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Functional Morphology
Functional Morphology

... A Functional Morphology system consists of two parts, one language dependent part, and one language independent part, illustrated in figure 1. The language dependent part is what the morphology implementor has to provide, and it consists of a type system, an inflection engine and a dictionary. The t ...
The roots of language for Oxmorph 2
The roots of language for Oxmorph 2

... My  prejudices  are  well  known,  so  it  should  not  be  surprising  that  I  come   down  on  the  side  of  lexeme-­‐based  theories.      My  goal,  though,  is  not  simply  to   excoriate  root-­‐base  morphology,  but  to ...
Present continuous tense A visit to zoo
Present continuous tense A visit to zoo

... A visit to zoo ...
II PRONOUNS APPENDIX B When we speak or write about different
II PRONOUNS APPENDIX B When we speak or write about different

... yesterday. If your four or more answers are wrong, study frames 42 to 53 and then try this frame again. If all your answers are correct, try frame 61. ...
Nominalization – Lexical and Syntactic Aspects
Nominalization – Lexical and Syntactic Aspects

... (That Peter explained the rules, was useful.) (b) Peters Erklärung der Regeln war nützlich. (Peter's explanation of the rules was useful.) While the choice of morphological markers is lexically determined and highly idiosyncratic – fahren/Fahrt (drive/drive) vs. erklären/Erklärung (explain/explanati ...
The Hunting of the BLARK – SALDO, a Freely
The Hunting of the BLARK – SALDO, a Freely

... For example, there are no artificial “half-paradigms” in SALDO, due to e.g., umlaut plural or ablaut tense formation; these are considered full inflectional patterns in their own right, just as those expressing the same categories by suffixation. Still, there are many singleton inflectional patterns ...
YET ANOTHER APPLICATION OF INFERENCE IN
YET ANOTHER APPLICATION OF INFERENCE IN

... whereas various types of semantic similarity between words are considered as a tool for the inference. Such a similarity can be diagnosed by a WordNet-like thesaurus [6, 9, 10], which can be attached to CDB. The generalized inference rule is taken of production type well known in Artificial Intellig ...
3015 FRENCH  MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper
3015 FRENCH MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper

... total. An essay with 10 ticks or fewer will score 0. Count subsequent ticks up to a maximum of 60 and divide the total by 3 (round up or down to the nearest whole number – see separate scale on p. 12 for reference). This gives a maximum mark of 20. Impression: The 5 marks will often be awarded in di ...
usage-based theory and grammaticalization
usage-based theory and grammaticalization

... auxiliaries are not always separable from verbs, and items within categories can have different features—one verb might become an auxiliary earlier than another. Change in category membership is referred to by Hopper (1991) as ‘decategorialization’ because it is typically the case in grammaticalizat ...
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 10, Number 2, July 1979 A
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 10, Number 2, July 1979 A

... Although there is no certainty that an lndividual author did not have a radically different meaning in mind when he or she used a given term, these definitions should serve to effectively narrow the range of possible interpretations of a given term. ...
Basic Punctuation Help Tips
Basic Punctuation Help Tips

... A semicolon (;) links two complete sentences and shows that there is a relationship between them. Here are some of the things it can be used for: To join two separate sentences together. If a semicolon is used then a conjunction (but, and, or) doesn’t need to be used. A semicolon is perfect for high ...
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Constructing grammatical meaning

... iconic correlations between relative bulk and predictability/familiarity as they have been applied in the semantically based accounts of Russian (Haiman 1983, Kemmer 1993), and it also speaks to Kemmer’s typology of reflexives and middles. On the surface Czech would seem to fall into Kemmer’s (1993: ...
adjectives - Canalblog
adjectives - Canalblog

... Phrase: He is the man who is keeping my family in the poorhouse. Before getting into other usage considerations, one general note about the use — or over-use — of adjectives: Adjectives are frail; don't ask them to do more work than they should. Let your broad-shouldered verbs and nouns do the hard ...
Тема 6 THE PASSIVE VOICE The voice is one of the categories of
Тема 6 THE PASSIVE VOICE The voice is one of the categories of

... His last film is much talked about. His jokes are always laughed at. Notice that the prepositional passive construction is not used with such verbs as: to explain, to point out, to announce, to dedicate, to devote, to say, to suggest, to propose; They take two objects, direct and prepositional in ac ...
English labile verbs and their equivalents in Swedish
English labile verbs and their equivalents in Swedish

... The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the occurrences of English labile verbs and their Swedish translation equivalents in a popular scientific text, especially in regard to the semantics. For this purpose, this paper combines a functional approach with a contrastive one. The paper is str ...
The Grammar of Adjectives
The Grammar of Adjectives

... These are the most common kind of adjective. They tell you most of the information you would like to know about a noun. They describe things like shape, size, colour and age. For example: Imagine you want to buy some apples. There are some things you would like to know about the apples. Colour - are ...
Linguistically enriched corpora for establishing variation in support
Linguistically enriched corpora for establishing variation in support

... and (e), among modification, we explore prenominal adjectives, past participles, gerunds and other intervening material. In addition, some expressions allow relative clauses and PP post-nominal modifiers. Relative clauses are observed less often than PP postnominal modifiers. So far, we ignore these ...
PhD thesis - Tartu Ülikool
PhD thesis - Tartu Ülikool

... verbally, such as the English walk, run and lock. Other noteworthy results in chapter 1 include the definitions of ‘noun’, ‘verb’, ‘flexible’ and ‘word’, and the framework of the five logically possible language types (N/V/F, N/F, V/F, N/V and F – see section 1.5). Jackendoff (1999) has used the no ...
Referent tracking strategies in Mongsen Ao and Chang discourse
Referent tracking strategies in Mongsen Ao and Chang discourse

... The typological features of Chang and Mongsen Ao are very similar and can be briefly summarized as follows.  two-way VOT contrast in voicelessness in initials; this contrast is neutralized in finals, which are limited to plosives, nasals and a rhotic in Mongsen Ao.  three lexically contrastive ton ...
Full manual - Writing Center
Full manual - Writing Center

... Is the subject (City Council) doing the action? Yes, it is passing a law. Therefore, the sentence is active. In passive voice, the acting subject is not named or is named at the end of the sentence with a prepositional phrase. Passive voice includes a be verb. Be Verbs be, am, is, are, was, were, be ...
teaching hebrew noun patterns through general
teaching hebrew noun patterns through general

... Table 3 presents each pattern in its typical place, that is to say, it presents each pattern in its dominant semantic function (according to my perception and my findings), but it does not support an argument that every pattern has only one function, since this is untrue. The method of exposition ad ...
Draft Parallel Structures
Draft Parallel Structures

... Parallel: The new president of the student council spoke not only eloquently but also passionately. [Here two adverbs are joined by the correlative conjunctions not only…but also.] Not Parallel: The new president of the student council spoke not only eloquently but also with passion. [The single ad ...
Bell Ringer 26/27
Bell Ringer 26/27

... rock from where he wedged it. COPY THE ABOVE ON YOUR OWN PAPER SKIPPING LINES. LABEL ...
Auxiliaries in spoken Sinhala
Auxiliaries in spoken Sinhala

... This section discusses the elements from Table 1 in terms of their syntactic distribution, their morphological similarity to regular main verbs, their grammatical function, and, where possible, the semantics of their lexical sources. The section is organized in accordance with the provisional classi ...
Year 8 Tracking dates and course content Winter term
Year 8 Tracking dates and course content Winter term

... saying what you can do in Paris using ‘on peut’+ infinitive Subtopic: Young Parisians Skills : understanding what people like to do in Paris using ‘j’aime + infinitive’ Subtopic : visiting a tourist attraction Skills : understanding information about a tourist attraction asking for tourist informati ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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