The Making of Quantum Theory
... Using this equation he set about trying to explain why high frequencies of photons, whereas they caused more electrons to be ejected from the surface of the solid, did not change the energy each electron possessed. This equation, which uses the principle of the law of conservation of energy, won Ein ...
... Using this equation he set about trying to explain why high frequencies of photons, whereas they caused more electrons to be ejected from the surface of the solid, did not change the energy each electron possessed. This equation, which uses the principle of the law of conservation of energy, won Ein ...
Operating Principles
... occur than light emission as shown in figure 2 (a). To emit light, electrons must exist at E2 with high probability, which is referred to as inversed population. The third type of transition, shown in figure 2 (c) is stimulated emission. The electrons in the higher energy level, E2, are forcibly tra ...
... occur than light emission as shown in figure 2 (a). To emit light, electrons must exist at E2 with high probability, which is referred to as inversed population. The third type of transition, shown in figure 2 (c) is stimulated emission. The electrons in the higher energy level, E2, are forcibly tra ...
UE307070 - 3B Scientific
... Reverse the polarity of one of the coils so that current passes in the same direction through both coils. ...
... Reverse the polarity of one of the coils so that current passes in the same direction through both coils. ...
5-Line Transient Voltage Suppressor Array
... arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in diff ...
... arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in diff ...
Charge-to-Mass Ratio of the Electron
... current-carrying coils (see Figs. 1 and 2). The electrons are released by thermionic emission from a hot filament contained in a small cylindrical enclosure at the base of the glass chamber. A voltage applied to a grid inside the cylinder allows the electrons to be accelerated to a desired final vel ...
... current-carrying coils (see Figs. 1 and 2). The electrons are released by thermionic emission from a hot filament contained in a small cylindrical enclosure at the base of the glass chamber. A voltage applied to a grid inside the cylinder allows the electrons to be accelerated to a desired final vel ...
Photomultiplier
Photomultiplier tubes (photomultipliers or PMTs for short), members of the class of vacuum tubes, and more specifically vacuum phototubes, are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. These detectors multiply the current produced by incident light by as much as 100 million times (i.e., 160 dB), in multiple dynode stages, enabling (for example) individual photons to be detected when the incident flux of light is very low. Unlike most vacuum tubes, they are not obsolete.The combination of high gain, low noise, high frequency response or, equivalently, ultra-fast response, and large area of collection has maintained photomultipliers an essential place in nuclear and particle physics, astronomy, medical diagnostics including blood tests, medical imaging, motion picture film scanning (telecine), radar jamming, and high-end image scanners known as drum scanners. Elements of photomultiplier technology, when integrated differently, are the basis of night vision devices.Semiconductor devices, particularly avalanche photodiodes, are alternatives to photomultipliers; however, photomultipliers are uniquely well-suited for applications requiring low-noise, high-sensitivity detection of light that is imperfectly collimated.