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... 1. The c subunit of the F0 base were assembled into a ring that resides within the lipid bilayer. 2. The c ring is physically bound to the γsubunit of the stalk. 3. The “downhill” movement of protons through the membrane drives the rotation of the ring of c subunit. 4. The rotation of the c ring of ...
... 1. The c subunit of the F0 base were assembled into a ring that resides within the lipid bilayer. 2. The c ring is physically bound to the γsubunit of the stalk. 3. The “downhill” movement of protons through the membrane drives the rotation of the ring of c subunit. 4. The rotation of the c ring of ...
3.3 teacher Notes
... • DNA molecules act as “instructions” for the processes of an organism’s life. • DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other. • RNA also interacts with DNA to help decode the information. • Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information. ...
... • DNA molecules act as “instructions” for the processes of an organism’s life. • DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other. • RNA also interacts with DNA to help decode the information. • Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information. ...
Thermostability of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion
... staining, before and after trypsin digestion (Fig. 2). Wildtype FTM{ sedimented mainly in fractions 5–6, although trailing towards higher-density fractions was also observed. After trypsin digestion, there was a clear shift in the sedimentation profile of FTM{ towards fractions of higher sucrose den ...
... staining, before and after trypsin digestion (Fig. 2). Wildtype FTM{ sedimented mainly in fractions 5–6, although trailing towards higher-density fractions was also observed. After trypsin digestion, there was a clear shift in the sedimentation profile of FTM{ towards fractions of higher sucrose den ...
Lipid–protein interactions probed by electron crystallography
... head group from this lipid in turn forms a salt bridge with the side chain amine from lysine 40 on bR. At the threefold axis of bR, three PM lipids were observed to plug the central cavity on the extracellular side. The head groups of these three central lipids are vertically lower by 5 Å than the ...
... head group from this lipid in turn forms a salt bridge with the side chain amine from lysine 40 on bR. At the threefold axis of bR, three PM lipids were observed to plug the central cavity on the extracellular side. The head groups of these three central lipids are vertically lower by 5 Å than the ...
Ro52: Structure and interactions of constructs of RING and B-box
... The ubiquitination process is vital to maintain the protein homeostasis in the cell. With high specificity it regulates degradation of proteins by tagging them with a small protein called ubiquitin. Four proteins are involved to perform the process and in this thesis one of these proteins is studied ...
... The ubiquitination process is vital to maintain the protein homeostasis in the cell. With high specificity it regulates degradation of proteins by tagging them with a small protein called ubiquitin. Four proteins are involved to perform the process and in this thesis one of these proteins is studied ...
The peptide bond is rigid and planar
... • The β−α−β motif can in principle have two "hands." • (a) This connection with the helix above the sheet is found in almost all proteins and is called right-handed because it has the same hand as a right-handed α helix. • (b) The left-handed connection with the helix below the sheet. ...
... • The β−α−β motif can in principle have two "hands." • (a) This connection with the helix above the sheet is found in almost all proteins and is called right-handed because it has the same hand as a right-handed α helix. • (b) The left-handed connection with the helix below the sheet. ...
Organic Chemistry Notes Powerpoint
... Saturated means that all the carbon bonds are taken. They are solid at room temperature and bad for you. Unsaturated means that there is at least one double bond with the carbon. They are liquid at room temp. and are better for you. ...
... Saturated means that all the carbon bonds are taken. They are solid at room temperature and bad for you. Unsaturated means that there is at least one double bond with the carbon. They are liquid at room temp. and are better for you. ...
PERG Survey (2007) Bottlenecks in Protein Expression The goal of
... Are there other questions or issues that you would like to see covered in future surveys or presentations? 1. What are approaches for higher throughput? 2. End uses of proteins and typical scale of work 3. What tags do people use? 4. What depth of characterization is required? 5. What systems do peo ...
... Are there other questions or issues that you would like to see covered in future surveys or presentations? 1. What are approaches for higher throughput? 2. End uses of proteins and typical scale of work 3. What tags do people use? 4. What depth of characterization is required? 5. What systems do peo ...
The 92-kDa chitinase from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis contains a
... protease unit was defined as the amount of enzyme which yields an E540 of 1.0 per hour. Activity against chromogenic substrates was tested in 25 mM glycine/sodium hydroxide buffer (pH 9.0) containing 0.5 mM substrate at 37°C. One unit was defined as the amount of enzyme which releases 1 /xmol 4-nitr ...
... protease unit was defined as the amount of enzyme which yields an E540 of 1.0 per hour. Activity against chromogenic substrates was tested in 25 mM glycine/sodium hydroxide buffer (pH 9.0) containing 0.5 mM substrate at 37°C. One unit was defined as the amount of enzyme which releases 1 /xmol 4-nitr ...
BR22, a 26 kDa thyroid transcription factor-1 associated protein
... polyclonal antibody to TAP26 also detects a 34 kDa polypeptide on the SDS-PAGE gel (data not shown). Controls using anti-HA mAb (12C5), which has the same isotype as mAb42, did not develop a signal at the size of TAP26. This result suggests that the signal detected by mAb42 is specific to TAP26. Onl ...
... polyclonal antibody to TAP26 also detects a 34 kDa polypeptide on the SDS-PAGE gel (data not shown). Controls using anti-HA mAb (12C5), which has the same isotype as mAb42, did not develop a signal at the size of TAP26. This result suggests that the signal detected by mAb42 is specific to TAP26. Onl ...
Exam questions used in the past
... This page contains a randomly selected series of exam questions that we have used in the past in real exams, and that you should be able to answer by now. Exam questions used in the past: 1. A colleague has sequenced a novel gene. He comes to you and asks for help. What do you do first and why? ...
... This page contains a randomly selected series of exam questions that we have used in the past in real exams, and that you should be able to answer by now. Exam questions used in the past: 1. A colleague has sequenced a novel gene. He comes to you and asks for help. What do you do first and why? ...
Lecture 13 Electrophoresis (Part-I)
... SDS where as resolving gel buffer contains Tris pH 8.8, SDS and the pore size is large compared to the resolving gel. The mobility of chloride ion presen in the buffer is more than the protein in the sample. The glycine moves slower than the protein sample and as a result protein sample get sandwich ...
... SDS where as resolving gel buffer contains Tris pH 8.8, SDS and the pore size is large compared to the resolving gel. The mobility of chloride ion presen in the buffer is more than the protein in the sample. The glycine moves slower than the protein sample and as a result protein sample get sandwich ...
organic compounds
... reaction – A fat contains one glycerol linked to three fatty acids – Fats are often called triglycerides because of their structure – Lipids give more energy than carbohydrates and proteins because they have more H atoms. ...
... reaction – A fat contains one glycerol linked to three fatty acids – Fats are often called triglycerides because of their structure – Lipids give more energy than carbohydrates and proteins because they have more H atoms. ...
Making worms that glow in the dark
... Johnson, published a paper describing the purification of "aequorin", the “chemiluminescent” protein that they thought was responsible for the bioluminescent properties of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. In the paper, they also noted the existence of a companion protein that exhibits a very bright, ...
... Johnson, published a paper describing the purification of "aequorin", the “chemiluminescent” protein that they thought was responsible for the bioluminescent properties of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. In the paper, they also noted the existence of a companion protein that exhibits a very bright, ...
Mass spectrometry and the search for moonlighting proteins
... functions. In some cases, the two functions are very different, as in PHGPx (glutathione peroxidase), a soluble enzyme that is also a sperm structural protein (Ursini et al., 1999). In other proteins, the two functions appear to be more closely related, such as the PMS2 DNA mismatch repair enzyme th ...
... functions. In some cases, the two functions are very different, as in PHGPx (glutathione peroxidase), a soluble enzyme that is also a sperm structural protein (Ursini et al., 1999). In other proteins, the two functions appear to be more closely related, such as the PMS2 DNA mismatch repair enzyme th ...
Co-enzyme
... • Enzymes are substrate specific – The substrate fits like a key in a lock – When the substrate and enzyme are joined the catalytic action of the enzyme converts the substrate to product • The specificity of an enzyme for a substrate results from the shape of the enzyme –due to a compatible fit ...
... • Enzymes are substrate specific – The substrate fits like a key in a lock – When the substrate and enzyme are joined the catalytic action of the enzyme converts the substrate to product • The specificity of an enzyme for a substrate results from the shape of the enzyme –due to a compatible fit ...
What Are Enzymes?
... • One or more molecules called SUBSTRATES chemically bond to the enzyme’s active site. • When joined they are called an ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX • Changes in how the atoms are bonded occur resulting in new molecules being made called PRODUCTS . • Products are then released from the active site. ...
... • One or more molecules called SUBSTRATES chemically bond to the enzyme’s active site. • When joined they are called an ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX • Changes in how the atoms are bonded occur resulting in new molecules being made called PRODUCTS . • Products are then released from the active site. ...
mnw2yr_lec16_2004
... multidomain proteins. Not a surprise since: – Structural domain boundaries will not always coincide with sequence domain boundaries – Proteins must have some domain shuffling ...
... multidomain proteins. Not a surprise since: – Structural domain boundaries will not always coincide with sequence domain boundaries – Proteins must have some domain shuffling ...
testosterone
... 7 - Determine from a periodic chart the number of neutrons, protons, electrons, and electron shells in an atom or ion of any element. 8 - Describe and distinguish between the following types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, hydrogen. 9 - Discuss the properties of water, including polarity of the ...
... 7 - Determine from a periodic chart the number of neutrons, protons, electrons, and electron shells in an atom or ion of any element. 8 - Describe and distinguish between the following types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent, hydrogen. 9 - Discuss the properties of water, including polarity of the ...
Document
... Digestive Enzymes: are used in the lumen of the GI tract to break down complex molecules into absorbable subunits Enzymes are biological catalysts which increase the rate of a chemical reaction without themselves becoming part of the product: ...
... Digestive Enzymes: are used in the lumen of the GI tract to break down complex molecules into absorbable subunits Enzymes are biological catalysts which increase the rate of a chemical reaction without themselves becoming part of the product: ...
Recombinant Human NAD Kinase/NADK|C270|NADK_Human
... NAD kinase, also known as Poly(P)/ATP NAD kinase, NADK, is an enzyme which Belongs to the NAD kinase family. It is widely expressed but not detected in skeletal muscle. NADK converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) into NADP+, through phosphorylating the NAD+ coenzyme. NADP+ is an essential ...
... NAD kinase, also known as Poly(P)/ATP NAD kinase, NADK, is an enzyme which Belongs to the NAD kinase family. It is widely expressed but not detected in skeletal muscle. NADK converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) into NADP+, through phosphorylating the NAD+ coenzyme. NADP+ is an essential ...
Nutrition and Athletic Performance
... in fat and fiber to facilitate gastric emptying and minimize gastrointestinal distress, be relatively high in carbohydrate to maximize maintenance of blood glucose, be moderate in protein, be composed of familiar foods, and be well tolerated by the athlete. ...
... in fat and fiber to facilitate gastric emptying and minimize gastrointestinal distress, be relatively high in carbohydrate to maximize maintenance of blood glucose, be moderate in protein, be composed of familiar foods, and be well tolerated by the athlete. ...
Western blot
The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native proteins by 3-D structure or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide. The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocellulose or PVDF), where they are stained with antibodies specific to the target protein. The gel electrophoresis step is included in western blot analysis to resolve the issue of the cross-reactivity of antibodies.There are many reagent companies that specialize in providing antibodies (both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) against tens of thousands of different proteins. Commercial antibodies can be expensive, although the unbound antibody can be reused between experiments. This method is used in the fields of molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines. A number of search engines, such as CiteAb, Antibodypedia, and SeekProducts, are available that can help researchers find suitable antibodies for use in western blotting.Other related techniques include dot blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry where antibodies are used to detect proteins in tissues and cells by immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The method originated in the laboratory of Harry Towbin at the Friedrich Miescher Institute. The name western blot was given to the technique by W. Neal Burnette and is a play on the name Southern blot, a technique for DNA detection developed earlier by Edwin Southern. Detection of RNA is termed northern blot and was developed by George Stark at Stanford.