Characterization of the trans-spliced transcriptome and polycistronic
... PTU there is a clear prevalence of genes that encode important cell-cycle regulators, splicing factors and mitochondrial proteins, orthologs of which are also present in nematode PTU, although transsplicing in flatworms and nematodes evolved independently. In a large number of trans-spliced genes th ...
... PTU there is a clear prevalence of genes that encode important cell-cycle regulators, splicing factors and mitochondrial proteins, orthologs of which are also present in nematode PTU, although transsplicing in flatworms and nematodes evolved independently. In a large number of trans-spliced genes th ...
chromosome disorders.
... • Most aneuploid patients have either trisomy or, less often, monosomy • Trisomy can exist for any part of the genome, but trisomy for a whole chromosome is rarely compatible with life. • Monosomy for an entire chromosome is almost always lethal; an important exception is monosomy for the X chromoso ...
... • Most aneuploid patients have either trisomy or, less often, monosomy • Trisomy can exist for any part of the genome, but trisomy for a whole chromosome is rarely compatible with life. • Monosomy for an entire chromosome is almost always lethal; an important exception is monosomy for the X chromoso ...
Repetitive complete hydatidiform mole can be biparental in origin
... While some cases of BWS are due to the presence of two copies of paternal genes, others have a normal genotype and result instead from loss or relaxation of imprinting of the maternally inherited gene (Hall, 1997). That the defect may be in the maternal, rather than paternal, genome in diploid, bipa ...
... While some cases of BWS are due to the presence of two copies of paternal genes, others have a normal genotype and result instead from loss or relaxation of imprinting of the maternally inherited gene (Hall, 1997). That the defect may be in the maternal, rather than paternal, genome in diploid, bipa ...
Pattern of diversity in the genomic region near the
... In maize (Zea mays subsp. mays), the teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene affords the opportunity to examine the connection between selection and diversity in a crop species. The tb1 gene is largely responsible for a major-effect quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 that controls differences in plant a ...
... In maize (Zea mays subsp. mays), the teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene affords the opportunity to examine the connection between selection and diversity in a crop species. The tb1 gene is largely responsible for a major-effect quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 that controls differences in plant a ...
Epigenetic memory in mammals
... indicating that most protamines were removed within 30 min following fertilization (van der Heijden et al., 2005). The histones, which associate with the paternal chromatin, are more acetylated than those already present in the maternal chromatin (Lange and Schneider, 2010). It is possible this imba ...
... indicating that most protamines were removed within 30 min following fertilization (van der Heijden et al., 2005). The histones, which associate with the paternal chromatin, are more acetylated than those already present in the maternal chromatin (Lange and Schneider, 2010). It is possible this imba ...
Chapt. 14 Eukaryotic mRNA processing I: splicing 14.1 Genes are in
... 2. Diagram the lariat mechanism of splicing. 6. Describe results of experiment showing sequence UACUAAC within yeast intron is critical for splicing 27. Describe yeast two-hybrid assay for interaction between two known proteins (ex. Fos and Jun) 28. Describe yeast two-hybrid experiment to identify u ...
... 2. Diagram the lariat mechanism of splicing. 6. Describe results of experiment showing sequence UACUAAC within yeast intron is critical for splicing 27. Describe yeast two-hybrid assay for interaction between two known proteins (ex. Fos and Jun) 28. Describe yeast two-hybrid experiment to identify u ...
Exceptionally high levels of recombination
... Scientifique, F91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; 5Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27403, USA; 6Department of Biology, University of Oulu 90014, Finland; 7Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; 8School of Life Sc ...
... Scientifique, F91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; 5Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27403, USA; 6Department of Biology, University of Oulu 90014, Finland; 7Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; 8School of Life Sc ...
巴西橡胶Pto类抗病同源序列的克隆与系统发育重建
... studied R genes (Pedley and Martin, 2003). Pto confers hypersensitive responsemediated resistance against strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that express the avirulence proteins AvrPto or Avr-PtoB (Martin et al, 1993; Kim et al, 2002). Overexpression of Pto in tomato under the control of th ...
... studied R genes (Pedley and Martin, 2003). Pto confers hypersensitive responsemediated resistance against strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that express the avirulence proteins AvrPto or Avr-PtoB (Martin et al, 1993; Kim et al, 2002). Overexpression of Pto in tomato under the control of th ...
comparing quantitative trait loci and gene expression data
... microarray study of brain tissues (Vandenbergh et al., 2006) using Affymetrix® MG-U74Av2 arrays. This array contains about 1/3 of the coding genes in the mouse genome. Briefly, the NA genes were identified as being expressed at least 1.5-fold higher in the nucleus accumbens compared to two other bra ...
... microarray study of brain tissues (Vandenbergh et al., 2006) using Affymetrix® MG-U74Av2 arrays. This array contains about 1/3 of the coding genes in the mouse genome. Briefly, the NA genes were identified as being expressed at least 1.5-fold higher in the nucleus accumbens compared to two other bra ...
Ch 15
... Because males have only one X chromosome (hemizygous), any male receiving the recessive allele from his mother will express the recessive trait. The chance of a female inheriting a double dose of the mutant allele is much less than the chance of a male inheriting a single dose. Therefore, male ...
... Because males have only one X chromosome (hemizygous), any male receiving the recessive allele from his mother will express the recessive trait. The chance of a female inheriting a double dose of the mutant allele is much less than the chance of a male inheriting a single dose. Therefore, male ...
Quantitative trait locus dissection in congenic strains of the Goto
... DTT, and 500 g of oligo-dT primer poly-d(T)12–18. Residual RNA was removed by Escherichia coli RNase H. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was performed using a Rotor-Gene 3000 system (Corbett Research, Milton, UK) using the QuantiTest SYBR Green PCR kit (Qiagen). First-strand cDNA from each indi ...
... DTT, and 500 g of oligo-dT primer poly-d(T)12–18. Residual RNA was removed by Escherichia coli RNase H. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was performed using a Rotor-Gene 3000 system (Corbett Research, Milton, UK) using the QuantiTest SYBR Green PCR kit (Qiagen). First-strand cDNA from each indi ...
Evolutionary consequences of polyploidy in prokaryotes and the
... inheritance. In the lab, this obstacle can be partially overcome by ongoing strong selection against homozygotes [12, 31], although such selection tends to become exceedingly wasteful with increasing number of heterozygous loci under selection. Modeling implies that partial specialization of genome ...
... inheritance. In the lab, this obstacle can be partially overcome by ongoing strong selection against homozygotes [12, 31], although such selection tends to become exceedingly wasteful with increasing number of heterozygous loci under selection. Modeling implies that partial specialization of genome ...
Chapter 12 Recombinant DNA Technology Key Concepts
... its DNA sequence examined directly. Indeed, it seemed impossible to isolate an individual gene from the genome. Although it is relatively easy to isolate DNA from living tissue, DNA in a test tube looks like a glob of mucus. How could it be possible to isolate a single gene from this tangled mass o ...
... its DNA sequence examined directly. Indeed, it seemed impossible to isolate an individual gene from the genome. Although it is relatively easy to isolate DNA from living tissue, DNA in a test tube looks like a glob of mucus. How could it be possible to isolate a single gene from this tangled mass o ...
From Molecular Systems to Simple Cells: a - TBI
... In any living organism, phenotype refers to the physical, organizational and behavioral expression during its lifetime. Genotype refers to a heritable repository of information that instructs the production of molecules whose interactions, in conjunction with the environment, generate and maintain t ...
... In any living organism, phenotype refers to the physical, organizational and behavioral expression during its lifetime. Genotype refers to a heritable repository of information that instructs the production of molecules whose interactions, in conjunction with the environment, generate and maintain t ...
Differential Gene Expression in the Gastrula of Xenopus Laevis
... Gastrula mRNA separate from Maternal mRNA Gradually disappear after Gastrula; Implication that it has little preceding stages. Some increase in concentration. ...
... Gastrula mRNA separate from Maternal mRNA Gradually disappear after Gastrula; Implication that it has little preceding stages. Some increase in concentration. ...
Potential of promotion of alleles by genome editing for improving
... • Or we could be bolder – Explicit utilization of de-novo mutations – Higher recombination rate ...
... • Or we could be bolder – Explicit utilization of de-novo mutations – Higher recombination rate ...
Slide 1
... How does Segway work? • Goal is to segment the genome into sub-classes. In each case, the tools identify certain data properties that subsets of the genome. Based on the groupings, the presence of known features (e.g. transcription start regions) is scored to suggest the functional meaning of the c ...
... How does Segway work? • Goal is to segment the genome into sub-classes. In each case, the tools identify certain data properties that subsets of the genome. Based on the groupings, the presence of known features (e.g. transcription start regions) is scored to suggest the functional meaning of the c ...
14 Phylogenomic Approach to the Evolutionary Dynamics of Gene
... 611,441 genes from 39 species, including 25 mammals, Gallus gallus, Xenopus tropicalis, five fish, six invertebrates, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There are 17,487 annotated chicken (Gallus gallus) genes in the Ensembl database, 13,649 (78%) of which belong to one of the 7785 gene trees. To study g ...
... 611,441 genes from 39 species, including 25 mammals, Gallus gallus, Xenopus tropicalis, five fish, six invertebrates, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There are 17,487 annotated chicken (Gallus gallus) genes in the Ensembl database, 13,649 (78%) of which belong to one of the 7785 gene trees. To study g ...
DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER - THE MODEL ORGANISM OF
... as linear arrays on the chromosomes grew directly from their research, as did the demonstration of recombination between homologous chromosomes and the chromosomal basis of sex determination (Sturtevant, 1965). But beyond these theoretical contributions, the genetic tools evolved from these studies ...
... as linear arrays on the chromosomes grew directly from their research, as did the demonstration of recombination between homologous chromosomes and the chromosomal basis of sex determination (Sturtevant, 1965). But beyond these theoretical contributions, the genetic tools evolved from these studies ...
Plants` Epigenetic Secrets
... There are three different types of DNA methylation in plants: CG, CHH (where H is any base except G), and CHG. In Arabidopsis, CG methylation is found on some genes, but primarily on repeat sequences that make up transposons, as well as other repeat sequences in the genome. CHH methylation is found ...
... There are three different types of DNA methylation in plants: CG, CHH (where H is any base except G), and CHG. In Arabidopsis, CG methylation is found on some genes, but primarily on repeat sequences that make up transposons, as well as other repeat sequences in the genome. CHH methylation is found ...
Patient with syndromic cleft lip-palate, mosaic karyotype and
... Objective. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) is a common congenital abnormality involving genetic and non-genetic factors in its etiology. Although many studies have been made to find the genetic pattern of this malformation, there is still no precise answer. There have been suggested sev ...
... Objective. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) is a common congenital abnormality involving genetic and non-genetic factors in its etiology. Although many studies have been made to find the genetic pattern of this malformation, there is still no precise answer. There have been suggested sev ...
A novel DNA modification by sulphur
... The dnd locus consists of five open reading frames (ORFs) The 8026 bp region of pHZ1904, presumed to carry the entire dnd gene cluster, was sequenced (Gene bank Accession number DQ075322), and five ORFs were identified (designated dndA–E, Fig. 1). The G+C content of the cluster is 65.65%, somewhat l ...
... The dnd locus consists of five open reading frames (ORFs) The 8026 bp region of pHZ1904, presumed to carry the entire dnd gene cluster, was sequenced (Gene bank Accession number DQ075322), and five ORFs were identified (designated dndA–E, Fig. 1). The G+C content of the cluster is 65.65%, somewhat l ...
Mutation Is Random
... The tendency is for students to revert back to the idea that there are differences in rate among genes because some genes are more important than others. Once students have a general idea, they should try to draw a graph that summarizes their perspective. For example, if their idea is that genes var ...
... The tendency is for students to revert back to the idea that there are differences in rate among genes because some genes are more important than others. Once students have a general idea, they should try to draw a graph that summarizes their perspective. For example, if their idea is that genes var ...
Figure 15 - GEP Community Server
... header) is selected and the diagram will only show the motif instances that were used to construct each motif. Because we have previously specified in our search parameters that we expect to find zero or one instance of each motif within each sequence, each sequence in the block diagram will contain ...
... header) is selected and the diagram will only show the motif instances that were used to construct each motif. Because we have previously specified in our search parameters that we expect to find zero or one instance of each motif within each sequence, each sequence in the block diagram will contain ...
Insights into three whole-genome duplications gleaned
... reads (see Methods). The genome assembly which comprises 30.5 Mb (including estimated gaps) is composed of 1,202 scaffolds, 274 of which have lengths >2 kb and 96 of which are >50 kb (Table S1). This is less than half the genome size of all members of the P. aurelia complex that have been sequenced ...
... reads (see Methods). The genome assembly which comprises 30.5 Mb (including estimated gaps) is composed of 1,202 scaffolds, 274 of which have lengths >2 kb and 96 of which are >50 kb (Table S1). This is less than half the genome size of all members of the P. aurelia complex that have been sequenced ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.