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Flag = draft v1.0
Flag = draft v1.0

... discovered: drugs that decrease the number of VPB, and electrical shock (“DC conversion”) that can stop VT or VF and restore normal rhythm. DC conversion became a current procedure to treat VT and VF complicating AMI in the coronary care units. Since the mid 80s, DC conversion facilities are availab ...
Hospital brochure - LMA™ Better by design
Hospital brochure - LMA™ Better by design

... The plug forms a seal with the nostril preventing expulsion of fluid. ...
Medicines and Driving
Medicines and Driving

... can make driving safer and more comfortable in many medical conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, arthritis, depression and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder. It is important to take your medication as instructed by your doctor. It is also important not to stop taking your medication wi ...
ISATX247: a novel calcineurin inhibitor
ISATX247: a novel calcineurin inhibitor

... Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressive agent due to its preferential effect on T-cell mediated reactions. Chronic treatment with CsA is associated with serious doserelated adverse effects, of which nephrotoxicity is of primary concern. Investigators at Isotechnika Inc., have develop ...
What CATIE Found: Results From the Schizophrenia Trial
What CATIE Found: Results From the Schizophrenia Trial

... the trial, consenting patients were randomly assigned to receive olanzapine, perphenazine, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone for up to 18 months on a double-blind basis. Patients with tardive dyskinesia were excluded from being randomly assigned to perphenazine and were assigned to one of the ...
Choosing a Statin to Lower Cholesterol
Choosing a Statin to Lower Cholesterol

... There is HDL (good) cholesterol and LDL (bad) cholesterol. If you have too much LDL cholesterol, it can build up on the walls of blood vessels. This build-up can clog the blood vessels and lead to a heart attack or stroke. ...
Wine, alcohol, polyphenols and cardiovascular disease
Wine, alcohol, polyphenols and cardiovascular disease

... adult sudden deaths are related to an overdose of alcohol, especially in those who suffer from a subclinical cardiomyopathy [24]. On the other hand, the main chronic effects of maintained high ethanol intake on the cardiovascular system are dilated cardiomyopathy and arterial hypertension. The devel ...
1: gastro-intestinal system
1: gastro-intestinal system

... Synthetic tertiary amines generally cause less central stimulation than the naturally-occurring alkaloids. Quaternary ammonium compounds do not cross the blood-brain barrier in any significant amount, and accordingly do not have any central effects.1 They are also less well absorbed from the GI tract ...
Adverse Side Effects in Horses Following the Administration of
Adverse Side Effects in Horses Following the Administration of

... dystonia (i.e., abrupt onset, sometimes bizarre muscular spasms affecting mainly the musculature of the head and neck), and akathisia (inner restlessness, compulsion to move).12,16,18 Typical antipsychotics, such as fluphenazine, have a higher affinity for dopamine D2 receptors than dopamine and as ...
Numbers-needed-to-treat analysis: an explanation using
Numbers-needed-to-treat analysis: an explanation using

... indicated that there were differences in terms of efficacy between different atypicals and between some atypical and typical agents that could not be explained by high doses of the typicals. This metaanalysis was noteworthy for both its size and its independence of the pharmaceutical industry. CATIE ...
Urine Drug Screening: Practical Guide for Clinicians
Urine Drug Screening: Practical Guide for Clinicians

... Alcohol, a substance legal for adults in the United States to ingest, is the most widely used substance of intoxication in the world.7 It is rapidly metabolized in the human body. Approximately 90% to 95% is oxidized in the liver by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase and the microsomal ethanol-oxidi ...
What is a peptide?
What is a peptide?

... Sustained release of degarelix via gel formation Degarelix, a potent peptide self-depoting GnRH receptor blocker ...
SYLLABUS FOR B. PHARM. - All India Council For Technical
SYLLABUS FOR B. PHARM. - All India Council For Technical

... All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) established as a statutory body by the Government of India through Act No.52 of 1987 has been broadly vested with the responsibility of coordinated and integrated development of technical education in the country. ...
3-Hydroxy-N-Methylpyrrolidone and Use as
3-Hydroxy-N-Methylpyrrolidone and Use as

... with HCl gas, the methanol is removed and methyl-2,4 improved effects as a penetration enhancer when incor dibromobutyrate is removed as a pale yellow liquid. porated into a transdermal formulation. As mentioned In a second step of the reaction, the methyl-2,4 dibromobutyrate is reacted with methyla ...
Urine Drug Screening: Practical Guide for Clinicians
Urine Drug Screening: Practical Guide for Clinicians

... Alcohol, a substance legal for adults in the United States to ingest, is the most widely used substance of intoxication in the world.7 It is rapidly metabolized in the human body. Approximately 90% to 95% is oxidized in the liver by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase and the microsomal ethanol-oxidi ...
estimation of percent purity of alprazolam tablet of different market
estimation of percent purity of alprazolam tablet of different market

... Alprazolam UV spectrophotometric method was performed. Solution of Alprazolam in 0.5N HCl shows maximum absorbance at 263nm.The percentage of Alprazolam in tablets was 99.5, 99.6, 99.8, and 98.9. Keywords: Alprazolam, UV Spectroscopy, Estimation, Tablets, -------------------------------------------- ...
Chronic Nonmalignant Pain Treatment
Chronic Nonmalignant Pain Treatment

... Central analgesic MOA – weak mu receptor agonist and weak NE and SE reuptake inhibition Synergy between mechanisms Useful in neuropathic pain Start low and increase dose to tolerance Dizziness, vertigo, GI, headache Avoid use in seizure risk patient Abuse liability and recently a controlled substanc ...
How fast and how often: The pharmacokinetics of drug use are
How fast and how often: The pharmacokinetics of drug use are

... profile of a drug can produce different effects even when the same amount of drug reaches the brain. In other words, “how fast” and “how often” can be more important than “how much” in determining functional outcome. This principle is at the core of the present review. The general principles that wi ...
Zolpidem Vitabalans film
Zolpidem Vitabalans film

... Benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine similar agents may induce anterograde amnesia. The condition occurs most often several hours after ingesting the medicine. In order to reduce the risk, patients should ensure that they will be able to have an uninterrupted sleep of 8 hours (see section 4.8). Toleran ...
Suggestion from clinicians
Suggestion from clinicians

... 120 % in plasma concentrations in healthy volunteers [44]. Similarly, such inhibition was found most likely to increase the total exposure of etravirine by 41 % after a single dose of etravirine 100 mg and multipledose omeprazole, an effect that was not observed with multiple-dose ranitidine [46]. T ...
Clinical development fact sheet
Clinical development fact sheet

... days) was used as the active reference. The study was completed in December of 2012, after having enrolled 84 subjects with CDAD. The results of the Phase II study indicate that the effect of all doses of cadazolid were numerically similar to, or better than vancomycin on key endpoints including CDA ...
Managing weight gain as a side effect of
Managing weight gain as a side effect of

... lb after 6 months of therapy. Whether or not these findings can be generalized to community patients is unclear. ■ SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS Weight gain is less likely with SSRIs when they are used for 6 months or less. There are diverse opinions about whether increases in body weight ...
controlled substance - University of Minnesota
controlled substance - University of Minnesota

... > First Degree Sale: Minn. Stat. § 152.021 Subd. 1 – The crime of First-Degree sale criminalizes sales of (1) ten grams or more of mixtures containing cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine, (2) 50 grams or more of one or more mixtures containing a narcotic drug other than cocaine, heroin, or methamphe ...
herbal medicines and interactions with anesthetic agents
herbal medicines and interactions with anesthetic agents

... 10) In a safety conscious nation, wide advertising and use of the word “safe” is made in connection with herbs and nutritional substitutes. 11) Many herbs do exert beneficial effects. It is estimated that approximately 20% of the adult population in the United States, take herbal medicines, megavita ...
The Top 6 June specials 2015
The Top 6 June specials 2015

... The most common side effects seen with midodrine are piloerection (goose bumps), pruritus and paraesthesia (particularly of the scalp), urinary retention or urgency, and supine hypertension. The longer-term efficacy and safety of midodrine has not been assessed in the RCTs, nor has its effect on act ...
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Psychopharmacology



Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, ""breath, life, soul""; φάρμακον, pharmakon, ""drug""; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in consciousness and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties, focusing primarily on the chemical interactions with the brain.Psychoactive drugs interact with particular target sites or receptors found in the nervous system to induce widespread changes in physiological or psychological functions. The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as ""drug action"", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as ""drug effect"". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.
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