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The rapidly evolving field of plant centromeres
The rapidly evolving field of plant centromeres

... flanked by DNA that is rich in middle repetitive elements, including transposons, retroelements and pseudogenes (Figure 1). The middle repetitive DNA is often referred to as the pericentromere, although domains in this region may contribute to centromere activity. Although centromere functions are h ...
ZFIN-Mar2006 - Gene Ontology Consortium
ZFIN-Mar2006 - Gene Ontology Consortium

... ZFIN currently has 8 curators, and will add 2 more in the first half of 2006. Currently all of them split their time between project management / development activities and literature curation for all data types, including GO. As a result, only a fraction of each curator’s time is spent on GO curati ...
File_details - Harvard PlasmID Database
File_details - Harvard PlasmID Database

... the target sequence or a nearby universal sequence (such as a cloning linker or the vector), this clone format is called “closed” (Examples C-E). Corollary: If your cloning strategy supplies a STOP codon in a 3’ universal sequence (such as a cloning linker or the vector) to the end of the coding seq ...
Megavirus - Mister Gui
Megavirus - Mister Gui

... origins of these not-so-wee beasties. Many of their genes are different from those found in cellular life forms, or even other viruses. It’s possible that giant viruses amassed their enormous genetic armamentarium over billions of years, picking up genes from long-extinct host or swapping them with ...
Sysmex UF-1000i flow cytometer capability to discriminate Gram
Sysmex UF-1000i flow cytometer capability to discriminate Gram

... In this study, as well as the revaluation of the optimal cutcut-off for bacterial counts, we wanted to assess the instrumental ability ability to discriminate the type of causative organism in the positive screened samples using the technical parameter B_FSC of the bacteria channel with the aim to g ...
Genomic patterns of species diversity and divergence in Eucalyptus
Genomic patterns of species diversity and divergence in Eucalyptus

... potentially under selection, and those with a posterior probability of ≥0.76 as being under ‘substantial’ selection’. In each pair-wise species comparison, markers detected as being significant outliers by BayeScan and those not detected in these analyses but which were fixed for different alleles i ...
Role of nitrogen in the biosphere
Role of nitrogen in the biosphere

... divide they produce enzymes. These enzymes are high molecular weight proteins. It is important to recognize the fact that colonies of bacteria are literally factories for the production of enzymes. The enzymes which are manufactured by the bacteria will be appropriate to the substrate in which the e ...
Statistical power and significance testing in large
Statistical power and significance testing in large

... Multiple testing burdens in genome-wide studies Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were made feasible in the late 2000s by the completion of the International HapMap Project 9 and the development of massively parallel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays, which can now genotyp ...
pdf
pdf

... display differences only between the fish and the other species. Collapsing the ultra-conserved elements separated by fewer than 10 bases reduces the number of ultra-conserved elements to 209, increases the base coverage to 6,636 bp, and brings the total number of regions greater than 50 bp in lengt ...
Identification and characterization of an early gene in the Lymantria
Identification and characterization of an early gene in the Lymantria

... (see below). These start sites are within a region (GTCAGTCT) that shows homology to the transcriptional start sites (with the consensus sequence NTCAGTYN) in Drosophila melanogaster retrotransposon and developmental genes and in the developmentally controlled mouse terminal deoxynucleotidyltransfer ...
Biology, 8th Edition
Biology, 8th Edition

... two types of DNA are then mixed under conditions that facilitate hydrogen bonding between the complementary bases of the sticky ends, and the nicks in the resulting recombinant DNA are sealed by DNA ligase (❚ Fig. 15-2). The plasmids now used in recombinant DNA work have been extensively manipulated ...
PTC Genetics Lab Student Worksheet
PTC Genetics Lab Student Worksheet

... Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). When molecules of PTC bind to the TAS2R38 receptor protein, some people can taste the bitterness while others taste nothing at all – we call them “Tasters” and “Non-Tasters”, respectively. PTC is a manmade chemical that resembles toxic alkaloids found in some poisonous pla ...
Actinomycetes: a yet inexhaustive source of bioactive secondary
Actinomycetes: a yet inexhaustive source of bioactive secondary

... bioactive metabolites are profoundly used as antimicrobial agents for the treatment of diverse ailments [13]. Secondary metabolites usually comprise various chemical moieties, such as polyketide backbones, amino acid derivatives and sugars. Biosynthesis of secondary metabolite is catalysed by a numb ...
Draft Declaration Robert Nussbaum1 18 10[1]
Draft Declaration Robert Nussbaum1 18 10[1]

... the rest of the DNA relies on the sequence. Although separation may be accomplished by biochemical methods, such as excising that segment or amplifying it by PCR, it is also possible to use biological methods to separate the DNA containing a gene away from other genes without extracting it. Random p ...
Gene Functional Classification from Heterogeneous Data (2001, P
Gene Functional Classification from Heterogeneous Data (2001, P

... Assigning protein functions by comparative genome analysis protein phylogenetic profiles Heterogeneous Data Gene Classification ...
Jounral of Bacteriology
Jounral of Bacteriology

... competence. We present a preliminary comparison of the B. subtilis 168 genome to sample sequences of the genome of FZB42, primarily focused on biosynthesis of biologically active cyclic lipopeptides. Gene clusters involved in surfactin, bacillomycin D, and fengycin synthesis were identified in the F ...
Measuring the Rates of Transcriptional Elongation in the Female
Measuring the Rates of Transcriptional Elongation in the Female

... sequences are silenced by the repeat-associated small RNA (rasiRNA) pathway (Vagin et al. 2006), an RNA silencing mechanism distinct from both the RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways. Small silencing RNAs 24–30 nucleotides long, rasiRNAs not only are about 3–7 nucleotides longer th ...
Mathematical Description of Microbial Biofilms
Mathematical Description of Microbial Biofilms

... dominance, enormous generation of genetic diversity occurred; today, prokaryotes are estimated to carry 100 times as many genes as eukaryotes [244]. These days, possibly due to the existence of grazers, mats are mostly found in extreme environments (e.g., high or low temperature, high salinity, deep ...
Age study
Age study

... The dataset used is based on 51 subjects run on the Illumina® Human Ref-8 BeadChip™ platform (Melov et al., 2007). Twenty-six of the subjects were categorized as “Young” with an age range of 18 to 28. The other 25 subjects were categorized as “Old” with an age range of 65 to 84. Skeletal muscle, a t ...
Antigenic diversity of Theileria major piroplasm surface protein gene
Antigenic diversity of Theileria major piroplasm surface protein gene

... isolates were type I, and the cattle exhibited severe symptoms [5]. In our study, type I was rare (6 of 35); most of the isolates were types C (20 of 35) and B (17 of 35), and all cattle were normal clinically and on hematological examination. In this study, we used PCR-RLFP to subclassify type B, a ...
Morris Goodman - National Academy of Sciences
Morris Goodman - National Academy of Sciences

... the “great apes” (i.e., chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans) by demonstrating that humans had more affinity to some great apes than to others and that chimpanzees and gorillas are more similar to humans than they are to orangutans. In later years, Morris elaborated his view on human classification by ...
emboj7601802-sup
emboj7601802-sup

... and atpBRev (5’ CGCGGTACCATA-CACGTTTAACGGCGTCCT 3’: KpnI). It was was digested by ClaI (that cuts plasmid P-112 only once, within the amplified region) and KpnI (introduced when designing primer atpBRev) and ligated into the vector P-112, digested with the same enzymes to yield plasmid P-112IR. Thi ...
Quantitation and Purification of Acquired Plasmid DNA Coding for
Quantitation and Purification of Acquired Plasmid DNA Coding for

... Once the previous selection processes were accomplished, the experiment was able to move forward. In LB broth, the pH was adjusted to 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0 using Tris and Mes as buffers (this was done due to the fact that propagating bacteria can effect the pH of solution). Now, in four (4) tubes o ...
The human genome. Implications for medicine and society
The human genome. Implications for medicine and society

... and, also, from a great number of scientific innovations. The first human genome map already developed, as well as its complete and 99.99% accurate publication expected by 2003 or earlier5, constitute the starting point for the oncoming biological revolution of the 21st century. It must be noted tha ...
Candidate gene resequencing to identify rare, pedigree
Candidate gene resequencing to identify rare, pedigree

... as the Framingham Heart Study. To account for this difference and increase our statistical power for detecting sequence variants associated with aging-related phenotypes, such as survival, BMI, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, blood glucose level, blood insulin level, cognitive function, type 2 d ...
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Metagenomics



Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics or community genomics. While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing and genomics rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes (often the 16S rRNA gene) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample. Such work revealed that the vast majority of microbial biodiversity had been missed by cultivation-based methods. Recent studies use either ""shotgun"" or PCR directed sequencing to get largely unbiased samples of all genes from all the members of the sampled communities. Because of its ability to reveal the previously hidden diversity of microscopic life, metagenomics offers a powerful lens for viewing the microbial world that has the potential to revolutionize understanding of the entire living world. As the price of DNA sequencing continues to fall, metagenomics now allows microbial ecology to be investigated at a much greater scale and detail than before.
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