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On bioinformatics
On bioinformatics

... a disease). The development of instruments to increase our capacity to observe natural phenomena has, therefore, played a crucial role in the development of science - the microscope being the paradigmatic example in biology. With the human genome, the natural world takes an unprecedented turn: it is ...
Genetic_Engineers_Mini
Genetic_Engineers_Mini

Selfish DNA and the wonderful world of RNA
Selfish DNA and the wonderful world of RNA

... transposase gene  2) Composite transposon. Two IS elements + antibiotic resistance gene(s) ...
A History of Innovation in Genetic Analysis
A History of Innovation in Genetic Analysis

... sequenced at the University of Ghent and the first recombinant DNA molecule is created by scientists at Stanford University. ...
幻灯片 1 - TUST
幻灯片 1 - TUST

... either DNA or RNA enclosed in a coat of protein (and sometimes, in addition, substances such as lipids and carbohydrates). They can reproduce only within living cells and are obligately intracellular parasites. 2. Viruses are cultured by inoculating living hosts or cell cultures with a virion prepar ...
Cancer Research Project
Cancer Research Project

... 2. You will research this gene. 3. You will create a 1 page document that answers each of the following questions: ● Is the gene a proto-oncogene, tumor suppressor, DNA repair enzyme, or something else (tell me what it is, don’t just say “something else”)? ● What does the normal (functional) version ...
Slide 1 - Brookwood High School
Slide 1 - Brookwood High School

... Read base sequence of a DNA fragment  Once know sequence – then amino acid sequence is known for protein it codes for  Known DNA sequences can be compared among individuals of same species and of different species ...
File
File

... parent to offspring ...
Biotech applic
Biotech applic

... • Basic research. Much biological research carried out today is based in the tools of DNA technology, including: – sequencing the entire genomes of living organisms (the human genome was recently completed) – using DNA probes to detect the full range of living organisms. Using these techniques has ...
Evolution of genomes
Evolution of genomes

... For the development of good models of molecular evolution it is useful to distinguish between different types of mutations. I will make here the major distinction between mutations on a local scale and mutations on a global scale, the former being ones that can be described by looking at a stretch o ...
Gene Expression and Regulation
Gene Expression and Regulation

Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering

... the patient and mixed with a virus that contains the normal gene which codes for the production of this enzyme. The virus enters the white blood cells, carrying with it the normal gene. These genetically engineered white blood cells are returned to the patient. This treatment serves only temporarily ...
Directed Evolution Charles Feng, Andrew Goodrich Team
Directed Evolution Charles Feng, Andrew Goodrich Team

... We’re trying to go from one (biologically, naturally evolved) maximum to another that may be a distance away In order to get from one to the other, we need to use evolutionary strategies that take us along a stepwise variational path ...
Ingenious Genes Curriculum Links for AQA GCSE Biology (8461
Ingenious Genes Curriculum Links for AQA GCSE Biology (8461

... A sequence of three bases is the code for a particular amino acid. The order of bases controls the order in which amino acids are assembled to produce a particular protein. The long strands of DNA consist of alternating sugar and phosphate sections. Attached to each sugar is one of the four bases. T ...
LINEs in Human Genome
LINEs in Human Genome

Cell Mutations
Cell Mutations

... • Missing letter or base: the sun wsh otb utt heo ldm and idn otg ish at. ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

... 6. The 5’ and 3’ ends of mRNA are good target sites for antisense oligonucleotides. 7. Diagnostic probes for pathogens are identified from a genomic library of that pathogen. 8. Trypsinization is used to cleave cell surface proteins from cells in culture. ...
DNA, Chromosomes & Genes
DNA, Chromosomes & Genes

... http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/info=basics/show/gene ...
DNA Technology
DNA Technology

... To work with a specific gene, scientists need methods for preparing well-defined, gene-sized pieces of DNA in multiple identical copies. They need techniques for GENE CLONING! ...
Ways to get from plant genomes to phenomes: via
Ways to get from plant genomes to phenomes: via

... may require an equal effort. Several high-throughput tools for automated identification of genes at the structural level are available, but functional annotation can only be tentatively inferred on the basis of sequence motifs or sequence similarity. ‘Gold standard’ structural and functional annotat ...
Powerpoint Presentation: Gene Transfer
Powerpoint Presentation: Gene Transfer

... Molecular scissors Restriction endonucleases  Enzymes used by bacteria to detect and cut out viral genes  Several hundred isolated  Each type identifies a specific sequence of DNA  Usually produce a staggered cut leaving a “sticky end” ...
Reproductive Technology
Reproductive Technology

... When sequencing the complete genome of any organism (humans included) they always use DNA from 6 to 8 different individuals – WHY? • Ensure fragments will overlap often • Ensure each base is covered with at least two good clean “reads” • Identify common polymorphisms ...
Genetic Technology
Genetic Technology

... Meanwhile, ethicists warn against allowing employers or insurers to use genetic tests. This might allow them to discriminate against those with markers associated with certain diseases. Yet another debate rages about the use of human embryonic stem cells. These cells may enable researchers to gener ...
Document
Document

... • A gene: DNA sequence that is needed to encode amino acid sequence of a protein • Composed of exons, introns and different control elements • Exon – protein coding sequence • Intron – intervening sequence ...
DNA webquest!!
DNA webquest!!

... Second Site: http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/tour/. 1. What is DNA? 2. What does “DNA” stand for? __________________________________ 3. What is the four-letter DNA alphabet and what are the special rules by which the alphabet pieces bond together? ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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