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The Truth About AFCIs
The Truth About AFCIs

Over Voltage Protection
Over Voltage Protection

how to use photomultiplier tubes and peripheral circuits
how to use photomultiplier tubes and peripheral circuits

... slight conductivity of the glass material causes a small current to flow between the photocathode and ground. This may cause electric damage to the photocathode, possibly leading to considerable deterioration. For this reason, extreme care must be taken when designing the housing for a photomultipli ...
UCC28250 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
UCC28250 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... The UCC28250 can be powered up by a wide supply range from 4.3 V (UVLO rising typical) to 20 V (absolute maximum), making it suitable for primary-side control or secondary-side control. When the voltage at the VDD pin is lower than 4.1 V (typical), the controller is in stand-by mode and consumes 150 ...
Selection, installation and assembly of surge protective devices
Selection, installation and assembly of surge protective devices

... These personal protection measures have top priority when installing power supply systems. All other protection measures such as lightning and surge protection for electrical systems and installations are secondary to the protection measures against indirect contact with protective conductors under ...
Model 701912/701913/701914 PBA1000/2500/1500 Active Probe User’s
Model 701912/701913/701914 PBA1000/2500/1500 Active Probe User’s

... 1. Set up the probe and DL9000 series digital oscilloscope. 2. Before measurement, insert the probe interface completely into the input of the oscilloscope and confirm that the BNC connector and interface pin are securely fastened. When inserting the interface, you will hear a click as the latch c ...
GR3412151231
GR3412151231

... 2.1 has four components listed below 2.1.1. Voltage Source Converter (VSC): This could be a 3 phase - 3 wire VSC or 3 phase - 4 wire VSC. The latter permits the injection of zero-sequence voltages. Either a conventional two level converter (Graetz bridge) or a three level converter is used. 2.1.2. B ...
Power Distribution Systems
Power Distribution Systems

a treatment of differential signaling and its design
a treatment of differential signaling and its design

... onset. In the case of Ethernet, the two ends of these links are transformer coupled. (I have seen examples of Ethernet links where the ground offset voltage was more than 6.5VAC which would destroy the receiver if the circuit were DC coupled.) In the case of the CMOS circuit shown in Figure 1, the d ...
Hand-Drawn Circuit Diagrams for all circuits that are to
Hand-Drawn Circuit Diagrams for all circuits that are to

... Rectifiers: A rectifier is a circuit that converts an AC current to a DC current. At the very simplest level, a rectifier circuit is also a circuit that takes an AC voltage and modifies it so that the output voltage has only one sign. It will eliminate either all positive voltage or all negative vol ...
Global Signal Reference (GlobalSignal)
Global Signal Reference (GlobalSignal)

AN67 - Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume III
AN67 - Linear Technology Magazine Circuit Collection, Volume III

IH3214741491
IH3214741491

Why to use isolated amplifiers
Why to use isolated amplifiers

... Ground loops can also be created by non-isolated power supply concepts! Care must be taken when supplying multiple devices – even if each device itself has a correct over-voltage and reverse polarity protection like the complete DAQSystem series from DEWESoft (like Sirius, DEWE-43…). The picture bel ...
3. APPLICATION OF NON-PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
3. APPLICATION OF NON-PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

Troubleshooting with Insulation Resistance Test
Troubleshooting with Insulation Resistance Test

... range from 50 MΩ to 20,000 MΩ. Insulation resistance values that are less than the equipment manufacturer’s recommended minimum resistance value should be investigated for additional problems. • Always perform tests on deenergized equipment. ...
LTC3788 - 2-Phase, Dual Output Synchronous
LTC3788 - 2-Phase, Dual Output Synchronous

ESD Protection Layout Guide
ESD Protection Layout Guide

... Another concern created by the rapidly changing IESD is its associated rapidly changing electromagnetic field (EM) causing interference (EMI) to couple onto other circuits of the PCB. This is especially true in the area between the ESD Source and the TVS. Once the TVS shunts IESD to ground, the trac ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

... input signal swing of 800 mV and therefore consume more power during data transmission. Low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) is a technology-independent input-output standard used for data communications, telecommunications, etc. where high speed data transfer is necessary. LVDS is developed fo ...
IF 1711 Revision 2
IF 1711 Revision 2

... Make sure the supply voltage is within the floodlight voltage range stated on the nameplate. Do not operate in ambient temperatures above those indicated on the floodlight nameplate. Use only replacement parts from Crouse-Hinds. ...
7 Measurement of High Voltages and Currents In industrial testing
7 Measurement of High Voltages and Currents In industrial testing

... deflection. For very high voltages (1000 kV or more) problems arise due to large power dissipation, leakage currents and limitation of voltage stress per unit length, change in resistance due to temperature variations, etc. Hence, a resistance potential divider with an electrostatic voltmeter is som ...
How to get the best ADC accuracy in STM32 microcontrollers
How to get the best ADC accuracy in STM32 microcontrollers

AT 121 - Chapter 2 - Basic Electrical Principals
AT 121 - Chapter 2 - Basic Electrical Principals

... On Car Starter Motor Inspection – Customer Complaint – “Poor Crank, or Intermittent Crank” If a starter does not run, and the battery checks out, this simple test may be preformed on any vehicle. The test is broken down to inspect the most basic parts of a starter circuit. Proper power and ground ...
909KB PDF - Contrex Inc
909KB PDF - Contrex Inc

Tail Current-Shaping to Improve Phase Noise in LC Voltage
Tail Current-Shaping to Improve Phase Noise in LC Voltage

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Ground loop (electricity)

In an electrical system, a ground loop is an equipment and wiring configuration which results in excessive unwanted current in a conductor connecting two points that are supposed to be at the same electric potential, often ground, but are actually at different potentials.Ground loops are a major cause of noise, hum, and interference in audio, video, and computer systems. They do not in themselves create an electric shock hazard, the inappropriate connections merely create a not necessarily very good instance of Electrical_bonding, which is explicitly required by safety regulations in certain circumstances. In any case the voltage difference between the ground terminals of each item of equipment is small. A severe risk of electric shock occurs when equipment grounds are improperly removed in an attempt to cure the problems thought to be caused by ground loops.
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