Reinforcing behavioral variability: An analysis of dopamine
... Ward et al. (2006) reported that D-amphetamine increased variability in pigeons when a single, pre-defined response sequence was reinforced. This drug had little effect, however, on the high variability seen when variability was reinforced explicitly. Daily administration of D-amphetamine increased v ...
... Ward et al. (2006) reported that D-amphetamine increased variability in pigeons when a single, pre-defined response sequence was reinforced. This drug had little effect, however, on the high variability seen when variability was reinforced explicitly. Daily administration of D-amphetamine increased v ...
Aspirin/Dipyridamole
... Capsule: Dipyridamole extended release 200 mg/Aspirin 25 mg Efficacy: Aggrenox has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the prevention of secondary stroke and TIA in patients who have had a stroke or TIA. The clinical effects of its two antiplatelet agents are additive and significantly better than eit ...
... Capsule: Dipyridamole extended release 200 mg/Aspirin 25 mg Efficacy: Aggrenox has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the prevention of secondary stroke and TIA in patients who have had a stroke or TIA. The clinical effects of its two antiplatelet agents are additive and significantly better than eit ...
UCSF Nalbuphine monograph July 2013 FINAL
... Treatment Options: For opioid induced pruritus, typical first line agents include antihistamines given at high doses as they ...
... Treatment Options: For opioid induced pruritus, typical first line agents include antihistamines given at high doses as they ...
Toxicity of Nutmeg (Myristicin): A Review
... Abstract— In this paper a detailed review of myristicin is reported. Numerous literatures report that myristicin is responsible for hallucinogenic effects, which induced by the consumption of nutmeg due to its metabolism structure of 3-methoxy-4,5methylendioxyamphetamine (MMDA). Minimum dosage of nu ...
... Abstract— In this paper a detailed review of myristicin is reported. Numerous literatures report that myristicin is responsible for hallucinogenic effects, which induced by the consumption of nutmeg due to its metabolism structure of 3-methoxy-4,5methylendioxyamphetamine (MMDA). Minimum dosage of nu ...
File - Developing Anaesthesia
... monitoring is not required - therefore avoids the need for repeated blood tests to monitor activity, and adjust dosages that warfarin therapy requires. ...
... monitoring is not required - therefore avoids the need for repeated blood tests to monitor activity, and adjust dosages that warfarin therapy requires. ...
Pharmacological Approaches to Fat Loss: Targeting
... The assertion that beta-agonists such as clenbuterol and ephedrine have no anabolic effects in humans is premature. There is a large difference in the dosages normally given to animals (4 mg/kg) as compared to humans (up to 40 µg/day). Slow release Salbutamol has been shown to increase voluntary mus ...
... The assertion that beta-agonists such as clenbuterol and ephedrine have no anabolic effects in humans is premature. There is a large difference in the dosages normally given to animals (4 mg/kg) as compared to humans (up to 40 µg/day). Slow release Salbutamol has been shown to increase voluntary mus ...
Examination of Cholinergic Activity during Nicotine
... • However, the mechanisms of nicotine withdrawal also appear to involve cholinergic transmission in the NAcc, since nicotine withdrawal produces increased ACh levels in this brain region of adult rats experiencing nicotine withdrawal (Rada et al., 2001). • Given the potential role of cholinergic sys ...
... • However, the mechanisms of nicotine withdrawal also appear to involve cholinergic transmission in the NAcc, since nicotine withdrawal produces increased ACh levels in this brain region of adult rats experiencing nicotine withdrawal (Rada et al., 2001). • Given the potential role of cholinergic sys ...
Abstrakty Lublin
... epilepsy. A patient must have controlled seizures to be allowed to drive. Some types of epilepsies (with auras or nocturnal seizures only during sleep) may reduce the risk of seizure-related crashes. The seizure-free periods that determinate whether a patient is controlled ranges between particular ...
... epilepsy. A patient must have controlled seizures to be allowed to drive. Some types of epilepsies (with auras or nocturnal seizures only during sleep) may reduce the risk of seizure-related crashes. The seizure-free periods that determinate whether a patient is controlled ranges between particular ...
The Commodity Management Cycle
... health workers, for teaching purposes, provided proper citation is accorded AMREF. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible license. AMREF would be grateful to learn how you are using this course and welcomes ...
... health workers, for teaching purposes, provided proper citation is accorded AMREF. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible license. AMREF would be grateful to learn how you are using this course and welcomes ...
Sustained Release Drug Delivery System Potential
... drugs. These special dosage forms are light, relatively large in size, and do not easily pass through pylorus, which has an opening of approx. 0.1– 1.9 cms. Site specific drug delivery A floating dosage form is a feasible approach especially for drugs which have limited absorption sites in upper sma ...
... drugs. These special dosage forms are light, relatively large in size, and do not easily pass through pylorus, which has an opening of approx. 0.1– 1.9 cms. Site specific drug delivery A floating dosage form is a feasible approach especially for drugs which have limited absorption sites in upper sma ...
Cocaine Contamination of United States Paper Currency
... the peak with a retention time of 6.6 rain (see inset) with that of the cocaine standard. The characteristic ions of cocaine at m/z 303, 182, and 82 provided unequivocal evidence of the identity of cocaine in this currency. The currency extract (Figure 1B) also contained traces of benzoylecgonine (r ...
... the peak with a retention time of 6.6 rain (see inset) with that of the cocaine standard. The characteristic ions of cocaine at m/z 303, 182, and 82 provided unequivocal evidence of the identity of cocaine in this currency. The currency extract (Figure 1B) also contained traces of benzoylecgonine (r ...
Forms - Northeast Regional Epilepsy Group
... Mechanism of action is not known – appears to increase GABA levels in brain without acting on GABA receptors Also increases serum concentrations of other AEDs (especially valproic acid and clobazam, which it is often used with); potent inhibitor of P450 enzymes Used in the treatment of refractory ge ...
... Mechanism of action is not known – appears to increase GABA levels in brain without acting on GABA receptors Also increases serum concentrations of other AEDs (especially valproic acid and clobazam, which it is often used with); potent inhibitor of P450 enzymes Used in the treatment of refractory ge ...
Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research
... the study period to patients who find active treatment beneficial. Additionally, some individuals already were using cannabis to treat pain or other symptoms, and so had less incentive to participate in research. The CMCR portfolio also included basic science studies in animals and in human cells (p ...
... the study period to patients who find active treatment beneficial. Additionally, some individuals already were using cannabis to treat pain or other symptoms, and so had less incentive to participate in research. The CMCR portfolio also included basic science studies in animals and in human cells (p ...
Biologically Based Computational Models of High
... Figure 3 provides a simple illustration of this form of variable binding, in which one input signal (a verb in a sentence) can dynamically control (through the basal ganglia) which of two different PFC representations encode the name of a person. If the verb form is active, then the name is encoded ...
... Figure 3 provides a simple illustration of this form of variable binding, in which one input signal (a verb in a sentence) can dynamically control (through the basal ganglia) which of two different PFC representations encode the name of a person. If the verb form is active, then the name is encoded ...
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES KARNATAKA
... Recently α-2 adrenoreceptor agonists are being used as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic agents because of their sedative, analgesic effect, good quality of intra-operative and prolonged post-operative analgesia and haemodynamic stabilizing effects with minimal side effects1. Dexmedetomidine can be u ...
... Recently α-2 adrenoreceptor agonists are being used as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic agents because of their sedative, analgesic effect, good quality of intra-operative and prolonged post-operative analgesia and haemodynamic stabilizing effects with minimal side effects1. Dexmedetomidine can be u ...
Chapter 16 Cholinesterase Inhibitors
... A, In the absence of MAOIs, much of ingested tyramine is inactivated by MAO in the intestinal wall (not shown in the figure). Any dietary tyramine that is not metabolized in the intestinal wall is transported directly to the liver, where it undergoes immediate inactivation by hepatic MAO. No tyramin ...
... A, In the absence of MAOIs, much of ingested tyramine is inactivated by MAO in the intestinal wall (not shown in the figure). Any dietary tyramine that is not metabolized in the intestinal wall is transported directly to the liver, where it undergoes immediate inactivation by hepatic MAO. No tyramin ...
Combination therapy: Synergism between natural plant extracts and
... * Author for correspondence, E-mail: [email protected] Antibiotics are one of the most important weapons in fighting bacterial infections and have greatly benefited the health‐related quality of human life since their introduction. However, over the past few decades these health benefits are under ...
... * Author for correspondence, E-mail: [email protected] Antibiotics are one of the most important weapons in fighting bacterial infections and have greatly benefited the health‐related quality of human life since their introduction. However, over the past few decades these health benefits are under ...
Systems level neurophysiological state characteristics for drug
... psychiatric conditions are not directly associated with overt changes in behavior, which makes them ...
... psychiatric conditions are not directly associated with overt changes in behavior, which makes them ...
The signal attenuation rat model of obsessive–compulsive disorder
... Hurley 1990; Stein et al. 1994; Winslow and Insel 1991). These models can be divided into three classes: ethological, pharmacological, and genetic. Ethological models include naturally occurring repetitive or stereotypic behaviors, such as tail chasing, fur chewing and weaving (for review, see Insel ...
... Hurley 1990; Stein et al. 1994; Winslow and Insel 1991). These models can be divided into three classes: ethological, pharmacological, and genetic. Ethological models include naturally occurring repetitive or stereotypic behaviors, such as tail chasing, fur chewing and weaving (for review, see Insel ...
Thyroid Problems - American Medical College of Homeopathy
... metabolic rate of the body. Hence, imbalances of thyroid hormones can have an intense effect on an individual's energy levels. Sometimes the disturbances are very clear and easily diagnosed. Often though, they can be rather delicate and easily overlooked. Overactive thyroid function known as Hyperth ...
... metabolic rate of the body. Hence, imbalances of thyroid hormones can have an intense effect on an individual's energy levels. Sometimes the disturbances are very clear and easily diagnosed. Often though, they can be rather delicate and easily overlooked. Overactive thyroid function known as Hyperth ...
Tussionex (hydrocodone resin complex
... Phenyltoloxamine, acts as competitive inhibitor of histamine2. As with other antihistamines, it is possible that its sedative and tranquillizing characteristics may contribute to its antitussive action.3 In addition, phenyltoloxamine in a similar manner to other antihistamines has been shown to pote ...
... Phenyltoloxamine, acts as competitive inhibitor of histamine2. As with other antihistamines, it is possible that its sedative and tranquillizing characteristics may contribute to its antitussive action.3 In addition, phenyltoloxamine in a similar manner to other antihistamines has been shown to pote ...
Tourette*s syndrome
... • It is not known exactly how many people have Tourette Syndrome (TS). Some studies have found that 1 of every 360 children between 6 and 17. Other studies using different methods have estimated the rate of TS at 1-10 per 1000 children. • 27% have been reported as having moderate or severe forms of ...
... • It is not known exactly how many people have Tourette Syndrome (TS). Some studies have found that 1 of every 360 children between 6 and 17. Other studies using different methods have estimated the rate of TS at 1-10 per 1000 children. • 27% have been reported as having moderate or severe forms of ...
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, ""breath, life, soul""; φάρμακον, pharmakon, ""drug""; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in consciousness and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties, focusing primarily on the chemical interactions with the brain.Psychoactive drugs interact with particular target sites or receptors found in the nervous system to induce widespread changes in physiological or psychological functions. The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as ""drug action"", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as ""drug effect"". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.