows the DGGE profiles of bacterial PCR products from separated (a) [13C]-phenanthrene fractions aligned to equivalent [12C]-phenanthrene fractions, (b) [13C]naphthalene fractions ...
... Supplementary Figure S2. Distribution of the ‘heavy’ and ‘light’ DNA in separated SIP fractions. The top of each panel shows the DGGE profiles of bacterial PCR products from separated (a) [13C]-phenanthrene fractions aligned to equivalent [12C]-phenanthrene fractions, (b) [13C]naphthalene fractions ...
How DNA Evidence Works The Science of DNA Fingerprinting
... Once you have separated the DNA, you can determine the relative size of each fragment based on how far it has moved through the agarose. 4. DNA fragments that have been separated on an agarose gel will begin to disintegrate after a day or two. To permanently save the DNA fragments in this segregated ...
... Once you have separated the DNA, you can determine the relative size of each fragment based on how far it has moved through the agarose. 4. DNA fragments that have been separated on an agarose gel will begin to disintegrate after a day or two. To permanently save the DNA fragments in this segregated ...
Methods S1: Vector constructions and transformation of yeast and
... transferred into pDONR (Invitrogen, Cergy Pontoise, France) and finally transferred into other vectors as needed. sAvrLm4-7 constructs were secreted via a soybean PR1a leader (Anderson et al., 2012) while mAvrLm4-7 constructs lacked a secreted leader sequence. For flow cytometry experiments, native ...
... transferred into pDONR (Invitrogen, Cergy Pontoise, France) and finally transferred into other vectors as needed. sAvrLm4-7 constructs were secreted via a soybean PR1a leader (Anderson et al., 2012) while mAvrLm4-7 constructs lacked a secreted leader sequence. For flow cytometry experiments, native ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Shedding light on detritus
... Citation for published version (APA): Hunting, E. R. (2013). Shedding light on detritus: Interactions between invertebrates, bacteria and substrates in benthic habitats ...
... Citation for published version (APA): Hunting, E. R. (2013). Shedding light on detritus: Interactions between invertebrates, bacteria and substrates in benthic habitats ...
proreg
... area of double stranded RNA containing a single-stranded loop (2) This structure causes RNA polymerase to pause, and then carry out its exergonic nuclease activity, degrading RNA (instead of polymerization), till it no longer is bound to DNA (a) Thus transcription is stopped B. Overview 1. A bacteri ...
... area of double stranded RNA containing a single-stranded loop (2) This structure causes RNA polymerase to pause, and then carry out its exergonic nuclease activity, degrading RNA (instead of polymerization), till it no longer is bound to DNA (a) Thus transcription is stopped B. Overview 1. A bacteri ...
Early Metazoan Divergence Was About 830 Million Years Ago
... invertebrate divergence time is more reliable than theirs, because mitochondrial genes they used are not evolving in a clocklike fashion in vertebrates (Nikoh et al. 1997). A number of factors can cause different time estimates from different molecular data (for detailed discussions, see Nikoh et al ...
... invertebrate divergence time is more reliable than theirs, because mitochondrial genes they used are not evolving in a clocklike fashion in vertebrates (Nikoh et al. 1997). A number of factors can cause different time estimates from different molecular data (for detailed discussions, see Nikoh et al ...
module three
... The Horse Genome Project was started in 1995. It is an international cooperative project involving over a hundred scientists in twenty countries. Initially the goal of the Horse Genome Project was to make a genetic map for the horse. The 32 pairs of chromosomes were characterised and genetic “landma ...
... The Horse Genome Project was started in 1995. It is an international cooperative project involving over a hundred scientists in twenty countries. Initially the goal of the Horse Genome Project was to make a genetic map for the horse. The 32 pairs of chromosomes were characterised and genetic “landma ...
Powerpoint for Bioinformatics course at CSULA
... Bioinformatics isn’t going to replace lab work anytime soon Experimental proof is still the “Gold Standard”. ...
... Bioinformatics isn’t going to replace lab work anytime soon Experimental proof is still the “Gold Standard”. ...
Chapter 6: Microbial Growth
... • pH indicator changes color when mannitol is fermented to acid. ...
... • pH indicator changes color when mannitol is fermented to acid. ...
Expansion of specialized metabolism
... lineage-specific gene clusters coordinately involved in certain specialized metabolisms were also found in several species (Chae et al. 2014; Fukushima et al. 2011; Nützmann and Osbourn 2014; Ono et al. 2010). In addition, a gene cluster in Solanaceae, which contains CYP, DOX, and UGT in that order, ...
... lineage-specific gene clusters coordinately involved in certain specialized metabolisms were also found in several species (Chae et al. 2014; Fukushima et al. 2011; Nützmann and Osbourn 2014; Ono et al. 2010). In addition, a gene cluster in Solanaceae, which contains CYP, DOX, and UGT in that order, ...
THR_Paper2_CRISPR
... This experiment has not only proved to be successful in mice, but in all species tested; as of now, scientists have not found a single life form that this exact system doesn’t work on. Essentially, as of what current research shows, we can take these CRISPR-Cas9 systems out of bacteria and place the ...
... This experiment has not only proved to be successful in mice, but in all species tested; as of now, scientists have not found a single life form that this exact system doesn’t work on. Essentially, as of what current research shows, we can take these CRISPR-Cas9 systems out of bacteria and place the ...
Correlations Between Bacterial Ecology and
... transferred from one species to another, it would be helpful to formally assess, by statistical comparisons, the patterns shaping the distribution of mobile DNA across many bacteria. These data would provide an important baseline for studying the mechanisms and relevance of mobile DNA. Question 2: W ...
... transferred from one species to another, it would be helpful to formally assess, by statistical comparisons, the patterns shaping the distribution of mobile DNA across many bacteria. These data would provide an important baseline for studying the mechanisms and relevance of mobile DNA. Question 2: W ...
Chapter 1: The Microbial World and You
... Toxic Forms of Oxygen: 1. Singlet Oxygen: Extremely reactive form of oxygen, present in phagocytic cells. 2. Superoxide Free Radicals (O2-.): Extremely toxic and reactive form of oxygen. All organisms growing in atmospheric oxygen must produce an enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), to get rid of them ...
... Toxic Forms of Oxygen: 1. Singlet Oxygen: Extremely reactive form of oxygen, present in phagocytic cells. 2. Superoxide Free Radicals (O2-.): Extremely toxic and reactive form of oxygen. All organisms growing in atmospheric oxygen must produce an enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), to get rid of them ...
(COX2) gene in giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca
... in agreement with the dN/dS < 1 value obtained from the closely related COX2 sequences, indicating the conservation of this gene throughout evolution. Among the three haplotypes found, one had a more recent origin than the other two, suggesting that giant pandas had two colonies with some gene excha ...
... in agreement with the dN/dS < 1 value obtained from the closely related COX2 sequences, indicating the conservation of this gene throughout evolution. Among the three haplotypes found, one had a more recent origin than the other two, suggesting that giant pandas had two colonies with some gene excha ...
function Complex genomic rearrangements lead to novel primate gene
... the duplications occurred recently and were not affected by genomic rearrangements. These gene copies might not have been subjected to functional selection, might differ only in their expression patterns (Gu et al. 2004), or might have other relatively small functional differences that are difficult ...
... the duplications occurred recently and were not affected by genomic rearrangements. These gene copies might not have been subjected to functional selection, might differ only in their expression patterns (Gu et al. 2004), or might have other relatively small functional differences that are difficult ...
Clinical use of Whole Genome Sequencing for Mycobacterium
... problem, however it is a more straightforward task for M. tuberculosis than for other species due to a lack of horizontal gene transfer; indeed, drug resistance is generally thought to be mediated only through mutations in specific gene targets. The key therefore is to identify those single nucleoti ...
... problem, however it is a more straightforward task for M. tuberculosis than for other species due to a lack of horizontal gene transfer; indeed, drug resistance is generally thought to be mediated only through mutations in specific gene targets. The key therefore is to identify those single nucleoti ...
Patchy distribution of flexible genetic elements in bacterial
... incidence and diversity of pSmeSM11a-like plasmids was analysed in isolates of Sinorhizobium meliloti from two field sites, representing two populations. Five of 21 strains isolated from one field, and four of 16 strains from the other field contained plasmids with pSmeSM11a-like backbone genes, whi ...
... incidence and diversity of pSmeSM11a-like plasmids was analysed in isolates of Sinorhizobium meliloti from two field sites, representing two populations. Five of 21 strains isolated from one field, and four of 16 strains from the other field contained plasmids with pSmeSM11a-like backbone genes, whi ...
Doubling Down on Genomes: Polyploidy and Crop Plants
... heterosis, robustness, and the improvement of crop yield, relative to closely related diploids. Historically, however, the genomewide analysis of polyploid crops has lagged behind those of diploid crops and other model organisms. This lag is partly due to the difficulties in genome assembly, resulti ...
... heterosis, robustness, and the improvement of crop yield, relative to closely related diploids. Historically, however, the genomewide analysis of polyploid crops has lagged behind those of diploid crops and other model organisms. This lag is partly due to the difficulties in genome assembly, resulti ...
IACP DNA Brochure (For PDF)
... biological material# Additionally! the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA allows scientists to compare the mitochondrial DNA profile of a set of remains to that of reference samples from individuals such as the mother! brother(s)! sister(s)! or any other maternally related individuals of a mi ...
... biological material# Additionally! the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA allows scientists to compare the mitochondrial DNA profile of a set of remains to that of reference samples from individuals such as the mother! brother(s)! sister(s)! or any other maternally related individuals of a mi ...
Multiple PCR analyses on trace amounts of DNA
... were used as templates. The successful amplification of a number of different gene fragments has also indicated that RP-PCR can generate a representative template pool. These features should meet the requirements for most current PCR analyses. The main advantage of RP-PCR over other methods, such as ...
... were used as templates. The successful amplification of a number of different gene fragments has also indicated that RP-PCR can generate a representative template pool. These features should meet the requirements for most current PCR analyses. The main advantage of RP-PCR over other methods, such as ...
Array Flip Book
... genetic material across the entire human genome (with the exception of centromeres, telomeres, and satellites) • GenomeDx uses a new technology called ‘Oligonucleotide Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization,’ for short ‘Oligo aCGH’ • Oligo array is a test in which a patient’s DNA and control DNA ar ...
... genetic material across the entire human genome (with the exception of centromeres, telomeres, and satellites) • GenomeDx uses a new technology called ‘Oligonucleotide Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization,’ for short ‘Oligo aCGH’ • Oligo array is a test in which a patient’s DNA and control DNA ar ...
Mitochondrial DNA
... two partially double-stranded molecules of DNA at the beginning. The DNA is ‘unzipped’ by raising the temperature to 95°C These primers again create a complementary strand to each of the four template strands in the 5’ to 3’ direction. At the end of Cycle Two, four partially double-stranded DNA mole ...
... two partially double-stranded molecules of DNA at the beginning. The DNA is ‘unzipped’ by raising the temperature to 95°C These primers again create a complementary strand to each of the four template strands in the 5’ to 3’ direction. At the end of Cycle Two, four partially double-stranded DNA mole ...
Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics or community genomics. While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing and genomics rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes (often the 16S rRNA gene) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample. Such work revealed that the vast majority of microbial biodiversity had been missed by cultivation-based methods. Recent studies use either ""shotgun"" or PCR directed sequencing to get largely unbiased samples of all genes from all the members of the sampled communities. Because of its ability to reveal the previously hidden diversity of microscopic life, metagenomics offers a powerful lens for viewing the microbial world that has the potential to revolutionize understanding of the entire living world. As the price of DNA sequencing continues to fall, metagenomics now allows microbial ecology to be investigated at a much greater scale and detail than before.