The Promise of Artificial Intelligence
... The cause of many misconceptions about AI, particularly its potential harms, is the difference between weak AI and strong AI. Weak AI, which is the focus of this report, is adept at performing particular types of tasks, but only those types of tasks—somewhat like a technological savant.12 For exampl ...
... The cause of many misconceptions about AI, particularly its potential harms, is the difference between weak AI and strong AI. Weak AI, which is the focus of this report, is adept at performing particular types of tasks, but only those types of tasks—somewhat like a technological savant.12 For exampl ...
context-based representation of intelligent behavior in training
... This article presents, describes and evaluates a novel behavior representation paradigm that can effectively and efficiently be used to model the behavior of intelligent entities in a simulation. Called Context-based Reasoning (CxBR), this paradigm is designed to be applicable whenever simulation of ...
... This article presents, describes and evaluates a novel behavior representation paradigm that can effectively and efficiently be used to model the behavior of intelligent entities in a simulation. Called Context-based Reasoning (CxBR), this paradigm is designed to be applicable whenever simulation of ...
What is Approximate Reasoning? - CORE Scholar
... stands for the error in the answer x, assuming that y would be the correct answer. For all x ∈ X we assume e(x, x) = 0, but we place no further constraints on e. It will be determined by the problem under investigation, though a suitable example could be 1 − f , where f is the f-measure as known fro ...
... stands for the error in the answer x, assuming that y would be the correct answer. For all x ∈ X we assume e(x, x) = 0, but we place no further constraints on e. It will be determined by the problem under investigation, though a suitable example could be 1 − f , where f is the f-measure as known fro ...
Solving Deductive Planning Problems Using Program
... equational theory, which requires a non-standard unification procedure in conjunction with an extended resolution principle called SLDE-resolution [8, 13]. In this paper, we follow an alternative direction and investigate a particular program where a unification algorithm for our special equational ...
... equational theory, which requires a non-standard unification procedure in conjunction with an extended resolution principle called SLDE-resolution [8, 13]. In this paper, we follow an alternative direction and investigate a particular program where a unification algorithm for our special equational ...
A Bayesian network primer
... Bayesian networks form a subclass of graphical models that is using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) instead of more general graphs to represent a probability distribution and optionally the causal structure of the domain. In an intuitive causal interpretation, the nodes represent the uncertain quanti ...
... Bayesian networks form a subclass of graphical models that is using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) instead of more general graphs to represent a probability distribution and optionally the causal structure of the domain. In an intuitive causal interpretation, the nodes represent the uncertain quanti ...
artificial intelligence planning for generative computer aided process
... The basic idea of the algorithm is to fully generate the graph representing the search space, and then to search for a solution within it. Using the initial state description, the actions schemas available and the goals to be achieved, the graph is generated from the initial state to the goals, inse ...
... The basic idea of the algorithm is to fully generate the graph representing the search space, and then to search for a solution within it. Using the initial state description, the actions schemas available and the goals to be achieved, the graph is generated from the initial state to the goals, inse ...
船井情報科学振興財団 留学報告書 2015 年 06 月 川口賢司 Kenji
... laboratory. Building 20 was a temporary building used during WWII. When Stata was first designed the architect wanted to carry on the “innovative and serendipitous spirt” of Building 20. (http://web.mit.edu/facilities/ construction/completed/stata.html) The current shape of Stata looks rather ...
... laboratory. Building 20 was a temporary building used during WWII. When Stata was first designed the architect wanted to carry on the “innovative and serendipitous spirt” of Building 20. (http://web.mit.edu/facilities/ construction/completed/stata.html) The current shape of Stata looks rather ...
Curriculum Vitae - University of Pittsburgh School of Law
... Dissertation: “Modeling Legal Argument: Reasoning with Cases and Hypotheticals”, describing my design and development of Hypo, a program that performs case-based reasoning and models legal reasoning in the domain of trade secrets law. Hypo employs a Case Knowledge Base of actual legal cases to make ...
... Dissertation: “Modeling Legal Argument: Reasoning with Cases and Hypotheticals”, describing my design and development of Hypo, a program that performs case-based reasoning and models legal reasoning in the domain of trade secrets law. Hypo employs a Case Knowledge Base of actual legal cases to make ...
Reducing the Effects of Stereotype Threat on African American
... increasing evidence that in part because of stereotype threat, African Americans are more prone than their White counterparts to disidentify from academics (e.g., Major & Schmader, 1998; Osbourne, 1995; Steele et al., in press). Because identification with academics is assumed to be crucial for succ ...
... increasing evidence that in part because of stereotype threat, African Americans are more prone than their White counterparts to disidentify from academics (e.g., Major & Schmader, 1998; Osbourne, 1995; Steele et al., in press). Because identification with academics is assumed to be crucial for succ ...
Towards common-sense reasoning via conditional
... capture the essence of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, each major areas in modern AI.1 In Sections 5 and 7 we will return to Turing’s writings on these matters. One major area of Turing’s contributions, while often overlooked, is statistics. In fact, Turing, along with I. J. Go ...
... capture the essence of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, each major areas in modern AI.1 In Sections 5 and 7 we will return to Turing’s writings on these matters. One major area of Turing’s contributions, while often overlooked, is statistics. In fact, Turing, along with I. J. Go ...
Logical Modes of Attack in Argumentation Networks
... We are now ready for our second approach, namely giving logical content to nodes. Assume we are using a certain logic L. L can be monotonic, nonmonotonic, algorithmic, etc. At this stage anything will do. This logic has the notion of formulas A of the logic, theories ∆ of the logic and the notion of ...
... We are now ready for our second approach, namely giving logical content to nodes. Assume we are using a certain logic L. L can be monotonic, nonmonotonic, algorithmic, etc. At this stage anything will do. This logic has the notion of formulas A of the logic, theories ∆ of the logic and the notion of ...
A Clustering Algorithm for Recombinant Jazz
... composition reemerged. Lejaren Hiller and Leonard Isaacson wrote programs for ILLIAC, the first computer, which composed the Illiac Suite for String Quartet in 1956 [Cope 2001]. [Xenakis 1971], [Ames, et al. 1992], and [Cope 2001], among others, created programs to compose music in several styles, i ...
... composition reemerged. Lejaren Hiller and Leonard Isaacson wrote programs for ILLIAC, the first computer, which composed the Illiac Suite for String Quartet in 1956 [Cope 2001]. [Xenakis 1971], [Ames, et al. 1992], and [Cope 2001], among others, created programs to compose music in several styles, i ...
A reasoning model based on the production of acceptable arguments
... quantified with a degree in [0, 1]. In particular, it should be possible to assess the reason why a fact holds, in the form of arguments, and combine these arguments to evaluate the certainty. Indeed, the process of combination may be viewed as a kind of reasoning about the arguments in order to det ...
... quantified with a degree in [0, 1]. In particular, it should be possible to assess the reason why a fact holds, in the form of arguments, and combine these arguments to evaluate the certainty. Indeed, the process of combination may be viewed as a kind of reasoning about the arguments in order to det ...
Parameterized Splitting: A Simple Modification
... for argumentation and logic programming. Generalizations for the latter have been investigated in depth in [11]. In fact, Janhunen et al. describe an entire rather impressive module theory for logic programs based on modules consisting of rules together with input, output and hidden variables. To a ...
... for argumentation and logic programming. Generalizations for the latter have been investigated in depth in [11]. In fact, Janhunen et al. describe an entire rather impressive module theory for logic programs based on modules consisting of rules together with input, output and hidden variables. To a ...
Computing point-of-view - MIT Media Lab
... through machine readings of egocentric (self-revealing, selfdescribing) texts and 3) organizing the model into coherency; and for 4) animating point-of-view placed inside interactive artifacts such as virtual mentors by causing the artifact to judge and react to a very broad range of things placed ...
... through machine readings of egocentric (self-revealing, selfdescribing) texts and 3) organizing the model into coherency; and for 4) animating point-of-view placed inside interactive artifacts such as virtual mentors by causing the artifact to judge and react to a very broad range of things placed ...
A Rule-Based Expert System for Mineral Identification
... There are about 3,000 different types of minerals, and new ones are constantly discovered. Most of them are not known to professional mineral collectors, because they are rare, have no economic purpose, and for the most part do not make good specimens [17]. Application of computer in mineral identif ...
... There are about 3,000 different types of minerals, and new ones are constantly discovered. Most of them are not known to professional mineral collectors, because they are rare, have no economic purpose, and for the most part do not make good specimens [17]. Application of computer in mineral identif ...
Soarian™ User Interface
... • Evaluating how the person is affected by the robot’s gaze and behavior is difficult. • Does the person get bored or frustrated? • Does the user consider the robot helpful and effective? • Is the robot trusted to perform its intended tasks? • Challenges • Unintended uses of the robot • Unintended s ...
... • Evaluating how the person is affected by the robot’s gaze and behavior is difficult. • Does the person get bored or frustrated? • Does the user consider the robot helpful and effective? • Is the robot trusted to perform its intended tasks? • Challenges • Unintended uses of the robot • Unintended s ...
Cognitive architectures
... are used to characterize the behavior of a high-dimensional system with a low-dimensional model which is one of the features that distinguishes dynamical systems from connectionist systems. In contrary to connectionist systems which describe the dynamics in a very high-dimensional space, dynamical m ...
... are used to characterize the behavior of a high-dimensional system with a low-dimensional model which is one of the features that distinguishes dynamical systems from connectionist systems. In contrary to connectionist systems which describe the dynamics in a very high-dimensional space, dynamical m ...
Learning from Observations
... function and the environment can be termed emergent behaviours. • Some particularly int eresting emergent behav iours occu r w hen several agents are placed in the same environment. – The act ions of each individu al agent changes the environm ent w hich the other agents perceive; – So they potentia ...
... function and the environment can be termed emergent behaviours. • Some particularly int eresting emergent behav iours occu r w hen several agents are placed in the same environment. – The act ions of each individu al agent changes the environm ent w hich the other agents perceive; – So they potentia ...
Converging on the Divergent: - Computational Creativity Group
... As a forum for computational research in creativity, the IJWCC attracts both top-down and bottomup approaches to creative behavior. Top-down approaches are those that tackle a complex problem such as art generation or music composition in its entirety, albeit at a level of achievement that leaves mu ...
... As a forum for computational research in creativity, the IJWCC attracts both top-down and bottomup approaches to creative behavior. Top-down approaches are those that tackle a complex problem such as art generation or music composition in its entirety, albeit at a level of achievement that leaves mu ...
Intermediate Features Improve Incremental Analogical Mapping Mark Alan Finlayson Patrick Henry Winston
... elements may naturally be more informative and might be profitably used for certain sorts of cognitive tasks, such as object identification or precedent retrieval. We call these descriptive elements intermediate features because the evidence suggests that the most informative features are those of a ...
... elements may naturally be more informative and might be profitably used for certain sorts of cognitive tasks, such as object identification or precedent retrieval. We call these descriptive elements intermediate features because the evidence suggests that the most informative features are those of a ...
Stages of Cognitive Development in Uncertain-Logic
... what type of entity it is (a metalogical knowledge annotation). An example of a weight attached to an Atom is a number representing a probability, or a number representing how important the Atom is to the system. In the framework introduced in the previous section, Novamente’s content representation ...
... what type of entity it is (a metalogical knowledge annotation). An example of a weight attached to an Atom is a number representing a probability, or a number representing how important the Atom is to the system. In the framework introduced in the previous section, Novamente’s content representation ...
6pp - Stanford University
... • But perhaps imitating humans is really the wrong metric when it comes to thinking about intelligence. It is true that humans possess abilities (language, vision, motor control) which currently surpass the best machines, but on the other hand, machines clearly possess many advantages over humans (e ...
... • But perhaps imitating humans is really the wrong metric when it comes to thinking about intelligence. It is true that humans possess abilities (language, vision, motor control) which currently surpass the best machines, but on the other hand, machines clearly possess many advantages over humans (e ...
Philosophy of artificial intelligence
The philosophy of artificial intelligence attempts to answer such questions as: Can a machine act intelligently? Can it solve any problem that a person would solve by thinking? Are human intelligence and machine intelligence the same? Is the human brain essentially a computer? Can a machine have a mind, mental states and consciousness in the same sense humans do? Can it feel how things are?These three questions reflect the divergent interests of AI researchers, cognitive scientists and philosophers respectively. The scientific answers to these questions depend on the definition of ""intelligence"" and ""consciousness"" and exactly which ""machines"" are under discussion.Important propositions in the philosophy of AI include:Turing's ""polite convention"": If a machine behaves as intelligently as a human being, then it is as intelligent as a human being. The Dartmouth proposal: ""Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it."" Newell and Simon's physical symbol system hypothesis: ""A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means of general intelligent action."" Searle's strong AI hypothesis: ""The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds."" Hobbes' mechanism: ""Reason is nothing but reckoning.""↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑