B- Efflux pump (T)
... Less effective than penicillin G but all are narrow spectrum. D. Used in minor infection. All are true. 23- regarding pencillin , all these are true except: a-it is secreted by proximal tubules b-all narrow spectrum can not be givin orally c-aminopencillin and 2nd generation of cephalosporin used to ...
... Less effective than penicillin G but all are narrow spectrum. D. Used in minor infection. All are true. 23- regarding pencillin , all these are true except: a-it is secreted by proximal tubules b-all narrow spectrum can not be givin orally c-aminopencillin and 2nd generation of cephalosporin used to ...
Pharmacology Exam for Grade 2008 Pakistan Students
... C. Drug C LD50=250mg, ED50=100mg D. Drug D LD50=300mg, ED50=50mg E. Drug E ...
... C. Drug C LD50=250mg, ED50=100mg D. Drug D LD50=300mg, ED50=50mg E. Drug E ...
Advances in the Management of Gastroesophageal
... about their long-term use have recently been raised. Long-term maintenance therapy with omeprazole was accompanied by a two-fold to three-fold persistent increase in gastrin levels and an increase in micronodular argyrophil cell hyperplasia and subatrophic or atrophic gastritis.32 A more recent stud ...
... about their long-term use have recently been raised. Long-term maintenance therapy with omeprazole was accompanied by a two-fold to three-fold persistent increase in gastrin levels and an increase in micronodular argyrophil cell hyperplasia and subatrophic or atrophic gastritis.32 A more recent stud ...
Geometric isomers
... Chiral: if a molecule is chiral ( or displays chirality) this means the molecule has two optical isomers Chiral centre: the central carbon in an optical isomer with four bonds each attached to a different group. Enantiomer: another name for a molecule that is found in optical isomers. For example, i ...
... Chiral: if a molecule is chiral ( or displays chirality) this means the molecule has two optical isomers Chiral centre: the central carbon in an optical isomer with four bonds each attached to a different group. Enantiomer: another name for a molecule that is found in optical isomers. For example, i ...
ABSTRACT Peptic ulcer generally occurs when there is an
... or ongoing sepsis. The most common site of stress ulcer formation is the proximal portion of the stomach. ...
... or ongoing sepsis. The most common site of stress ulcer formation is the proximal portion of the stomach. ...
Samples of exam questions and answers
... D) Kernicterus in the newborn 33. The mechanisms involved in the development of clinical resistance to sulfonamides include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) decreased intracellular accumulation of drug B) changed sensitivity of dihydrofolate reductase C) increased production of PABA D) utilization o ...
... D) Kernicterus in the newborn 33. The mechanisms involved in the development of clinical resistance to sulfonamides include all of the following, EXCEPT: A) decreased intracellular accumulation of drug B) changed sensitivity of dihydrofolate reductase C) increased production of PABA D) utilization o ...
THE SAFETY PHARMACOTHERAPY DURING PREGNANCY
... drug distribution in pregnant body is also influenced by the presence of fetus and placenta ( new distribution compartments ) which might play a very important role concerning drugs’ quantity and transport speed, from mother to fetus placenta can not be considered a barrier that protects the fet ...
... drug distribution in pregnant body is also influenced by the presence of fetus and placenta ( new distribution compartments ) which might play a very important role concerning drugs’ quantity and transport speed, from mother to fetus placenta can not be considered a barrier that protects the fet ...
This leaflet is part III of a three-part “Product Monograph”... clotting (warfarin or other vitamin K blockers), for HIV treatment...
... without jaundice, impaired liver function), blood disorders (reduced number of cells in the blood, low blood sodium), sore joints and muscles, muscular weakness, development of breast in males, sensitivity to sunlight, severe skin reaction, hair loss, hypersensitive (allergic) reactions (such as swe ...
... without jaundice, impaired liver function), blood disorders (reduced number of cells in the blood, low blood sodium), sore joints and muscles, muscular weakness, development of breast in males, sensitivity to sunlight, severe skin reaction, hair loss, hypersensitive (allergic) reactions (such as swe ...
Antimycobacterial drugs
... infections (it is recommended to be given with pyridoxine to avoid neuropathy). Latent tuberculosis in patients with positive tuberculin skin test Prophylaxis against active TB in individuals who are in great risk as very young or ...
... infections (it is recommended to be given with pyridoxine to avoid neuropathy). Latent tuberculosis in patients with positive tuberculin skin test Prophylaxis against active TB in individuals who are in great risk as very young or ...
Slide 1
... Statins and other drugs should be taken 1-2 hours before and 4-5 hours after bile acid sequestrants ...
... Statins and other drugs should be taken 1-2 hours before and 4-5 hours after bile acid sequestrants ...
Gout - KSUMSC
... uric acid level below the saturation point (<6 mg/dL), thus preventing the deposition of urate crystals. This can be accomplished by: 1.interfering with uric acid synthesis with allopurinol 2.increasing uric acid excretion with probenecid or sulfinpyrazone 3.inhibiting leukocyte entry into the affec ...
... uric acid level below the saturation point (<6 mg/dL), thus preventing the deposition of urate crystals. This can be accomplished by: 1.interfering with uric acid synthesis with allopurinol 2.increasing uric acid excretion with probenecid or sulfinpyrazone 3.inhibiting leukocyte entry into the affec ...
H2 Blockers
... Medications in this family sharply decrease stomach acid production. They are widely used for the treatment of ulcers as well as for mild cases of esophageal reflux (heartburn). Drugs that fall into this family include cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB) famotidine (Pepcid, Pepcid AC, Pepcid RPD) nizat ...
... Medications in this family sharply decrease stomach acid production. They are widely used for the treatment of ulcers as well as for mild cases of esophageal reflux (heartburn). Drugs that fall into this family include cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB) famotidine (Pepcid, Pepcid AC, Pepcid RPD) nizat ...
Prescott`s Microbiology, 9th Edition 9 Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
... trace the general history of antimicrobial chemotherapy propose natural sources of new antimicrobial agents explain the difference between a narrow and broad spectrum drug correlate lack of microbial growth with selective toxicity list common side effects of antimicrobial drugs explain how to determ ...
... trace the general history of antimicrobial chemotherapy propose natural sources of new antimicrobial agents explain the difference between a narrow and broad spectrum drug correlate lack of microbial growth with selective toxicity list common side effects of antimicrobial drugs explain how to determ ...
Dermatologic Pharmacology
... • Lindane (Hexachlorocyclohexane): – (Very toxic drug due its accumulation of in fatty tissues and we don’t use it unless the first drug applied is ineffective) – 10% absorbed and concentrated in fatty tissues. – Can cause neurotoxicity and hematoxicity ...
... • Lindane (Hexachlorocyclohexane): – (Very toxic drug due its accumulation of in fatty tissues and we don’t use it unless the first drug applied is ineffective) – 10% absorbed and concentrated in fatty tissues. – Can cause neurotoxicity and hematoxicity ...
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTION Definition of Incompatibility
... acetyl salicylic acid. Hence it is granulared without use of water. •Paracetamol is stable between ph 5 & 7 . •While ibuprofen shows more solubility above pH 6. Therefore compound suspension of these two drugs in combination pH of solution is 5-6. ...
... acetyl salicylic acid. Hence it is granulared without use of water. •Paracetamol is stable between ph 5 & 7 . •While ibuprofen shows more solubility above pH 6. Therefore compound suspension of these two drugs in combination pH of solution is 5-6. ...
OPTION D: CORE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
... The reactive part of the penicillin molecule is the beta-lactam ring. The beta-lactam is a four-membered square ring structure which contains an amide group (-CONH-) and consists of one nitrogen atom and three carbon atoms (and two hydrogen atoms). As a result of the sp3 hybridisation of two of the ...
... The reactive part of the penicillin molecule is the beta-lactam ring. The beta-lactam is a four-membered square ring structure which contains an amide group (-CONH-) and consists of one nitrogen atom and three carbon atoms (and two hydrogen atoms). As a result of the sp3 hybridisation of two of the ...
MedicinesDrugs9 DrugDesign ANSWERS
... Combinatorial chemistry can be used to make polypeptides by a process known as ‘mix and split’. If four different amino acids are each connected to separate beads then after the first 'mix and split' there will be a total of 16 different dipeptides formed. a) How many tripeptides will be present aft ...
... Combinatorial chemistry can be used to make polypeptides by a process known as ‘mix and split’. If four different amino acids are each connected to separate beads then after the first 'mix and split' there will be a total of 16 different dipeptides formed. a) How many tripeptides will be present aft ...
CHOOSE THE SINGLE BEST ANSWER
... filtration. If the normal loading dose of the drug is 10 mg. what loading dose (in mg) will you administer to a patient with a crcatininc clearance of 60 ml/min? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 E. 10 25. All the following statements about Omeprazole are true EXCEPT it A. is a proton pump inhibitor. B. is used i ...
... filtration. If the normal loading dose of the drug is 10 mg. what loading dose (in mg) will you administer to a patient with a crcatininc clearance of 60 ml/min? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 E. 10 25. All the following statements about Omeprazole are true EXCEPT it A. is a proton pump inhibitor. B. is used i ...
Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
... • Synthesis compounds: either pure synthesis or synthesis naturally occurring compounds (e.g. morphine, atropine, steroids and cocaine) to reduce their cost. • Semi-synthesis compounds: Some compounds either can not be purely synthesized or can not be isolated from natural sources in low cost. There ...
... • Synthesis compounds: either pure synthesis or synthesis naturally occurring compounds (e.g. morphine, atropine, steroids and cocaine) to reduce their cost. • Semi-synthesis compounds: Some compounds either can not be purely synthesized or can not be isolated from natural sources in low cost. There ...
shands - UF Health Professionals
... by blocking the release of acetylcholine, which is the main neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction. When synaptic transmission is blocked by BTX, muscles become clinically weak and atrophic. This blockage is irreversible and only “recovers” when new nerve terminals and synaptic contacts deve ...
... by blocking the release of acetylcholine, which is the main neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction. When synaptic transmission is blocked by BTX, muscles become clinically weak and atrophic. This blockage is irreversible and only “recovers” when new nerve terminals and synaptic contacts deve ...
Pharmacology lecture 1 Dr. Sameer Al
... Advantages of PG over Oxytocin [ which also used in labor] : a- PGs are more safe in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia , cardiac and renal diseases . b- PGs unlike Oxytocin, having no anti-diuretic effect. PGE2 and PGF2α are involved in primary dysmenorrhia. PGE1 is used in sexual dysfunction , inje ...
... Advantages of PG over Oxytocin [ which also used in labor] : a- PGs are more safe in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia , cardiac and renal diseases . b- PGs unlike Oxytocin, having no anti-diuretic effect. PGE2 and PGF2α are involved in primary dysmenorrhia. PGE1 is used in sexual dysfunction , inje ...
DRUG ABSORBPTION
... movement of water into and out of cells. Drugs which are small and easily dissolved in solution will be able to pass through the cell membrane via this route, in conjunction with water which naturally diffuses. ...
... movement of water into and out of cells. Drugs which are small and easily dissolved in solution will be able to pass through the cell membrane via this route, in conjunction with water which naturally diffuses. ...
Document
... easily. The movement is driven by passive diffusion down a concentration .gradient The lipid partitioning coefficient is a numerical value of how lipid soluble a ?• .drug is P = [lipid] / ????????????????????????????????????????][water If the concentration of the drug is higher in a lipid medium tha ...
... easily. The movement is driven by passive diffusion down a concentration .gradient The lipid partitioning coefficient is a numerical value of how lipid soluble a ?• .drug is P = [lipid] / ????????????????????????????????????????][water If the concentration of the drug is higher in a lipid medium tha ...
Discovery and development of proton pump inhibitors
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) block the gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+,K+-ATPase) and inhibit gastric acid secretion. These drugs have emerged as the treatment of choice for acid-related diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease.PPIs also can bind to other types of proton pumps such as those that occur in cancer cells and are finding applications in the reduction of cancer cell acid efflux and reduction of chemotherapy drug resistance.