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Cell Evolution in Fast Motion - Max-Planck
Cell Evolution in Fast Motion - Max-Planck

... out by the algae in light-filled surface waters. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria inhabit the root nodules of legumes – that is, plants that bear podded fruits, such as beans. Therefore, the bacterium Rhizobium japonicum lives in symbiosis with the soybean, for example. As part of this close working relatio ...
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BIOL10005: Genetics and the Evolution of Life

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mutations - Université d`Ottawa
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Genetics 321 - Western Washington University

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Materials and Methods
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What are Math and Computer Science doing in Biology?

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BIO 1102 - Makerere University Courses

... This course is designed to introduce students to the Genetics and its use in understanding diversity of living organisms. The course covers the structure of nucleic acids, protein synthesis, the gene code and inheritance. It also introduces the students to the practical applications of genetics in t ...
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... • The  imperfect  nature  of  DNA  replication  and  repair  increases  variation.   • The  horizontal  acquisitions  of  genetic  information  primarily  in  prokaryotes  via   transformation  (uptake  of  naked  DNA),  transduction  (viral  tra ...
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Biotechnology - Biology Junction

... enabling plants to produce new proteins  Protect crops from insects: BT corn  corn produces a bacterial toxin that kills corn borer (caterpillar pest of corn) ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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