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Nanoparticle drug vectors in a bloodstream, theoretical study of
Nanoparticle drug vectors in a bloodstream, theoretical study of

... Recent advances in nanotechnologies have led to a wide use of nanoparticles in biomedical applications. In some cases, interaction of nanoscale objects with biomolecules such as proteins could lead to hazardous consequences like abnormal conformational changes or unusual cooperative effects such as ...
Gel Electrophoresis - Sam Houston State University
Gel Electrophoresis - Sam Houston State University

... After the run, these bands can be examined only after an appropriate dye or imaging/development technique is used. A tracking dye can be added in the buffer to visualize the mobility front to help decide when to stop the run. If pre-stained standards are used their bands can be seen as the electrop ...
glossary of technical terms
glossary of technical terms

... a biological macromolecule that acts as a catalyst. Most enzymes are proteins, but certain RNAs, called ribozymes, also have catalytic activity ...
2_4 Slides
2_4 Slides

... But before they are functional, they must fold into specific structures based on the order / structure of their amino acid sequence. Remember, different amino acids have different chemical properties (i.e. polar / hydrophilic, non-polar / hydrophobic, +/charged, sulfur-containing, carbon rings, etc. ...
Workshop VIII Fungal Cell Factories Chair: Cees van den Hondel 183
Workshop VIII Fungal Cell Factories Chair: Cees van den Hondel 183

... few hyphae secrete the protein. From these observations we believe that the production of a certain enzyme can be improved by increasing the number of hyphae that secrete it. This can be done by expressing glucoamylase behind promoters that are active in hyphae normally not expressing this enzyme. W ...
Lecture 9: Cell signaling
Lecture 9: Cell signaling

... First, phosphorylation of tyrosines within the kinase domain increases the kinase activity Second, phosphorylation of tyrosines outside the kinase domain creates high-affinity binding sites for the binding of other signaling proteins ...
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bchm6280_lect5_16

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Folds

... protein “salting in” results from protein-counter ion binding and the consequently higher net protein charge and solvation; it occurs where the protein has little net charge near its pI primarily by weakly hydrated anions. protein solubility is minimal at the pI (net charge is zero), below or above ...
The Chemistry of Life
The Chemistry of Life

... a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous ...
Homeostasis – process by which an organisms
Homeostasis – process by which an organisms

... concentration to an area of low concentration from your lungs to your blood to your cells.  As chemical reactions in the cell use up oxygen they produce _______________________.  The concentration of CO2 inside the cell increases so that more CO2 is inside of the cell.  Therefore CO2 ____________ ...
Symmetry in Protein Structures
Symmetry in Protein Structures

... 3. Why build Large Symmetrical Oligomeric Proteins? If large oligomeric proteins are very common then there must be some selective advantage driving the evolution of monomeric species into large oligomers; and some driving forces making them symmetric. There are many reasons in making proteins large ...
Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies

... They can then be cultured indefinitely in a suitable growing medium. – Monoclonal antibodies are useful for 3 reasons: • They are totally uniform (i.e. clones). • They can be produced in large quantities. • They are highly specific. ...
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evidence for evolution notes

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Copper(II) - Sigma
Copper(II) - Sigma

... 6. Dihazi, H., et al., One-step purification of recombinant yeast 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase after the identification of contaminants by MALDI-TOF MS. Protein Expr. Purif., 21(1), 201-209 (2001). 7. Fernandes, S., et al., Affinity extraction of dye- and metal ion-binding proteins in polyvinylpyrrolido ...
Characterization and prediction of drug binding sites in proteins
Characterization and prediction of drug binding sites in proteins

... •We were able to distinguish between real & non-biological binding sites without using computationally expensive energy functions or evolutionary conservation. •It is not possible to distinguish between binding sites with PatchDock alone. •Using the combination of simple and computationally “cheap” ...
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Packet 2- Chemistry of Life

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Bacterial Structures Capsule or Glycocalyx FLAGELLA TYPES OF

... phosphate complex). Substance transported is altered. (eg. Phosphate is added to glucose and phosphorylated glucose cannot be transported back out of cell) • Proton motive force: High concentration of H+ outside of membrane accumulates during metabolism and can be used to transport substances. ...
The 18-kD Protein That Binds to the Chloroplast DNA
The 18-kD Protein That Binds to the Chloroplast DNA

... raised against highly purified native beef heart NADHubiquinone oxidoreductase was provided for this purpose. As shown in Figure 4 (lane 3), this antibody reacted with the 18-kD band as well as with several other bands of higher molecular weight on a protein blot prepared from a high-salt extract of ...
Important Factors Influencing Protein Solubility for 2-D - Bio-Rad
Important Factors Influencing Protein Solubility for 2-D - Bio-Rad

... elevate the pH. However, different proteins are soluble at different pH values, so the use of a different buffer can result in a different set of proteins being extracted. The choice of buffer and pH of the sample preparation solution can therefore have a strong influence on the proteins that show u ...
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6. 3-D structure of proteins

Mt - PetfoodIndustry
Mt - PetfoodIndustry

... study tested casein's effect on the GFR and the results showed that casein did not increase GFR significantly. This study also gives further evidence that a whole protein could offer dogs with reduced renal function and normal renal function, a healthy alternative to soy, corn, and other vegetable p ...
MJFF Alpha-Synuclein Protein Request Form
MJFF Alpha-Synuclein Protein Request Form

... Investigators from non-profit and for-profit entities may request aliquots of any of the Parkinson’s disease-relevant proteins, generated with support from The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research: ...
aLFQ: an R-package for estimating absolute protein quantities from
aLFQ: an R-package for estimating absolute protein quantities from

... protein quantification is the use of stable isotope-labeled standard (SIS) peptides or proteins in precisely determined concentrations (Brun et al., 2009). These standards are spiked into the biological sample of interest and the absolute concentration of the endogenous peptides, and proteins can di ...
Serum Protein Electrophoresis – What is it
Serum Protein Electrophoresis – What is it

... New onset normocytic anemia associated with renal insufficiency or bone pain Unexplained pathologic fracture or lytic lesion(s) on radiograph Back pain in older patient and plasma cell myeloma is suspected Hypercalcemia attributed to possible malignancy Renal insufficiency with associated elevated s ...
Structural comparison of three viral fusion proteins
Structural comparison of three viral fusion proteins

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Western blot



The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native proteins by 3-D structure or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide. The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocellulose or PVDF), where they are stained with antibodies specific to the target protein. The gel electrophoresis step is included in western blot analysis to resolve the issue of the cross-reactivity of antibodies.There are many reagent companies that specialize in providing antibodies (both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) against tens of thousands of different proteins. Commercial antibodies can be expensive, although the unbound antibody can be reused between experiments. This method is used in the fields of molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines. A number of search engines, such as CiteAb, Antibodypedia, and SeekProducts, are available that can help researchers find suitable antibodies for use in western blotting.Other related techniques include dot blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry where antibodies are used to detect proteins in tissues and cells by immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The method originated in the laboratory of Harry Towbin at the Friedrich Miescher Institute. The name western blot was given to the technique by W. Neal Burnette and is a play on the name Southern blot, a technique for DNA detection developed earlier by Edwin Southern. Detection of RNA is termed northern blot and was developed by George Stark at Stanford.
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