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20 years and 22 papers with Bernard Moret
20 years and 22 papers with Bernard Moret

... • The state at the root is randomly drawn from {A,C,T,G} (nucleotides) • If a site (position) changes on an edge, it changes with equal probability to each of the remaining states. • The evolutionary process is Markovian. The different sites are assumed to evolve independently and identically down t ...
Lesson Plan
Lesson Plan

... Use an interest approach that will prepare the students for the lesson. Teachers often develop approaches for their unique class and student situations. A possible approach is included here. Display to the class a length of spaghetti. Inform them that DNA is a long linear molecule. If the DNA from o ...
Lecture3_HomologyAndAlignment2014_10sept
Lecture3_HomologyAndAlignment2014_10sept

Pair-wise sequence alignment
Pair-wise sequence alignment

... • Analysis of single sequence – Composition – Location of pattern – Profile of properties such as hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity ...
—1— User Guide © Copyright 2009 Robert C. Edgar, all rights
—1— User Guide © Copyright 2009 Robert C. Edgar, all rights

... substitutions, insertions, deletions, moves, copies and so on. This division is driven by software engineering rather than biological considerations: it is currently possible to simulate evolution of a single chromosome on a commodity computer typically found in a compute cluster, but an entire geno ...
HSV 1 & 2 - Scioto County Medical Society
HSV 1 & 2 - Scioto County Medical Society

... by detecting a unique nucleic acid base sequence for specific organisms.  The “goal” of molecular testing is no different from classical methods. ...
The causes and molecular consequences of polyploidy
The causes and molecular consequences of polyploidy

... Unreduced gametes can be formed in three different ways: (1) premeiotic genome doubling due to endoreplication mechanisms, including endocycling (alternating periods of S phase, where DNA is replicated, and gap phase, without cell division), endomitosis (mitosis without the final cell division),22 o ...
Text S1.
Text S1.

Genetics Notes
Genetics Notes

... reshaped the study of genetics. His first idea was that genes come in  different forms.  This causes organisms of the same species to still  have some differences.  ...
All Alus are approximately 300 bp in length and derive
All Alus are approximately 300 bp in length and derive

... hundreds of thousands of Alu copies have accumulated in primates since their separation from other vertebrate groups about 65 million years ago. • Once an Alu inserts at a chromosome locus, it can copy itself for transposition, but there is no evidence that it is ever excised or lost from a chromoso ...
Human Germline Gene Therapy1
Human Germline Gene Therapy1

... be required to reach this point, but the cells should still be viable (11) for nuclear transfer. 9. Nuclear transfer. The well-publicized work of Wilmut et al., who cloned sheep from cultured cells arrested in the G0 phase of the cell cycle (11), makes step 9 theoretically possible in humans, althou ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology

... An important thing in annotating mammalian genomes is distinguishing real genes from pseudogenes (inactive gene copies). Processed pseudogenes arise through retrotransposition of spliced or partially spliced mRNA into the genome; they are often recognized by the loss of some or all introns relative ...
Hong - Gene Ontology Consortium
Hong - Gene Ontology Consortium

... Links to SGD tools and other databases ...
BIOLOGY (THEORY) – 2008
BIOLOGY (THEORY) – 2008

... whole (entire plant). These may also enter through secondary host and wild plants. They may enter through soil (absorbed with wrote or through diseased seeds). So through eradication of diseased parts or entire plant or secondary hosts, viral disease can be prevented. ...
2610//16 1 Allele-specific expression, ASE [1] Defini8on of allele
2610//16 1 Allele-specific expression, ASE [1] Defini8on of allele

... Allele-specific expression, defini=on ...
Chapter_01 1..22 - Wiley-VCH
Chapter_01 1..22 - Wiley-VCH

... and mapped. In this way function maps can be constructed (Chen et al. 2001; Schneider et al. 2002). Phenotypic data of the segregating population, correlated to marker data, prove or disprove potential candidate genes supporting monoand polygenic traits. The basis for genetic mapping is recombinatio ...
Plant Molecular Biology
Plant Molecular Biology

... of growth and differentiation processes in higher plants. The molecular mechanism by which this control is exerted is essentially unknown. Auxin binds specifically to an auxin-binding protein (ABP) which is thought to be the first element in a signal transduction pathway [7]. However, the other comp ...
Vertical and horizontal gene transfer in lichens
Vertical and horizontal gene transfer in lichens

... result from parallel cladogenesis and coevolution (i.e. the genetic change of an organism as a response to the genetic change of a related organism). Such assumption in lichen symbioses could be accepted only in cases where vertical transmission of photobiont occurs, i.e. in lichens that reproduce a ...
Woods Hole – Zebrafish Genetics and Development Bioinformatics
Woods Hole – Zebrafish Genetics and Development Bioinformatics

Solutions to 7.012 Problem Set 3
Solutions to 7.012 Problem Set 3

... i) Name three things that are wrong in the above DNA sequence. 7.012 Fall 2003 ...
RNA-seq data analysis with Chipster
RNA-seq data analysis with Chipster

... • transcriptome allows you to count hits to known transcripts • genome allows you to find new genes and transcripts ...
How to determine whether a strain will undergo senescence.  Background
How to determine whether a strain will undergo senescence. Background

... unlimited growth. Deleterious mutant genes and gene combinations are expected eventually to accumulate and slow or terminate growth even in normal growing, nonsenescent cultures. Occasional outcrossing can purge the genome of the accumulated defective genes, but in the absence of genetic recombinati ...
A novel gene encoding a 54 kDa polypeptide is
A novel gene encoding a 54 kDa polypeptide is

... method takes time and can cover only limited types of bacteria, and selection, being a growth-dependent process, may miss out organisms which require different media or temperatures. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have proved to be more reliable and easy to use for detection of target organism ...
ANNEX 1
ANNEX 1

... to the Accreditation Criteria for Medical Laboratories, as defined in the Standard ...
UNIFR Rusconi 2002
UNIFR Rusconi 2002

... micro-array-based resequencing (size independent time) single nucleotide polymorphism detection techniques ultra-microscope-based sequencing (SNP) direct polymerase output sequencing ...
< 1 ... 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 ... 445 >

Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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