Comparative Genetic Mapping Revealed Powdery Mildew
... The corresponding sequences of polymorphic EST markers were used to perform a BLAST search against the genome sequences of Brachypodium, rice and sorghum to identify orthologous gene pairs. The orthologous genomic regions were identified through comparative genomics analysis of the putative highly ...
... The corresponding sequences of polymorphic EST markers were used to perform a BLAST search against the genome sequences of Brachypodium, rice and sorghum to identify orthologous gene pairs. The orthologous genomic regions were identified through comparative genomics analysis of the putative highly ...
Identification of a novel streptococcal gene cassette mediating
... autocatalytic cleavage of the Ala84-Gly85 bond of LexA, which disrupts its ability to dimerize (35, 57). Self-cleavage of LexA inactivates LexA as a repressor, which induces the expression of SOS genes. SOS mutagenesis is mainly mediated by errorprone polymerases and takes place under severe conditi ...
... autocatalytic cleavage of the Ala84-Gly85 bond of LexA, which disrupts its ability to dimerize (35, 57). Self-cleavage of LexA inactivates LexA as a repressor, which induces the expression of SOS genes. SOS mutagenesis is mainly mediated by errorprone polymerases and takes place under severe conditi ...
X inactivation Xplained
... repeat-rich core, to which Xist localizes [39]. In differentiated mouse ES cells, Xist forms a repressive compartment from which the transcription machinery is excluded as a first step in X inactivation [40]. This compartment initially does not contain genes and is also not sufficient for gene si ...
... repeat-rich core, to which Xist localizes [39]. In differentiated mouse ES cells, Xist forms a repressive compartment from which the transcription machinery is excluded as a first step in X inactivation [40]. This compartment initially does not contain genes and is also not sufficient for gene si ...
Supplementary Figures (doc 9746K)
... categories are junctions whose start and stop sites have been annotated in the Ensembl gene annotation. The only difference is that the new junction group uses different combinations of start and stop sites. The 3rd and 4th categories are junctions having new 3’ stop sites (acceptor site) or 5’ star ...
... categories are junctions whose start and stop sites have been annotated in the Ensembl gene annotation. The only difference is that the new junction group uses different combinations of start and stop sites. The 3rd and 4th categories are junctions having new 3’ stop sites (acceptor site) or 5’ star ...
homolog of the agouti gene
... acceptor sites, except for the last region which, as expected, is flanked only by a splice acceptor at its 5' end. A polypyrimidine tract and putative branch point signals 10-50 bp upstream of each conserved 3' splice acceptor site were also identified (data not shown). Most notably, the ORF defined ...
... acceptor sites, except for the last region which, as expected, is flanked only by a splice acceptor at its 5' end. A polypyrimidine tract and putative branch point signals 10-50 bp upstream of each conserved 3' splice acceptor site were also identified (data not shown). Most notably, the ORF defined ...
Functional Analysis of A Novel Splicing Mutation in The Mutase
... The Novel mutation reported here leads to retention of the intron 12, which adds 10 amino acids to the encoding protein after exon 12 but also causes a premature stop codon leading to the complete deletion of the following exon 13. This mutation interrupts the vitamin B12 binding site. Thus, it rend ...
... The Novel mutation reported here leads to retention of the intron 12, which adds 10 amino acids to the encoding protein after exon 12 but also causes a premature stop codon leading to the complete deletion of the following exon 13. This mutation interrupts the vitamin B12 binding site. Thus, it rend ...
Pair-wise sequence alignment
... What is Homology? Homologous proteins may be encoded by• Same genes in different species • Genes that have transferred between the species • Genes that have originated from duplication of ancestral genes. October 2K5 ...
... What is Homology? Homologous proteins may be encoded by• Same genes in different species • Genes that have transferred between the species • Genes that have originated from duplication of ancestral genes. October 2K5 ...
Physical Mapping of a 670-kb Region of Chromosomes XVI and XVII
... events because the telomere reFigure 1 Probes H49 and JL8 define a pair of size-polymorphic homologous chromosomes. (A) peat arrays of the T. cruzi chroSeparation of T. cruzi chromosomal bands by PFGE and staining with ethidium bromide. The mosomes are short, ranging in arabic and roman numerals ind ...
... events because the telomere reFigure 1 Probes H49 and JL8 define a pair of size-polymorphic homologous chromosomes. (A) peat arrays of the T. cruzi chroSeparation of T. cruzi chromosomal bands by PFGE and staining with ethidium bromide. The mosomes are short, ranging in arabic and roman numerals ind ...
Fc RIIIB Gene Duplication: Evidence for Presence and Expression of
... available for testing. Table 1 shows the quantitative results of the Southern blot, obtained with a phospho-imager. For these two NA(11,21)SH(1) individuals, the ratio between the FcgRIIIB- and FcgRIIIA-specific band is 1.16 and 1.14, respectively. This is approximately three times higher than the r ...
... available for testing. Table 1 shows the quantitative results of the Southern blot, obtained with a phospho-imager. For these two NA(11,21)SH(1) individuals, the ratio between the FcgRIIIB- and FcgRIIIA-specific band is 1.16 and 1.14, respectively. This is approximately three times higher than the r ...
Analysis of aptamer sequence activity relationshipsw
... dissociation constants and the weight matrix scores.13,14 This results from a combination of noise within the SELEX process and over-selection of the best aptamers from each generation.13 It has been demonstrated that in order to construct an accurate model of DNA binding, information is required no ...
... dissociation constants and the weight matrix scores.13,14 This results from a combination of noise within the SELEX process and over-selection of the best aptamers from each generation.13 It has been demonstrated that in order to construct an accurate model of DNA binding, information is required no ...
Analysis of GDSL lipase (GLIP) family genes in rice (Oryza sativa)
... on rice chromosomes. The genes localized on duplicated chromosomal segments are connected by blue and red dashed lines. Fifteen clusters (three on chromosome 1, 2, 5 and 6, one on chromosome 3, 7 and 10) of tandemly arranged OsGILP genes are indicated in gray rectangles and duplicated-pairs in boxes ...
... on rice chromosomes. The genes localized on duplicated chromosomal segments are connected by blue and red dashed lines. Fifteen clusters (three on chromosome 1, 2, 5 and 6, one on chromosome 3, 7 and 10) of tandemly arranged OsGILP genes are indicated in gray rectangles and duplicated-pairs in boxes ...
Chromosome Structure Variations
... • When homozygous, most deletions are lethal, because most genes are necessary for life and a homozygous deletion would have zero copies of some genes. • When heterozygous, the genes on the normal homologue are hemizygous: there is only 1 copy of those genes, and thus they are expressed even if rece ...
... • When homozygous, most deletions are lethal, because most genes are necessary for life and a homozygous deletion would have zero copies of some genes. • When heterozygous, the genes on the normal homologue are hemizygous: there is only 1 copy of those genes, and thus they are expressed even if rece ...
Patchy distribution of flexible genetic elements in bacterial
... differ, depending on the scale at which a study of interest is conducted. On the ecological scale, a population is defined to be a group of individuals of the same species within the same habitat at the same time that interact with one another (Lowe et al., 2004; Waples & Gaggiotti, 2006). On the ev ...
... differ, depending on the scale at which a study of interest is conducted. On the ecological scale, a population is defined to be a group of individuals of the same species within the same habitat at the same time that interact with one another (Lowe et al., 2004; Waples & Gaggiotti, 2006). On the ev ...
The Complete Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the Donkey and
... gene may exhibit quite different relative rates of evolution in different species-pairs. Thus, in the donkey/horse comparison the NADH3 gene shows the lowest total nt difference, 6.4%. The same gene has the second-lowest difference in the comparison between the seals, 2.3%. Between the two whales th ...
... gene may exhibit quite different relative rates of evolution in different species-pairs. Thus, in the donkey/horse comparison the NADH3 gene shows the lowest total nt difference, 6.4%. The same gene has the second-lowest difference in the comparison between the seals, 2.3%. Between the two whales th ...
Identification of Vietnamese Coptotermes pest species based on the
... products could be obtained by chance at the condition we employed in this study. Therefore, for the identification of closely related Coptotermes species by 16S rRNA gene, determination of nucleotide sequences is essential. Conclusions The Coptotermes from six places in Vietnam were identified to be ...
... products could be obtained by chance at the condition we employed in this study. Therefore, for the identification of closely related Coptotermes species by 16S rRNA gene, determination of nucleotide sequences is essential. Conclusions The Coptotermes from six places in Vietnam were identified to be ...
Creating mutant flies
... Aside: Mutagenesis strategies We need mutants where every cell in the body has the same mutation Mutations in a few body cells won’t help… …instead, count on some germ cells acquiring mutations (different mutations in different cells) A few sperm carrying (different) mutations ...
... Aside: Mutagenesis strategies We need mutants where every cell in the body has the same mutation Mutations in a few body cells won’t help… …instead, count on some germ cells acquiring mutations (different mutations in different cells) A few sperm carrying (different) mutations ...
Fractals are observed in nature
... produce a unique pattern consistently over different parts of the genome of an organism. From the image generated from the chaos game, characteristics of a DNA sequence can be studied, such as finding association between two letters. The concept of fractional Brownian motion has been also applied to ...
... produce a unique pattern consistently over different parts of the genome of an organism. From the image generated from the chaos game, characteristics of a DNA sequence can be studied, such as finding association between two letters. The concept of fractional Brownian motion has been also applied to ...
Genes Identified by Visible Mutant Phenotypes Show Increased Bias
... of this dataset we also identified orthologous genes at syntenic locations in the genomes of three other grass species with published genomes: rice [7], sorghum [8], and brachypodium [9]. The evolutionary relationships of these grass species and a number of other notable grasses are shown in Figure ...
... of this dataset we also identified orthologous genes at syntenic locations in the genomes of three other grass species with published genomes: rice [7], sorghum [8], and brachypodium [9]. The evolutionary relationships of these grass species and a number of other notable grasses are shown in Figure ...
First Trimester
... Complementary Gene Action Dominant alleles on two genes interact to produce phenotype different from that seen when one gene contains recessive alleles ...
... Complementary Gene Action Dominant alleles on two genes interact to produce phenotype different from that seen when one gene contains recessive alleles ...
Comparisons of Maize pericarp color1 Alleles
... P1-wr (Zhang et al., 2000); partial sequence analysis of these clones indicated that they were derived from p2 (Zhang et al., 2003). The second class hybridizes with both probes 15 and 8B and has the 80-bp sequence in the 59 UTR sequence; thus, it appears to contain the p1 gene. Two overlapping p1-c ...
... P1-wr (Zhang et al., 2000); partial sequence analysis of these clones indicated that they were derived from p2 (Zhang et al., 2003). The second class hybridizes with both probes 15 and 8B and has the 80-bp sequence in the 59 UTR sequence; thus, it appears to contain the p1 gene. Two overlapping p1-c ...
PDF
... that of dicot genes. For example, in Gramineae genes GC content is relative high, and there is a gradient of GC content along the direction of transcription [29]. In our previous study, we investigated GC content evolution in coding regions [30]. Here we focused on GC content evolution of intronic r ...
... that of dicot genes. For example, in Gramineae genes GC content is relative high, and there is a gradient of GC content along the direction of transcription [29]. In our previous study, we investigated GC content evolution in coding regions [30]. Here we focused on GC content evolution of intronic r ...
Reverse Genetic Analysis of Terminal Ear
... to morphological defects able to be traced back to the shoot apical meristem. One MEI2-like gene has been identified in maize, while six have been identified in rice and nine in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this thesis, a programme of reverse genetic analysis has been designed to investigate if Arabidop ...
... to morphological defects able to be traced back to the shoot apical meristem. One MEI2-like gene has been identified in maize, while six have been identified in rice and nine in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this thesis, a programme of reverse genetic analysis has been designed to investigate if Arabidop ...
9 December, 2016 Regulations Review Office of the Gene
... under artificial conditions. Single nucleotide substitutions, gene deletions and sequence duplications occur in response to selection for growth under artificial conditions or due to the absence of selection maintaining gene sequences that are advantageous in vivo but not required for growth in vitr ...
... under artificial conditions. Single nucleotide substitutions, gene deletions and sequence duplications occur in response to selection for growth under artificial conditions or due to the absence of selection maintaining gene sequences that are advantageous in vivo but not required for growth in vitr ...
Tandem and segmental gene duplication and
... of the NBS, or the LRR region, or consist only of a TIRdomain. In grass species, TIR-NBS-LRR genes have not yet been identified, but the CC-type is very common [5]. In different plants, NBS-LRR loci are found both as isolated genes (singletons) and as tightly linked arrays of related genes (gene clu ...
... of the NBS, or the LRR region, or consist only of a TIRdomain. In grass species, TIR-NBS-LRR genes have not yet been identified, but the CC-type is very common [5]. In different plants, NBS-LRR loci are found both as isolated genes (singletons) and as tightly linked arrays of related genes (gene clu ...
Yeast genome evolution-the origin of the species
... be needed under certain conditions that were not studied in the laboratory [14,15]. Given that truly redundant genes are unlikely to exist and assuming that a gene is initially present in all individuals in a population, there are three circumstances that could allow it to become lost: (a) if the se ...
... be needed under certain conditions that were not studied in the laboratory [14,15]. Given that truly redundant genes are unlikely to exist and assuming that a gene is initially present in all individuals in a population, there are three circumstances that could allow it to become lost: (a) if the se ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.