Introduction to Pharmacology Chapter 1
... OxyContin, approved by the FDA in 1995, is a time-released form of oxycodone, an opium derivative, which is the same active ingredient in Percodan and Percocet. OxyContin is intended for use by terminal cancer patients and chronic pain sufferers. It has been linked to at least 120 overdose deaths na ...
... OxyContin, approved by the FDA in 1995, is a time-released form of oxycodone, an opium derivative, which is the same active ingredient in Percodan and Percocet. OxyContin is intended for use by terminal cancer patients and chronic pain sufferers. It has been linked to at least 120 overdose deaths na ...
Postoperative nausea and vomiting
... ramosetron has a significant effect for preventing PONV compared with placebo, but its efficacy was less than had been reported in previous analyses. They also reported that ramosetron significantly prevented early and late postoperative vomiting compared with ondansetron, but the clinical significa ...
... ramosetron has a significant effect for preventing PONV compared with placebo, but its efficacy was less than had been reported in previous analyses. They also reported that ramosetron significantly prevented early and late postoperative vomiting compared with ondansetron, but the clinical significa ...
Benzodiazepines
... • Duration of action variable – lipophilic duration of action due to distribution in adipose tissue. Benzodiazepines ...
... • Duration of action variable – lipophilic duration of action due to distribution in adipose tissue. Benzodiazepines ...
Blum et al. 2011 - Boston University
... In the past 20 years, the development of new research technology has greatly advanced our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for drug addiction. Many chemical medications have been produced, some of which have been widely used in clinical treatment of drug add ...
... In the past 20 years, the development of new research technology has greatly advanced our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for drug addiction. Many chemical medications have been produced, some of which have been widely used in clinical treatment of drug add ...
Inhibiting the breakdown of endogenous opioids and
... Outside the cells, enkephalins interact with opioid receptors only, and their signal is interrupted by the concomitant action of two zinc metallopeptidases — NEP and APN — that generate inactive metabolites. The circulating concentrations of enkephalins, which modulate the physiological analgesic re ...
... Outside the cells, enkephalins interact with opioid receptors only, and their signal is interrupted by the concomitant action of two zinc metallopeptidases — NEP and APN — that generate inactive metabolites. The circulating concentrations of enkephalins, which modulate the physiological analgesic re ...
Reversal_Agents_in_Sedation_and_Anesthesia-A Review
... Fortunately, the search for a safer and better nonspecific reversal agent may be over, at least for the benzodiazepines, due to the introduction of flumazenil, a new drug that is currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States pending FDA approval for use. 14 Because benzodiazepines are wi ...
... Fortunately, the search for a safer and better nonspecific reversal agent may be over, at least for the benzodiazepines, due to the introduction of flumazenil, a new drug that is currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States pending FDA approval for use. 14 Because benzodiazepines are wi ...
Involvement of к/Dynorphin System in WIN 55212-2 Self
... cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 under an FR1 schedule of reinforcement. Two cannabinoid training doses (6.25 and 12.5 mg/ kg/infusion) were used in the acquisition studies in outbred mice. Animals acquired a reliable operant responding to self-administer WIN 55,212-2 (12.5 mg/kg/infusion), ...
... cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 under an FR1 schedule of reinforcement. Two cannabinoid training doses (6.25 and 12.5 mg/ kg/infusion) were used in the acquisition studies in outbred mice. Animals acquired a reliable operant responding to self-administer WIN 55,212-2 (12.5 mg/kg/infusion), ...
drugs acting at the neuromuscular junction
... ‘muscle relaxation’ to enable surgeons to operate comfortably without patients tightening their abdominal muscles or resisting operations where movements of limbs would not be prevented by patients who were even asleep. Thus they became known as neuromuscular blocking drugs, which revolutionized the ...
... ‘muscle relaxation’ to enable surgeons to operate comfortably without patients tightening their abdominal muscles or resisting operations where movements of limbs would not be prevented by patients who were even asleep. Thus they became known as neuromuscular blocking drugs, which revolutionized the ...
GLASS: a comprehensive database for
... Motivation: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are probably the most attractive drug target membrane proteins, which constitute nearly half of drug targets in the contemporary drug discovery industry. While the majority of drug discovery studies employ existing GPCR and ligand interactions to ident ...
... Motivation: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are probably the most attractive drug target membrane proteins, which constitute nearly half of drug targets in the contemporary drug discovery industry. While the majority of drug discovery studies employ existing GPCR and ligand interactions to ident ...
Synergistic Interaction between the Two Mechanisms of Action of
... the first-line treatment options for chronic pain. These drugs are generally tolerated relatively well. However, analgesic efficacy of such drugs is often not satisfactory (Fishbain, 2000). Opioids also play an important role in the treatment of chronic pain and can produce potent analgesia (Kalso e ...
... the first-line treatment options for chronic pain. These drugs are generally tolerated relatively well. However, analgesic efficacy of such drugs is often not satisfactory (Fishbain, 2000). Opioids also play an important role in the treatment of chronic pain and can produce potent analgesia (Kalso e ...
A systems model of altered consciousness: Integrating natural and
... produce a number of psychotic symptoms, as well as both cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with schizophrenic psychoses [64,142,144]. Hence, exploring the mechanisms responsible for these actions of psychotomimetics may provide new insights into the neurobiology of the group of schizophren ...
... produce a number of psychotic symptoms, as well as both cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with schizophrenic psychoses [64,142,144]. Hence, exploring the mechanisms responsible for these actions of psychotomimetics may provide new insights into the neurobiology of the group of schizophren ...
Development of 5-Substituted N-Methylmorphinan-6
... analgesics. The gastrointestinal inhibitory activity of this derivative after s.c. administration was relatively weak, its maximal inhibition was only approximately 65%, whereas morphine completely blocked the transit in the charcoal test in mice [31]. Intravenous administration of 14methoxymetopon ...
... analgesics. The gastrointestinal inhibitory activity of this derivative after s.c. administration was relatively weak, its maximal inhibition was only approximately 65%, whereas morphine completely blocked the transit in the charcoal test in mice [31]. Intravenous administration of 14methoxymetopon ...
Saredutant, an NK2 receptor antagonist, has both antidepressant
... different. Because the drug treatment was for 14 consecutive days and the behavior test carried out 22 after the last treatment. The effects may be due to adaptive changes that permit a more normal social interaction behavior. Previous findings tended to examine the acute anxiolytic effects of saredu ...
... different. Because the drug treatment was for 14 consecutive days and the behavior test carried out 22 after the last treatment. The effects may be due to adaptive changes that permit a more normal social interaction behavior. Previous findings tended to examine the acute anxiolytic effects of saredu ...
Anti-Parkinsonism drugs
... a. With L-DOPA to enhance motor response b. For end-of-dose deterioration of L-DOPA , or for on-off attacks to replace L-DOPA S.Es include: nausea & vomiting; postural hypotension In high doses: delusions & hallucination (so avoided in psychotic patients); dyskinesia may also occur; ergot effects wi ...
... a. With L-DOPA to enhance motor response b. For end-of-dose deterioration of L-DOPA , or for on-off attacks to replace L-DOPA S.Es include: nausea & vomiting; postural hypotension In high doses: delusions & hallucination (so avoided in psychotic patients); dyskinesia may also occur; ergot effects wi ...
Document
... Clinical use of ibogaine •Given most often for opiate detoxification, and also for dependence on other drugs such as methamphetamine and cocaine. •Typically administered as a single oral dose in the range of 10 to 25 mg/kg of body weight. •Advantages attributed by those who have been treated with ib ...
... Clinical use of ibogaine •Given most often for opiate detoxification, and also for dependence on other drugs such as methamphetamine and cocaine. •Typically administered as a single oral dose in the range of 10 to 25 mg/kg of body weight. •Advantages attributed by those who have been treated with ib ...
EPA and FDA Flea Products — by Dr. Mark Grossman
... adult fleas, but cessation of feeding and egg infestations, treats ear mites, scabies (and production is rapid other sarcoptiform mites), Dermacentor ticks and roundworms and hookworms in cats ...
... adult fleas, but cessation of feeding and egg infestations, treats ear mites, scabies (and production is rapid other sarcoptiform mites), Dermacentor ticks and roundworms and hookworms in cats ...
Section II. Autonomic Drugs Chapter 6. Introduction to Autonomic
... (independent) in that its activities are not under direct conscious control. It is concerned primarily with visceral functions—cardiac output, blood flow to various organs, digestion, etc—that are necessary for life. The somatic division is largely concerned with consciously controlled functions suc ...
... (independent) in that its activities are not under direct conscious control. It is concerned primarily with visceral functions—cardiac output, blood flow to various organs, digestion, etc—that are necessary for life. The somatic division is largely concerned with consciously controlled functions suc ...
Inhibition of Bladder Activity by 5 - Duke Statistical
... In a recent cystometric study of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (R)-(⫹)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) (Thor et al., 2002), normal cat bladders were filled either with saline to innocuously initiate micturition via activation of myelinated A␦ fibers or with dilute acetic acid to noc ...
... In a recent cystometric study of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (R)-(⫹)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) (Thor et al., 2002), normal cat bladders were filled either with saline to innocuously initiate micturition via activation of myelinated A␦ fibers or with dilute acetic acid to noc ...
Pharm of the Adrenal Cortex
... Cortisol binds to cytosolic receptor and forms hormone-receptor complex, transported to nucleus o Dimerized hormone-receptor complex binds to gene promoter elements (aka glucocorticoid response elements – GREs), which either enhance/inhibit expression of certain genes o Cortisol – profound effect ...
... Cortisol binds to cytosolic receptor and forms hormone-receptor complex, transported to nucleus o Dimerized hormone-receptor complex binds to gene promoter elements (aka glucocorticoid response elements – GREs), which either enhance/inhibit expression of certain genes o Cortisol – profound effect ...
Benzodiazepine Overdose and Withdrawal
... postsynaptically on dopamine-releasing cells in the VTA. Agonism at these GABAA receptors tends to decrease dopamine release. Depending on the balance of affinity and intrinsic efficacy at various GABAA receptor subtypes, a GABAA receptor agonist can be addictive (like ethanol and barbiturates) or n ...
... postsynaptically on dopamine-releasing cells in the VTA. Agonism at these GABAA receptors tends to decrease dopamine release. Depending on the balance of affinity and intrinsic efficacy at various GABAA receptor subtypes, a GABAA receptor agonist can be addictive (like ethanol and barbiturates) or n ...
Efavirenz Interference in Urine Screening Immunoassays for Tetrahydrocannabinol Nicholette M Oosthuizen
... which translates to lower sensitivity to C8- and C11- hydroxylated metabolites and their glucuronides (Figure 1).4 Conversely, linkage to the cyclohexyl ring generates antibodies with greater cross-reactivity to C8-, C9- and C11substituted moieties.3 This concept was taken one step further by Roche ...
... which translates to lower sensitivity to C8- and C11- hydroxylated metabolites and their glucuronides (Figure 1).4 Conversely, linkage to the cyclohexyl ring generates antibodies with greater cross-reactivity to C8-, C9- and C11substituted moieties.3 This concept was taken one step further by Roche ...
submission
... Schedule I of the Medicines Regulations 1984, there remain a number that are not. Depending on the apparent modes of action of some of the substances, and their similarity to well-recognised medicines, it may be appropriate to consider scheduling those not currently listed in the Medicines Regulatio ...
... Schedule I of the Medicines Regulations 1984, there remain a number that are not. Depending on the apparent modes of action of some of the substances, and their similarity to well-recognised medicines, it may be appropriate to consider scheduling those not currently listed in the Medicines Regulatio ...
Pharmacodynamics of Selective Androgen Receptor
... from ventral prostates of castrated male Sprague-Dawley rats (about 250 g). The binding affinity of compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 to the AR preparation was determined and analyzed as described previously (Mukherjee et al., 1996, 1999). The ability of the compounds to influence AR-mediated transcriptional ...
... from ventral prostates of castrated male Sprague-Dawley rats (about 250 g). The binding affinity of compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 to the AR preparation was determined and analyzed as described previously (Mukherjee et al., 1996, 1999). The ability of the compounds to influence AR-mediated transcriptional ...
Local anesthesia
... Slightly more potent than lidocaine Similar toxicity, and vasodilating activity Some literature present a cross allergisity with sulfate so it is best to be avoided in patient allergic to sulfonamide MRD =7mg/kg 4% → 7 cartridge Similar to prilocaine in producing ...
... Slightly more potent than lidocaine Similar toxicity, and vasodilating activity Some literature present a cross allergisity with sulfate so it is best to be avoided in patient allergic to sulfonamide MRD =7mg/kg 4% → 7 cartridge Similar to prilocaine in producing ...
Unit I
... c) Describe the regulatory function of the Controlled Substance Act. d) List three features of recent conceptions of addiction. e) Distinguish between substance abuse and substance dependence. f) Summarize the information in Figures 8.4 and 8.5. g) Distinguish among the five classes of drugs in the ...
... c) Describe the regulatory function of the Controlled Substance Act. d) List three features of recent conceptions of addiction. e) Distinguish between substance abuse and substance dependence. f) Summarize the information in Figures 8.4 and 8.5. g) Distinguish among the five classes of drugs in the ...
Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
The discovery of the endogenous cannabinoid system led to the development of CB1 receptor antagonists. The first cannabinoid receptor antagonist, rimonabant, was described in 1994. Rimonabant blocks the CB1 receptor selectively and it has been shown to decrease food intake and regulate body-weight gain. The prevalence of obesity worldwide is increasing dramatically and has a great impact on public health. The lack of efficient and well-tolerated drugs to cure obesity has led to an increased interest in research and development of cannabinoid antagonists. Cannabidiol, a naturally occurring cannabinoid, is a non-competitive CB1/2 antagonist.