"Opioids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus stimulate ethanol intake."
... ethanol intake. To test this possibility, morphine and receptor-specific opioid agonists were microinjected in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats that had learned to drink ethanol. To crossvalidate the results, naloxone methiodide (m-naloxone), an opioid antagonist, was microinjected with the ...
... ethanol intake. To test this possibility, morphine and receptor-specific opioid agonists were microinjected in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats that had learned to drink ethanol. To crossvalidate the results, naloxone methiodide (m-naloxone), an opioid antagonist, was microinjected with the ...
No Slide Title
... Efficacy in mania established Usually well-tolerated Cons: ? Efficacy in prophylaxis Ataxia and neurocognitive effects, weight gain, nausea, hair loss, leukopenia, hepatotoxicity, Na, hepatic enzyme induction ...
... Efficacy in mania established Usually well-tolerated Cons: ? Efficacy in prophylaxis Ataxia and neurocognitive effects, weight gain, nausea, hair loss, leukopenia, hepatotoxicity, Na, hepatic enzyme induction ...
Receptor in Baseline State
... • Symptoms of dependence occur after the first few cigarettes • Many novice smokers experience withdrawal symptoms while smoking only occasionally, although it may take days between cigarettes for symptoms to appear • Craving for a cigarette is the most common first symptom experienced by novice smo ...
... • Symptoms of dependence occur after the first few cigarettes • Many novice smokers experience withdrawal symptoms while smoking only occasionally, although it may take days between cigarettes for symptoms to appear • Craving for a cigarette is the most common first symptom experienced by novice smo ...
MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING
... Identification of patients at increased risk for PONV enables targeting prophylaxis to those who will benefit most from it. PONV prophylaxis is not appropriate for all patients; with current agents, the practice would not be cost-effective, would be unlikely to benefit patients at low risk for PONV, ...
... Identification of patients at increased risk for PONV enables targeting prophylaxis to those who will benefit most from it. PONV prophylaxis is not appropriate for all patients; with current agents, the practice would not be cost-effective, would be unlikely to benefit patients at low risk for PONV, ...
The cannabis withdrawal syndrome
... cited as the reason for the omission of cannabis withdrawal from the DSM-IV ([39], p. 236). Below, we highlight arguments and recent data supporting the clinical importance of the syndrome. First, we have compared cannabis withdrawal directly with nicotine withdrawal (a diagnosis accepted by the DSM ...
... cited as the reason for the omission of cannabis withdrawal from the DSM-IV ([39], p. 236). Below, we highlight arguments and recent data supporting the clinical importance of the syndrome. First, we have compared cannabis withdrawal directly with nicotine withdrawal (a diagnosis accepted by the DSM ...
Current status and future potential.
... CB2 receptor groups, or selective receptor inhibition, appear to represent the future for cannabinoid research. The cannabis plant is relatively nonselective in its stimulation of cannabinoid receptors, and thus acute use results in a variety of side effects beyond the targeted therapeutic effects, ...
... CB2 receptor groups, or selective receptor inhibition, appear to represent the future for cannabinoid research. The cannabis plant is relatively nonselective in its stimulation of cannabinoid receptors, and thus acute use results in a variety of side effects beyond the targeted therapeutic effects, ...
Supersensitive Kappa Opioid Receptors Promotes Ethanol
... well understood. Dopamine transmission in the NAc is regulated by a variety of receptors, including kappa opioid receptors (KORs). Intra-accumbal pharmacological activation of KORs reduces dopamine release in this region, while blockade transiently increases extracellular levels of dopamine (Spanage ...
... well understood. Dopamine transmission in the NAc is regulated by a variety of receptors, including kappa opioid receptors (KORs). Intra-accumbal pharmacological activation of KORs reduces dopamine release in this region, while blockade transiently increases extracellular levels of dopamine (Spanage ...
Ketamine - thblack.com
... David, H., & Shipp, Joseph, J. (2010). A randomized controlled trial of ketamine/propofol versus propofol alone for emergency department procedural sedation. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 57(5); 435-441. Fuchs-Buder, T., Wilder-Smith, O., Borgeat, A., & Tassonyi, E. (1995). Interaction of magnesium ...
... David, H., & Shipp, Joseph, J. (2010). A randomized controlled trial of ketamine/propofol versus propofol alone for emergency department procedural sedation. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 57(5); 435-441. Fuchs-Buder, T., Wilder-Smith, O., Borgeat, A., & Tassonyi, E. (1995). Interaction of magnesium ...
The Pharmacology of Opioids
... will concentrate on the mu receptor as most of the clinically used opioids are active at this receptor. However, the entire endogenous opioid system plays an important role in responses to addictive opiates, including morphine, codeine, and heroin, as well as to synthetic opioids (3). Beta-endorphin ...
... will concentrate on the mu receptor as most of the clinically used opioids are active at this receptor. However, the entire endogenous opioid system plays an important role in responses to addictive opiates, including morphine, codeine, and heroin, as well as to synthetic opioids (3). Beta-endorphin ...
Spinal Blockade of Opioid Receptors Prevents the Analgesia
... ABBREVIATIONS: TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; PWL, paw withdrawal latency; ACSF, artificial cerebral spinal fluid; MEAP, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. ...
... ABBREVIATIONS: TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; PWL, paw withdrawal latency; ACSF, artificial cerebral spinal fluid; MEAP, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. ...
as a PDF
... ABBREVIATIONS: TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; PWL, paw withdrawal latency; ACSF, artificial cerebral spinal fluid; MEAP, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. ...
... ABBREVIATIONS: TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; PWL, paw withdrawal latency; ACSF, artificial cerebral spinal fluid; MEAP, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. ...
In vivo evaluation of 2-adrenoceptors in cats with
... arousal, however, the firing rate of these neurons increases and greater amounts of norepinephrine are released. The α2-ARs are important in modulating those responses, and in the spinal cord, they can help reduce nociceptive input to the brain. The antinociceptive effects of the α2-ARs are mediated ...
... arousal, however, the firing rate of these neurons increases and greater amounts of norepinephrine are released. The α2-ARs are important in modulating those responses, and in the spinal cord, they can help reduce nociceptive input to the brain. The antinociceptive effects of the α2-ARs are mediated ...
Corticotropin Releasing Factor-Induced CREB Activation in Striatal
... exerts its cellular effects by binding to one of two cognate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) or 2 (CRFR2). While these GPCRs were originally characterized as being coupled to Gas, leading to downstream activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and subsequent increases in cAMP, ...
... exerts its cellular effects by binding to one of two cognate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) or 2 (CRFR2). While these GPCRs were originally characterized as being coupled to Gas, leading to downstream activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and subsequent increases in cAMP, ...
Elicited hippocampal theta rhythm: a screen for anxiolytic and
... administered drugs on hippocampal ‘theta rhythm’ that has been elicited by high-frequency, nonphasic, stimulation of systems afferent to the hippocampus. We focus in particular on drugs that can affect anxiety and cognition and will argue that their action on the ascending systems that elicit and co ...
... administered drugs on hippocampal ‘theta rhythm’ that has been elicited by high-frequency, nonphasic, stimulation of systems afferent to the hippocampus. We focus in particular on drugs that can affect anxiety and cognition and will argue that their action on the ascending systems that elicit and co ...
Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: An Update on Pharmacology and
... olism of salvinorin A or of other compounds in the plant that exhibit an antidepressant activity. If salvinorin A is metabolized to an either active or inactive metabolite, then the binding affinity and the pharmacological profile studied in vitro are at jeopardy. A further study evaluated the effec ...
... olism of salvinorin A or of other compounds in the plant that exhibit an antidepressant activity. If salvinorin A is metabolized to an either active or inactive metabolite, then the binding affinity and the pharmacological profile studied in vitro are at jeopardy. A further study evaluated the effec ...
министерство здравоохранения республики беларусь
... Sedation and respiratory depression is less than Morphine. Vomiting is less frequent. Biliary spasm and constipation are less severe. Subjective effects are pleasurable and abuse liability is present although it is lower than that with Morphine. 4. The answer is A (Morphine): Morphine and ...
... Sedation and respiratory depression is less than Morphine. Vomiting is less frequent. Biliary spasm and constipation are less severe. Subjective effects are pleasurable and abuse liability is present although it is lower than that with Morphine. 4. The answer is A (Morphine): Morphine and ...
Serotonin-mediated central fatigue underlies increased endurance
... in studying the function of the 5-HT1A receptor, but also has slight affinity for the 5-HT7 receptor and may also act as a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor [57]. 8-OH-DPAT was previously shown to increase endurance in low doses, but decrease endurance at high doses [7], but with the addition of 5-HT1A/1B anta ...
... in studying the function of the 5-HT1A receptor, but also has slight affinity for the 5-HT7 receptor and may also act as a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor [57]. 8-OH-DPAT was previously shown to increase endurance in low doses, but decrease endurance at high doses [7], but with the addition of 5-HT1A/1B anta ...
Spinal NMDA Receptors Contribute to Neuronal Processing of Acute
... maleate (MK-801) (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg), were tested on the CRD-evoked responses of 13 neurons. The lowest dose had no effect on the neuronal responses to CRD, while greater doses lowered the CRD-evoked responses at all distention pressures tested (20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg). Similarly, spinal ...
... maleate (MK-801) (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg), were tested on the CRD-evoked responses of 13 neurons. The lowest dose had no effect on the neuronal responses to CRD, while greater doses lowered the CRD-evoked responses at all distention pressures tested (20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg). Similarly, spinal ...
GLOBAL SMART UPDATE - Descentraliza Drogas
... Synthetic cannabinoids are not novel compounds, some of them are failed pharmaceuticals Not all synthetic cannabinoids used as NPS are novel compounds. Some of them such as CP-55,940 or WIN55,212-2 were commercially available as research chemicals before being used as NPS. Others were pharmaceutical ...
... Synthetic cannabinoids are not novel compounds, some of them are failed pharmaceuticals Not all synthetic cannabinoids used as NPS are novel compounds. Some of them such as CP-55,940 or WIN55,212-2 were commercially available as research chemicals before being used as NPS. Others were pharmaceutical ...
Supplement
... (C) Cell-type specificity is critical given the cellular diversity of the brain. (D) Endogenous-protein specificity refers to manipulation of native receptors expressed from their endogenous gene locus. This is distinct from the production of ectopic signals via non-mammalian actuators such as ChR2 ...
... (C) Cell-type specificity is critical given the cellular diversity of the brain. (D) Endogenous-protein specificity refers to manipulation of native receptors expressed from their endogenous gene locus. This is distinct from the production of ectopic signals via non-mammalian actuators such as ChR2 ...
KETAMINE - What`s Old is New Again
... • Ketamine, is primarily a non-competitive glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist. • At low doses, the analgesia effects of ketamine are mediated by antagonism on the NMDA receptors. – Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that naloxene, an opioid antagonist, does not reverse the analgesia. • Stud ...
... • Ketamine, is primarily a non-competitive glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist. • At low doses, the analgesia effects of ketamine are mediated by antagonism on the NMDA receptors. – Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that naloxene, an opioid antagonist, does not reverse the analgesia. • Stud ...
3. Results
... the finding (Gelernter et al., 1991; Goldman et al., 1992; Turner et al., 1992). However, when the results of 15 published studies, with 1015 alcoholics and 898 control subjects, were combined and compared, the TaqI A1 allele was more prevalent in the alcoholic group than in the control group (Noble ...
... the finding (Gelernter et al., 1991; Goldman et al., 1992; Turner et al., 1992). However, when the results of 15 published studies, with 1015 alcoholics and 898 control subjects, were combined and compared, the TaqI A1 allele was more prevalent in the alcoholic group than in the control group (Noble ...
Powerpoint slides
... – reduction of intraocular pressure – anti-emetic, appetite stimulant – bronchodilation. Cannabis ...
... – reduction of intraocular pressure – anti-emetic, appetite stimulant – bronchodilation. Cannabis ...
Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
The discovery of the endogenous cannabinoid system led to the development of CB1 receptor antagonists. The first cannabinoid receptor antagonist, rimonabant, was described in 1994. Rimonabant blocks the CB1 receptor selectively and it has been shown to decrease food intake and regulate body-weight gain. The prevalence of obesity worldwide is increasing dramatically and has a great impact on public health. The lack of efficient and well-tolerated drugs to cure obesity has led to an increased interest in research and development of cannabinoid antagonists. Cannabidiol, a naturally occurring cannabinoid, is a non-competitive CB1/2 antagonist.