Complex III
... Most of them have a bound heme b molecule and this subunit is often called cytochrome b. All of the membrane subunits have a Q binding site positioned near the interior surface of the membrane at the point where the head subunits are in contact with the membrane subunits. The sequence of reaction ...
... Most of them have a bound heme b molecule and this subunit is often called cytochrome b. All of the membrane subunits have a Q binding site positioned near the interior surface of the membrane at the point where the head subunits are in contact with the membrane subunits. The sequence of reaction ...
HIV-1 Vpr-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion proteins
... proteins R1-42CAT, R1-80CAT, R1-88CAT and R1488CAT are packaged into virions at various levels as compared with the wild-type Vpr (Figure 1b, upper right panel, lanes 10 and 12; 14–16). In contrast, the CAT protein and the fusion protein R1-62CAT were not detected in the virions even though they wer ...
... proteins R1-42CAT, R1-80CAT, R1-88CAT and R1488CAT are packaged into virions at various levels as compared with the wild-type Vpr (Figure 1b, upper right panel, lanes 10 and 12; 14–16). In contrast, the CAT protein and the fusion protein R1-62CAT were not detected in the virions even though they wer ...
Cis-trans peptide variations in structurally similar proteins.
... Based on the residue occupancies at the two positions, cis peptides can have different tendencies to go to the trans state. To study the relationship of amino acid types with the stability of the cis conformation, we calculated the percentage of residues undergoing cistrans variations. Figure 5 giv ...
... Based on the residue occupancies at the two positions, cis peptides can have different tendencies to go to the trans state. To study the relationship of amino acid types with the stability of the cis conformation, we calculated the percentage of residues undergoing cistrans variations. Figure 5 giv ...
Slide 1
... 3.11 Proteins are made from amino acids linked by peptide bonds Proteins are – involved in nearly every dynamic function in your body and – very diverse, with tens of thousands of different proteins, each with a specific structure and function, in the human body. ...
... 3.11 Proteins are made from amino acids linked by peptide bonds Proteins are – involved in nearly every dynamic function in your body and – very diverse, with tens of thousands of different proteins, each with a specific structure and function, in the human body. ...
Document
... • If a molecule can bind to another site on the enzyme (besides active site) and stop enzyme function, it is an allosteric inhibitor • Can disrupt the 3D shape of enzyme molecule so active site cannot accept substrate • Can be reversible or irreversible ...
... • If a molecule can bind to another site on the enzyme (besides active site) and stop enzyme function, it is an allosteric inhibitor • Can disrupt the 3D shape of enzyme molecule so active site cannot accept substrate • Can be reversible or irreversible ...
Cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding acidophilic amylase
... again at 40000 g for 30 min and proteins of the cleared medium were precipitated at 0 "C for 30 min by slow addition of (NHk),SO, to a final concentration of 70% (w/v). The precipitate was collected by centrifugation at 10000g for 20 min. The pellet was dissolved in 20 mM-Bis-Tris (pH 5.8), applied ...
... again at 40000 g for 30 min and proteins of the cleared medium were precipitated at 0 "C for 30 min by slow addition of (NHk),SO, to a final concentration of 70% (w/v). The precipitate was collected by centrifugation at 10000g for 20 min. The pellet was dissolved in 20 mM-Bis-Tris (pH 5.8), applied ...
proteins
... • rich in other B-complex vitamins and lactose • dried whey is available in shops (esp. fitness centres) ...
... • rich in other B-complex vitamins and lactose • dried whey is available in shops (esp. fitness centres) ...
Supplementary Online Materials
... (A) Comparison of the TM1 helices within Nrf1, Nrf3, CncC and Skn-1. The -helices of NHB1-CNC factors were wheeled using the HeliQuest programme. Some of the polar and charged amino acids in the membrane-spanning helices enable an intramolecular interaction between TM1 and other semihydrophobic and ...
... (A) Comparison of the TM1 helices within Nrf1, Nrf3, CncC and Skn-1. The -helices of NHB1-CNC factors were wheeled using the HeliQuest programme. Some of the polar and charged amino acids in the membrane-spanning helices enable an intramolecular interaction between TM1 and other semihydrophobic and ...
... The transition state is stabilized by two methods: a) a decrease in entropy due to the pre-arrangement of catalytic residues in the active site. For example the catalytic triad in serine proteases (Ser, His, Asp) or the two Asp residues in HIV protease. b) By forming direct interactions between the ...
Developmentally regulated, alternative splicing of the Rpn10 gene
... processes, including cell cycle, apoptosis, signal transduction, development and the immune response (Hershko and Ciechanover, 1998; Tanaka and Kasahara, 1998; Schwartz and Ciechanover, 1999). Protein ubiquitylation is catalyzed by a multi-enzymatic system consisting of E1 (Ub-activating), E2 (Ubcon ...
... processes, including cell cycle, apoptosis, signal transduction, development and the immune response (Hershko and Ciechanover, 1998; Tanaka and Kasahara, 1998; Schwartz and Ciechanover, 1999). Protein ubiquitylation is catalyzed by a multi-enzymatic system consisting of E1 (Ub-activating), E2 (Ubcon ...
The Complement of Protein Phosphatase
... Of the 112 Arabidopsis phosphatase candidates, there is a preponderance (69) of PP2Cs, only one PTP, 23 STs, 18 DSPs, and one LMW-PTP. Some sequences, in several phosphatase classes, achieved high scores in database searches (either by profile analysis or by repetitive family BLAST analyses), but la ...
... Of the 112 Arabidopsis phosphatase candidates, there is a preponderance (69) of PP2Cs, only one PTP, 23 STs, 18 DSPs, and one LMW-PTP. Some sequences, in several phosphatase classes, achieved high scores in database searches (either by profile analysis or by repetitive family BLAST analyses), but la ...
... This six page exam contains 100 pts. Allot 1 min/2 pnts. 1. (5 pts) Please do one of the following three choices: Choice A: In very general terms, how does the structure, or arrangement, of atoms in an object (e.g. a protein in a crystal) affect the scattering of X-rays. Choice B: Briefly describe t ...
Full-Text PDF
... Several families of transcription factors have been reported to be involved in plant defense against pathogens. Among the most studied during the last decade are the WRKY transcription factors and MYB transcription factors; in addition, a few studies have reported the role of transcription factors c ...
... Several families of transcription factors have been reported to be involved in plant defense against pathogens. Among the most studied during the last decade are the WRKY transcription factors and MYB transcription factors; in addition, a few studies have reported the role of transcription factors c ...
Topological studies suggest that the pathway of the protons through
... TID-reactive residues in F0• The labeling profilein Fig. 58 was obtaincd after reaction with Neurospora crassa mitochondria in the presence of an oligomycin concentration 10-fold higher than necessary for maximal inhibition. The identical group of residues was TID-reactive in the presence and in the ...
... TID-reactive residues in F0• The labeling profilein Fig. 58 was obtaincd after reaction with Neurospora crassa mitochondria in the presence of an oligomycin concentration 10-fold higher than necessary for maximal inhibition. The identical group of residues was TID-reactive in the presence and in the ...
3 Cell Communication and Multicellularity
... many signals. However, it responds to only some of them, because no cell makes receptors for all signals. A receptor protein recognizes its signal very specifically, in much the same way that a membrane transport protein recognizes and binds to the substance it transports. This specificity ensures t ...
... many signals. However, it responds to only some of them, because no cell makes receptors for all signals. A receptor protein recognizes its signal very specifically, in much the same way that a membrane transport protein recognizes and binds to the substance it transports. This specificity ensures t ...
1 Engineering Lipases with an Expanded Genetic Code - Wiley-VCH
... genetically engineered to express several microbial lipases, have been developed for use as whole-cell biocatalysts in biodiesel production and enantioselective transesterification [31, 32]. ...
... genetically engineered to express several microbial lipases, have been developed for use as whole-cell biocatalysts in biodiesel production and enantioselective transesterification [31, 32]. ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... In an earlier study we identified a secreted, flavonoidinducible, Sym plasmid (pRLlJI)-dependent protein of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae with an apparent molecular size of 50 kilodaltons (kDa) (3). Production of this protein was greatly enhanced in the presence of multiple copies of the nodD gene. ...
... In an earlier study we identified a secreted, flavonoidinducible, Sym plasmid (pRLlJI)-dependent protein of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae with an apparent molecular size of 50 kilodaltons (kDa) (3). Production of this protein was greatly enhanced in the presence of multiple copies of the nodD gene. ...
Enzyme from Banana (Musa sp.) Extraction Procedures for Sensitive
... can be feasible joining both benefits of crude extract and pure enzymes. For that result, several procedures of extraction and semi purification of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme from banana (Musa sp.) were studied. The results showed that cleaned enzymatic extracts presented higher specific activi ...
... can be feasible joining both benefits of crude extract and pure enzymes. For that result, several procedures of extraction and semi purification of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme from banana (Musa sp.) were studied. The results showed that cleaned enzymatic extracts presented higher specific activi ...
Formate Dehydrogenase, an Enzyme of Anaerobic Metabolism, Is
... spots C, D, G, and V had previously been observed to increase during Fe deficiency (Mori et al., 1988; Suzuki et al., 1995), but the W, X, and Y spots were newly identified in this study. Amino Acid Sequences of Each Protein Among the seven proteins with increased concentrations in Fe-deficient root ...
... spots C, D, G, and V had previously been observed to increase during Fe deficiency (Mori et al., 1988; Suzuki et al., 1995), but the W, X, and Y spots were newly identified in this study. Amino Acid Sequences of Each Protein Among the seven proteins with increased concentrations in Fe-deficient root ...
SACE2 Chemistry Workbook Sample Chapter
... Hydrogenation is a process that changes unsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides into saturated compounds. The process was first used in the 1890s by American chemist James F Boyce Senior. Boyce mixed powdered nickel with a heated sample of cottonseed oil before bubbling hydrogen gas into the mixtu ...
... Hydrogenation is a process that changes unsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides into saturated compounds. The process was first used in the 1890s by American chemist James F Boyce Senior. Boyce mixed powdered nickel with a heated sample of cottonseed oil before bubbling hydrogen gas into the mixtu ...
Skodova-Euk-Cell-2013
... 2.5% 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.0025% bromophenol blue), incubated for 30 min at 37°C, and loaded on an SDS-PAGE gel or immediately used for the determination of enzymatic activities. Western blot analyses. Digitonin-extracted fractions were separated on 12% SDS-PAGE gels and blotted onto nitrocellulose m ...
... 2.5% 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.0025% bromophenol blue), incubated for 30 min at 37°C, and loaded on an SDS-PAGE gel or immediately used for the determination of enzymatic activities. Western blot analyses. Digitonin-extracted fractions were separated on 12% SDS-PAGE gels and blotted onto nitrocellulose m ...
Antibody measurements in mice sera using recombinant CII peptides
... plate (Pierce ThermoScientific). The concentrations of the rCII were calculated using the BCA protein assay (ThermoScientific). The purified rCII peptides were analyzed in 4-12 % bis-tris gels (Novex, Invitrogen). Peptides rCII-28 and rCII-71 were subsequently transferred to a polyvinylidene fluorid ...
... plate (Pierce ThermoScientific). The concentrations of the rCII were calculated using the BCA protein assay (ThermoScientific). The purified rCII peptides were analyzed in 4-12 % bis-tris gels (Novex, Invitrogen). Peptides rCII-28 and rCII-71 were subsequently transferred to a polyvinylidene fluorid ...
Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits by
... these DNA-derived sequences are slightly different from the Nterminal sequence of the "aggregated gliadin" subunit (LMWGS) described by Shewry et al (1983) and the N-terminal sequence of a major LMW-GS reported by Kasarda et al (1988). Tao and Kasarda (1989) found this latter sequence to be the majo ...
... these DNA-derived sequences are slightly different from the Nterminal sequence of the "aggregated gliadin" subunit (LMWGS) described by Shewry et al (1983) and the N-terminal sequence of a major LMW-GS reported by Kasarda et al (1988). Tao and Kasarda (1989) found this latter sequence to be the majo ...
AP Biology - Richfield Public Schools
... electrons, protons and neutrons. Draw an electron shell diagram for each atom, label the valence electrons and identify how many bonds this atom can make. Using the structural formula draw a molecule of these atoms bonded together to complete their valence electrons. (Hint: you may have to use m ...
... electrons, protons and neutrons. Draw an electron shell diagram for each atom, label the valence electrons and identify how many bonds this atom can make. Using the structural formula draw a molecule of these atoms bonded together to complete their valence electrons. (Hint: you may have to use m ...
Western blot
The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native proteins by 3-D structure or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide. The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocellulose or PVDF), where they are stained with antibodies specific to the target protein. The gel electrophoresis step is included in western blot analysis to resolve the issue of the cross-reactivity of antibodies.There are many reagent companies that specialize in providing antibodies (both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) against tens of thousands of different proteins. Commercial antibodies can be expensive, although the unbound antibody can be reused between experiments. This method is used in the fields of molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines. A number of search engines, such as CiteAb, Antibodypedia, and SeekProducts, are available that can help researchers find suitable antibodies for use in western blotting.Other related techniques include dot blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry where antibodies are used to detect proteins in tissues and cells by immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The method originated in the laboratory of Harry Towbin at the Friedrich Miescher Institute. The name western blot was given to the technique by W. Neal Burnette and is a play on the name Southern blot, a technique for DNA detection developed earlier by Edwin Southern. Detection of RNA is termed northern blot and was developed by George Stark at Stanford.