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Gene Cloning
Gene Cloning

... • The plasmids used in gene cloning contain naturally occurring genes for some type of antibiotic resistance- e.g. Ampicillin or Tetracycline. When these genes are used to make a transgenic organism, the resistance gene may be transferred. There is concern that this resistance could be acquired by o ...
Leukaemia Section t(3;11)(p21;q23) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Leukaemia Section t(3;11)(p21;q23) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

... This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 France Licence. © 2000 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology ...
Genetic engineering: the state of the art
Genetic engineering: the state of the art

... knowledge about the pivotal role of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in the development of all organ isms has accelerated relentlessly. To achieve the current understanding. scientists had to develop techniques for manipu la ting DNA . In 1958 the first enzyme capable of the test-tube synthesis of DNA wa ...
You, From A to T - Macmillan Learning
You, From A to T - Macmillan Learning

... In reality, there isn’t one single human genome. Everyone on Earth (with the exception of identical twins) has his or her own unique genetic sequence. Your personal genome is the blueprint that codes for your hair color, the length of your nose, and your susceptibility to certain diseases. On averag ...
Punnett Practice and Notes
Punnett Practice and Notes

...  These characteristics are called traits. Traits depend on the types of proteins that the 4 bases (A,C,G,T) make up. Parents pass on copies of their DNA to their offspring.  The DNA from each parent combines to form the DNA of the offspring.  How the offspring develops depends on the instructions ...
DNA/RNA
DNA/RNA

... • Types of mutations – Frame Shift Mutations: the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, so that every codon beyond the point of insertion or deletion is read incorrectly during ...
1 - Pdx
1 - Pdx

... correct errors that were made during replication. (5pts) Methylation occurs at GATC sites on the DNA. Since the methylation process takes some time to occur, the methyl-directed mismatch repair system is able to identify which strand is the newly replicated (unmethylated) strand of the DNA. Mismatch ...
Cell wk 8
Cell wk 8

... 1. A hypothetical membrane interface exists between a cell and a capillary. The following values for partial pressures (mm mercury, Hg) of gases A and B are measured: p p Gas A (cell) 50, (capillary), 65. p p Gas B (cell) 50, (capillary) 35. Predict the direction of diffusion for each gas. 2. Atmosp ...
CHAPTER 2: Development before Birth
CHAPTER 2: Development before Birth

... gene from both her father and her mother. The child would therefore be homozygous for the autosomal recessive trait. Chromosomes are very long continuous pieces (or molecules) of DNA that contain many genes and other regulatory material. Congenital refers to what is acquired at birth or during uteri ...
Biotechnology: Principles, Applications, and Social Implications
Biotechnology: Principles, Applications, and Social Implications

Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy

...  Most successful vector so far for human gene therapies  Most useful versions are gutted, removing viral genes that trigger the immune response, but require growth in presence of helper virus  Short duration of expression Adeno-associated virus (AAV):  Human virus, not toxic to infected cells, d ...
GENE 313: Medical Genetics
GENE 313: Medical Genetics

... the role than inherited and acquired genetic variation contributes to lead to cancer disease states 2. To understand some of the molecular mechanisms that contributes to the development of cancer, in particular the role of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. 3. To understand the multi-stage natur ...
Complementary DNA Sequencing: Expressed Sequence Tags and
Complementary DNA Sequencing: Expressed Sequence Tags and

... • Found 230 ESTs, representing new genes • Random selection approach yields a high amount of highly represented clones in the cDNA libraries used ~ NOT GOOD!! • EST and physical mapping → high resolution map of the location of genes on chromosomes ~ more efficient and cheaper than genomic sequencing ...
Mutations
Mutations

... m2: Mutations in exons, if they result in the substitution of an amino acid in the active site or other critical region of the protein, also lead to alleles with modified (reduced) functionality. ...
Genetics 200A Monday, September 28, 2009 Day 5: Yeast Lecture
Genetics 200A Monday, September 28, 2009 Day 5: Yeast Lecture

... cross to yeast KO collection to map: Not linked to any gene What’s going on? Fungi ...
Biotechnology and Genomics
Biotechnology and Genomics

... • ___________________________ are DNA sequences that occur between genes • __________________ DNA elements occur when the same sequence of two or more nucleotides are repeated many times along the length of one or more chromosomes. Remember STR’s?... Can also be referred to as ______________ ...
From Atoms to Traits
From Atoms to Traits

... clearly shown that such mutations do occur fairly regularly. (Of course, only mutations that occur in germ cells would be passed to offspring and therefore detectable in this manner.) Absolute rates of mutation differ in different species but typically average 10 –8 per nucleotide per generation for ...
Genoombrowsers - Radboud Universiteit
Genoombrowsers - Radboud Universiteit

... • Conserved non-coding genomic sequences can be involved in gene regulation (enhancers, silencers, ...
Chapter 23 Lecture PowerPoint
Chapter 23 Lecture PowerPoint

... Always has the same volume DNA is much denser than protein More DNA in phage, denser phage Extra DNAs that can inactivate a gene by inserting into the gene were the first transposons discovered in bacteria • These transposons are called insertion sequences (ISs) ...
Introduction to Medical Genetics
Introduction to Medical Genetics

... The most common yet still the least understood of human genetic diseases ...
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... – for hair and eye color – for height and weight – that make dimples, freckles, etc. ...
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... i. A heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic ii. Estimated 30,000 genes which you have and are organized into chromosomes 1. One gene and one polypeptide – each protein synthesized in the body originates from one particular section of DNA on a chromosome, this is a gene (can be seve ...
Microarray technique and Functional genomics
Microarray technique and Functional genomics

... • Microarray is a high through-put tool to identify novel genes ...
GDR ADN 2014 Chromatin folding in estrogen regulated
GDR ADN 2014 Chromatin folding in estrogen regulated

... Variations in the three-dimensional organization of chromosomes guide genome function from gene expression to DNA repair and recombination. DNA-bound transcription factors recruit many chromatin remodeling and modifying complexes to activate transcription. How the local chromatin environment prepare ...
Cystic Fibrosis treatment and genetic screening
Cystic Fibrosis treatment and genetic screening

... Q2.7 Read each of these four questions regarding ethical frameworks and consider whether or not it is acceptable to abort a fetus found by amniocentesis to have CF. 1 Rights and duties • Does every human regardless of size, development, ability to survive alone, in the uterus or outside of it, have ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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