The evolutionary history of human chromosome 7
... segments, the authors concluded that these segmental duplications are of recent evolutionary origin. Their data indicated that a p47– phox-containing segment first duplicated locally and then some copies were distributed to three locations on chromosome 7 by inversion events. This would imply that t ...
... segments, the authors concluded that these segmental duplications are of recent evolutionary origin. Their data indicated that a p47– phox-containing segment first duplicated locally and then some copies were distributed to three locations on chromosome 7 by inversion events. This would imply that t ...
MICROBIAL GENETICS-III UGc - E
... have dCTP, UTP and dTTP (equivalent to TTP). 5_-Mono and -diphosphates are abbreviated as, for example, AMP and dGDP. Nucleoside 5_-triphosphates (NTPs), or deoxynucleoside 5_-triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of the polymeric nucleic acids. In the course of DNA or RNA synthesis, two pho ...
... have dCTP, UTP and dTTP (equivalent to TTP). 5_-Mono and -diphosphates are abbreviated as, for example, AMP and dGDP. Nucleoside 5_-triphosphates (NTPs), or deoxynucleoside 5_-triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of the polymeric nucleic acids. In the course of DNA or RNA synthesis, two pho ...
Human karyotype
... Stabilize chromosome movement during cell division Site where chromosome attaches to spindle Acentric chromosome: Chromosome that lacks a centromere; segregates abnormally in mitosis or meiosis. Dicentric chromosome: Chromosome with two centromeres; unstable, usually breaks during cell division. ...
... Stabilize chromosome movement during cell division Site where chromosome attaches to spindle Acentric chromosome: Chromosome that lacks a centromere; segregates abnormally in mitosis or meiosis. Dicentric chromosome: Chromosome with two centromeres; unstable, usually breaks during cell division. ...
Effects of Salt Concentrations and Bending Energy on the Extent of
... therefore a measure of the stressed state of the DNA, due to both its crowding and bending. It has recently been shown that this force can be determined by experiments in which osmotic pressure is employed to inhibit the ejection (6). The results of these studies are consistent with the predictions ...
... therefore a measure of the stressed state of the DNA, due to both its crowding and bending. It has recently been shown that this force can be determined by experiments in which osmotic pressure is employed to inhibit the ejection (6). The results of these studies are consistent with the predictions ...
Gene mapping and medical genetics Human chromosome 8
... use in cardiac disease. Since chromosome 8 represents about 5% of the human genome, we may expect it to carry about 5% of human gene loci. This would correspond to about 90 of the fully validated phenotypes in the MIM7 catalogue.' The 27 genes assigned to chromosome 8 at the Ninth Human Gene Mapping ...
... use in cardiac disease. Since chromosome 8 represents about 5% of the human genome, we may expect it to carry about 5% of human gene loci. This would correspond to about 90 of the fully validated phenotypes in the MIM7 catalogue.' The 27 genes assigned to chromosome 8 at the Ninth Human Gene Mapping ...
Origin and evolution of Y chromosomes: Drosophila tales
... genomes provides an opportunity to study the origin and evolution of Y chromosomes in an informative phylogenetic context. Surprisingly, the majority of Drosophila Y-linked genes are recent acquisitions from autosomes and Y chromosome gene gains are more frequent than gene losses. Moreover, the Dros ...
... genomes provides an opportunity to study the origin and evolution of Y chromosomes in an informative phylogenetic context. Surprisingly, the majority of Drosophila Y-linked genes are recent acquisitions from autosomes and Y chromosome gene gains are more frequent than gene losses. Moreover, the Dros ...
Databases_what_and_w..
... come from the DNA via RNA. • Changes in DNA cause changes in proteins. • Changes in proteins cause changes in phenotypes. ...
... come from the DNA via RNA. • Changes in DNA cause changes in proteins. • Changes in proteins cause changes in phenotypes. ...
Genome partitioning of genetic variation for complex traits using
... by a part of the genome is approximately proportional to the total length of DNA contained within genes therein. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the discovery of hundreds of marker loci that are associated with complex traits, including disease and quantitative phenotypes1, yet fo ...
... by a part of the genome is approximately proportional to the total length of DNA contained within genes therein. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the discovery of hundreds of marker loci that are associated with complex traits, including disease and quantitative phenotypes1, yet fo ...
Deconstructing the Genome: DNA at High Resolution
... hemoglobins readily release their oxygen to cells, which have an even lower level of oxygen than any source of the gas. After birth, when oxygen is abundantly available in the lungs, adult hemoglobin, with its more relaxed kinetics of oxygen binding, allows for the most efficient pickup and delivery ...
... hemoglobins readily release their oxygen to cells, which have an even lower level of oxygen than any source of the gas. After birth, when oxygen is abundantly available in the lungs, adult hemoglobin, with its more relaxed kinetics of oxygen binding, allows for the most efficient pickup and delivery ...
MOLECULAR PROFILING OF RICE (Oryza sativa L
... variation in the genes underlying these traits. By using DNA markers to assist in plant breeding, efficiency and precision could be greatly increased. The use of DNA markers in plant breeding is called markerassisted selection (MAS) and is a component of the new discipline of ‘molecular breeding’. P ...
... variation in the genes underlying these traits. By using DNA markers to assist in plant breeding, efficiency and precision could be greatly increased. The use of DNA markers in plant breeding is called markerassisted selection (MAS) and is a component of the new discipline of ‘molecular breeding’. P ...
Evolution of the Actin Gene Family in Testate Lobose Amoebae
... We estimate that the actin gene family contains 40–50 paralogous members in each lineage. None of the three independent lineages share the same paralog with another, and divergence between actins reaches 29% in contrast to just 2% in SSU-rDNA. Analyses of effective number of codons (ENC), compositio ...
... We estimate that the actin gene family contains 40–50 paralogous members in each lineage. None of the three independent lineages share the same paralog with another, and divergence between actins reaches 29% in contrast to just 2% in SSU-rDNA. Analyses of effective number of codons (ENC), compositio ...
Erp, an extracellular protein family specific to
... smegmatis and M. xenopi and the selected recombinant plasmids were sequenced. The DNA sequences were assembled and the deduced amino acid sequences were shown to contain repeated sequences based on the PGLTS motif, as already described for the M. tuberculosis and M. leprae proteins. Fig. 1 shows a s ...
... smegmatis and M. xenopi and the selected recombinant plasmids were sequenced. The DNA sequences were assembled and the deduced amino acid sequences were shown to contain repeated sequences based on the PGLTS motif, as already described for the M. tuberculosis and M. leprae proteins. Fig. 1 shows a s ...
Targeted gene inactivation in Clostridium phytofermentans shows
... cellulosic biomass. The different roles of these hydrolases could be uncovered by targeted gene inactivation. Although cellulolytic clostridia have been studied for decades, targeted mutagenesis in these organisms has remained challenging, likely due to highly active DNases and inefficient homologo ...
... cellulosic biomass. The different roles of these hydrolases could be uncovered by targeted gene inactivation. Although cellulolytic clostridia have been studied for decades, targeted mutagenesis in these organisms has remained challenging, likely due to highly active DNases and inefficient homologo ...
Adaptive Evolution of Proteins Secreted during Sperm Maturation
... comparisons of dN and dS (Kosakovsky Pond and Muse 2005). We used a 2-rate fixed-effects likelihood (FEL) model developed by Kosakovsky Pond and Frost (2005), as implemented in the program HYPHY (Kosakovsky Pond et al. 2005) version 0.9920070619beta to compare dN and dS in a likelihood framework. Th ...
... comparisons of dN and dS (Kosakovsky Pond and Muse 2005). We used a 2-rate fixed-effects likelihood (FEL) model developed by Kosakovsky Pond and Frost (2005), as implemented in the program HYPHY (Kosakovsky Pond et al. 2005) version 0.9920070619beta to compare dN and dS in a likelihood framework. Th ...
Evolution of a pseudo-control region in the mitochondrial genome of
... might stay for longer and occasionally interbreed with B. oreophilus cannot be excluded. In the present study we tried to elucidate the unresolved phylogeny of B. buteo and its relatives in a molecular approach. Analyses of mitochondrial (mt) sequences of the genus Buteo have not yet been extensivel ...
... might stay for longer and occasionally interbreed with B. oreophilus cannot be excluded. In the present study we tried to elucidate the unresolved phylogeny of B. buteo and its relatives in a molecular approach. Analyses of mitochondrial (mt) sequences of the genus Buteo have not yet been extensivel ...
DNA Hybridization: A Decade of Molecular Discourse in Hominoid
... Laying the Ground Work: What's old, What's new in Hominoid Phylogeny? There are two common methods used to reconstruct hominoid phylogeny: the classical anatomical methods, and the biomolecular or genetic methods. The anatomical method focuses on the implications of individual homologies. This metho ...
... Laying the Ground Work: What's old, What's new in Hominoid Phylogeny? There are two common methods used to reconstruct hominoid phylogeny: the classical anatomical methods, and the biomolecular or genetic methods. The anatomical method focuses on the implications of individual homologies. This metho ...
Codon bias domains over bacterial chromosomes
... Selection based on the rarity of the codon in the host genome is slightly significant (p=0.018 before Bonferroni correction) Selection based on the difference of frequencies of codon usage between phage and host is highly significant (p<2.10-7) The tRNA duplication hypothesis has to be rejected ...
... Selection based on the rarity of the codon in the host genome is slightly significant (p=0.018 before Bonferroni correction) Selection based on the difference of frequencies of codon usage between phage and host is highly significant (p<2.10-7) The tRNA duplication hypothesis has to be rejected ...
BROWSING GENES AND GENOMES WITH ENSEMBL
... 8 Go to the Ensembl homepage (http://www.ensembl.org/). 8 Click on the ‘BioMart’ link on the toolbar. ... or if you are already in BioMart: 8 Click the [New] button on the toolbar. 8 Choose the ‘Ensembl Genes 69’ database. 8 Choose the ‘Homo sapiens genes (GRCh37.p8)’ dataset. 8 Click on ‘Filt ...
... 8 Go to the Ensembl homepage (http://www.ensembl.org/). 8 Click on the ‘BioMart’ link on the toolbar. ... or if you are already in BioMart: 8 Click the [New] button on the toolbar. 8 Choose the ‘Ensembl Genes 69’ database. 8 Choose the ‘Homo sapiens genes (GRCh37.p8)’ dataset. 8 Click on ‘Filt ...
Comparative Genetics of Nucleotide Binding Site
... Identification of novel tomato resistance gene homologues and pseudogenes: NBS-containing genomic sequences were created by amplification of total tomato DNA using degenerate PCR primers described in Table 1. Fragments of an average 500–700-bp size were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the ...
... Identification of novel tomato resistance gene homologues and pseudogenes: NBS-containing genomic sequences were created by amplification of total tomato DNA using degenerate PCR primers described in Table 1. Fragments of an average 500–700-bp size were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the ...
Genetics - Michael
... crops and domesticated animals. In many early cultures, including those that were the precursors of some of today’s countries, the priests and royal families kept detailed records of lineages and bloodlines in order to establish a hierarchy of power. In the process, they also discovered that some tr ...
... crops and domesticated animals. In many early cultures, including those that were the precursors of some of today’s countries, the priests and royal families kept detailed records of lineages and bloodlines in order to establish a hierarchy of power. In the process, they also discovered that some tr ...
Около 722 тысяч серверов, кроме нашего имеют URL
... endosymbionts of insects, Blochmannia occurs exclusively within eukaryotic cells and has experienced long-term vertical transmission through host lineages. In this study, PFGE was used to estimate the genome size of Blochmannia as approximately 800 kb, which is significantly smaller than its free-li ...
... endosymbionts of insects, Blochmannia occurs exclusively within eukaryotic cells and has experienced long-term vertical transmission through host lineages. In this study, PFGE was used to estimate the genome size of Blochmannia as approximately 800 kb, which is significantly smaller than its free-li ...
Deletion of a conserved noncoding sequence in Plzf intron leads to
... Noncoding Sequences Because there is no solid evidence of presence of transcription activity other than the three above-mentioned genes in the 177-kb segment (Fig. 4A, see RefSeq and spliced expressed sequence tag tracks), and there is also no miRNA gene (data not shown), we set to find the potential ...
... Noncoding Sequences Because there is no solid evidence of presence of transcription activity other than the three above-mentioned genes in the 177-kb segment (Fig. 4A, see RefSeq and spliced expressed sequence tag tracks), and there is also no miRNA gene (data not shown), we set to find the potential ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.