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Pharmacy Council of India
Pharmacy Council of India

... b) Theory and Practical of a particular subject are considered as individual subjects for the purpose of pass criteri ...
Prescrire`s Response (112)
Prescrire`s Response (112)

... The participants did not understand the significance of the term dalanate in neladenoson dalanate, corresponding to a L-alanyl-L-alaninate ester, a term that they did not found in the list of radicals and which has had a different meaning in dalanated insulin. As the rules for constructing INNs for ...
Effects of Valproate on Male Reproductive Functions
Effects of Valproate on Male Reproductive Functions

... VPA and CBZ (OCBZ and LTG had no effect) were reported to be associated with changes in serum sex hormone levels (Mikkonen et al., 2004). Other human studies suggest that VPA does not negatively affect male reproductive functions, but these studies are relatively small in number. In a study in which ...
New Concepts in Pain Management
New Concepts in Pain Management

Ibrutinib Fact Sheet
Ibrutinib Fact Sheet

Drug treatments for Parkinson`s
Drug treatments for Parkinson`s

... However, if your symptoms are mild, you might decide, together with your specialist, to postpone drug treatment until your symptoms increase. This is because Parkinson’s drugs can become less effective over time, or you might start to develop side effects after taking them for a while. ...
evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities
evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities

... occur. Prostaglandins, especially the E series, histamine, bradykinins, leukotrienes and serotonin are included in these mediators, all of which also cause pain and fever (19). Inflammation, and other symptoms are normally ameliorated by inhibition of these mediators from reaching the injured site o ...
Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions

... What if the person is not even overdosing and I give them Naloxone? Will it hurt them? Naloxone has no effect on someone who has no opioids in their system. It will not help anyone who is not in an OD, but it will not hurt them either. Can someone overdose on Naloxone or what if I give too much Nalo ...
Guidelines for Breastfeeding and Substance Use or Substance Use
Guidelines for Breastfeeding and Substance Use or Substance Use

... emptying.50 (III) Human milk alcohol levels generally parallel maternal blood alcohol levels, and studies evaluating infant effects of maternal alcohol consumption have been mostly mixed, with some mild effects seen in infant sleep patterns, amount of milk consumed during breastfeeding sessions, and ...
CRYSTAL MYTHS œ The BIG LIE drug!!
CRYSTAL MYTHS œ The BIG LIE drug!!

... stay-awake tablets, caffeinated colas or the overpriced Triple Mocha Latte at the local espresso bar – is their ability to rev up the action of neurons in the central nervous system. They all do it in similar ways, too. In fact, stimulants differ only to the degree that they act in the brain and the ...
Headaches - Alabama Optometric Association
Headaches - Alabama Optometric Association

... New HA in a pt. over the age of 50 HA increasing in frequency or severity HA wakes up pt. from sleep Onset of HA assoc with an underlying medical condition or systemic illness? • HA w/ fever (spinal meningitis) • HA w/coughing or straining (brain swelling) ...
(Antiviral) Drugs
(Antiviral) Drugs

... However, vaccine production requires the acquisition of the seed virus and therefore cannot be initiated until the pandemic virus is already infecting humans. Once a suitable vaccine seed strain is available to manufacturers, it is anticipated that vaccine production will require at least 3 to 4 mon ...
Role of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery and imaging: T
Role of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery and imaging: T

... epitopes or receptors that can be used as targets. Therefore, nanomedicines can also be actively targeted to these sites. Ligands that specifically bind to surface epitopes or receptors, preferentially overexpressed at target sites, have been coupled to the surface of long circulating nanocarriers [ ...
proofs roofs proofs proofs
proofs roofs proofs proofs

... Synaptogenesis accounts for most of the brain’s growth in size. Synaptogenesis involves the formation of new synapses between the brain’s neurons. A synapse is the place where neighbouring neurons connect and communicate — where messages are passed from axon terminals to dendrites. After birth, the ...
the role of the drug regulatory agencies about the interaction
the role of the drug regulatory agencies about the interaction

... What considerations can be made after a detailed reading of these documents? Initially we find it reasonable and positive that drug regulatory agencies publish their findings even in the absence of conclusive data. However, there are important questions that must be analyzed carefully. For example, ...
sustained release matrix type drug delivery system: a review
sustained release matrix type drug delivery system: a review

... obtain a desirable drug release profile, cost effectiveness, and broad regulatory acceptance. The formulation of the drugs in gelatinous capsules or more frequently, in tablets, ...
evaluation of antidepressant like activity of curcumin and its
evaluation of antidepressant like activity of curcumin and its

... (1). It is responsible for the largest proportion of disease burden attributable to non-fatal health outcomes, accounting for almost 12% of total years lived with disability worldwide (2). Patients with depression have decreased social, occupational, and educational functioning. Moreover, they have ...
VIEW PDF - Practical Neurology
VIEW PDF - Practical Neurology

... Similar treatment benefits were also witnessed with both efficacy endpoints for the three higher doses. Somnolence and dizziness were the most common side effects. There was a dose-response relationship to these AEs and no new or unexpected safety issues were identified by the research team. Hoping ...
the functional abdominal pain syndrome
the functional abdominal pain syndrome

... Brain imaging studies have demonstrated an association between sexual abuse and disinhibition of afferent pain signals that was modulated by changes in psychological distress. In one study, patients with abuse history and IBS had greater activation of the cingulate cortex than those with IBS only, a ...
Urine Drug Testing Clinical Practice
Urine Drug Testing Clinical Practice

... † Pain management laboratory: although the term has not yet been specifically defined, in the authors’ opinion a pain management laboratory is a specialized toxicology laboratory combining the patient-centered goals of a clinical laboratory with the precision seen in the forensice world. The testing ...
drug metabolism: regulation and importance
drug metabolism: regulation and importance

New antiarrhythmic agents for atrial fibrillation
New antiarrhythmic agents for atrial fibrillation

... is difficult, with most recurrences occurring within the first 5 days [11]. The increased vulnerability to recurrence is most likely secondary to AF-induced atrial electrophysiological remodeling, as described above. The above hypothesis was supported by animal experiments which suggested infusion o ...
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF PARACETAMOL, PROPYPHENAZONE  AND CAFFEINE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS 
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF PARACETAMOL, PROPYPHENAZONE  AND CAFFEINE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS 

... in  traditional  solvents  like  0.1N  sodium  hydroxide,  0.1N  hydrochloric  acid,  methanol,  ethanol,  dimethyl  formamide  and  double distilled water. Except for minor differences in PP spectrum  in  water,  the  overlain  spectra  of  PCM  and  CAF  were  found  to  be  almost  identical  due ...
The Medicare amendment adopted late last year contains a
The Medicare amendment adopted late last year contains a

... One source of cost-effectiveness research is the pharmaceutical industry itself. However, public and private managers of drug benefits might not consider research by manufacturers a sound basis for decisions about which drugs to favor. 8, 9 The objectivity of manufacturer-sponsored research seeking ...
Lyophilisates for drug delivery in ophthalmology: pharmacokinetics
Lyophilisates for drug delivery in ophthalmology: pharmacokinetics

... body sensation of preserved drugs upon instillation produces a higher rate of loss because of reflex tearing.20 About 90% of eye medications prescribed today contain preservatives which are cytotoxic to the ocular surface to different degrees.21 22 Their cytotoxicity leads to epithelial desquamation ...
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Psychopharmacology



Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, ""breath, life, soul""; φάρμακον, pharmakon, ""drug""; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in consciousness and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties, focusing primarily on the chemical interactions with the brain.Psychoactive drugs interact with particular target sites or receptors found in the nervous system to induce widespread changes in physiological or psychological functions. The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as ""drug action"", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as ""drug effect"". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.
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