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Proofreading for Commas
Proofreading for Commas

... 1. Skim your paper, looking for a phrase or clause in each sentence that explains or gives more information about a word or phrase that comes before it. 2. If you can delete the phrase or clause and still keep the meaning, the phrase or clause is probably nonessential and needs two commas, one befor ...
Grammar and Composition Guide
Grammar and Composition Guide

... lines long or less, then include it within the body of the paragraph, and follow the quotation with the author’s last name and page number within parentheses ( ). (C) If the quotation is five lines long or longer, then indent it two tabs (or ten spaces) from the left – block quote. Following the per ...
The Sentence
The Sentence

... Our plans for the trip were discussed. [base: plan.r were discussed) ...
The Spanish DELPH-IN Grammar - Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat
The Spanish DELPH-IN Grammar - Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat

... that the grammar deals with; instead, in Section 4, we present the implementation of cliticization phenomena for standard peninsular Spanish –including cliticization, clitic doubling, and clitic climbing– and the closely related phenomena of reflexive and reciprocal constructions, and the so-called ...
etc., of a sentence in respect to their entry into it: X 2 Y means that X
etc., of a sentence in respect to their entry into it: X 2 Y means that X

... classes B, C. The B, C are the entry (or argument) requirementfor A, ...
Lecture 5 - ELTE / SEAS
Lecture 5 - ELTE / SEAS

... The possessor can also be an NP with its own determiner, as shown in (15b). However, we cannot have both a determiner for the possessed noun and the possessor together in such a way that the two determiners are adjacent (15c), though they are fine when separated (15d). Again, we seem to have a ban o ...
extraction of simple sentences from mixed
extraction of simple sentences from mixed

... complex and compound. Adnouns are a non-inflectional word class that modifies the following nominals. Verbs and adjectives can function as adnominals when used in construction with adnominalizer endings. Adnoun clauses are made up of verbal or adjectival sentences with an adnominalizing ending (-(n) ...
Depiction Verbs and the Definiteness Effect
Depiction Verbs and the Definiteness Effect

... ‘at most three’ and ‘few’ pattern with existential determiners as regards acceptability in existential contexts – see ₍b₎ – but are not used to modify the conversational domain in any interesting sense.3 For example, in terms of “file-change semantics” (Heim ), an assertion of ‘a Pharaoh is bur ...
That-clauses - I blog di Unica
That-clauses - I blog di Unica

... That-clauses function as complements in noun phrases: [The fact that no one came] is really disappointing. [The news that everyone on board was killed] has just reached us. ...
ppt - UC Davis Philosophy 1
ppt - UC Davis Philosophy 1

... Species belong to genera, which are said of them but not in them (man is animal) An individual belonging to a species is also said to belong to the genus of the species (Socrates is animal) Species in a single genus are distinguished by differentiae (man is rational animal, bird is winged animal) ...
go¤jš, vGJjš k‰W« mo¥gil fâj brašghLfis nk«gL¤Jtj‰fhd gæ‰Á f£lf
go¤jš, vGJjš k‰W« mo¥gil fâj brašghLfis nk«gL¤Jtj‰fhd gæ‰Á f£lf

... When a single consonant comes between two vowels in a word, it is usually divided after the consonant, if the vowel is short. Example: lev- er , cab - in, hab - it When two vowels come together in a word, and are sounded separately, it is divided the word between two vowels. Example: ra- di - o, di ...
Analysis
Analysis

... Difficulties producing the thematic structure of the sentence at the functional level representation may be characterised by:  Word retrieval difficulties – possibly involving the production of hesitations, semantic errors and a reliance on pronouns and ‘semantically light’ verbs e.g. ‘have’, ‘do’, ...
An outstanding property of the Gbe languages is that they manifest
An outstanding property of the Gbe languages is that they manifest

... I further suggest that the verb always follows the tense and aspect markers in Gungbe because those markers do not qualify as affixes. As a consequence, subsequent verb movement to the left of the IP-markers is blocked: the verb cannot attach to the intervening IP-marker. Notice, however that, unlik ...
On Verb-Initial and Verb-Final Word Orders in Lokaa.
On Verb-Initial and Verb-Final Word Orders in Lokaa.

... minor variant of one of these), so this can be considered an obligatory element in the Lokaa clause More important for our purposes is the agreement prefix, seen on all the verbs in (8), and indeed on all Lokaa verbs except for imperatives and gerunds. The obvious function of this prefix is to expr ...
Why would anyone take long? Word classes and Construction
Why would anyone take long? Word classes and Construction

... CorpusSearch parlance, more than one hit per token), and removed the four instances that proved to be of long adj.2 = long/along (of) ‘attributable to’ (OED s.v.). There are 1684 records in my database, counting both instances in correlative pairs like swa lange swa … swa lange and so longe … as lon ...
That-clauses - I blog di Unica
That-clauses - I blog di Unica

... In direct speech, the exact words used by a speaker are quoted, as in these examples. In indirect speech, the words are subsequently reported by someone else: Direct speech: ‘The music is too loud’, said Jim. Indirect speech: Jim said that the music was too loud. The switch from direct speech to ind ...
Reconstructing Proto-Indo-European Deponents
Reconstructing Proto-Indo-European Deponents

... It has to be stressed that the “stative” hypothesis rests largely on the opposition between the dentalless 3sg. *-o and the 3sg. mid. *-to (and the 3pl. *-ra in Indo-Iranian), since the other endings of the “stative” paradigm are identical to those of the middle. As Gotō 1997: 191 points out, it is ...
The Ancient Languages of Syria
The Ancient Languages of Syria

... documentation. Several early languages first make a significant appearance in the historical record in the fourth/fifth century: thus, Gothic (fourth century; see WAL Ch. 36), Ge’ez (fourth/fifth century; see WAL Ch. 14, §1.3.1), Classical Armenian (fifth century; see WAL Ch. 38), Early Old Georgian ...
nouns and proper nouns - Crescent Heights High School
nouns and proper nouns - Crescent Heights High School

... PRONOUNS take the place of one or more nouns or a group of words in a sentence. As with nouns, they can be used to refer to people, places or things. e.g.: The conductor described the songs we would play. She wanted us to memorize them. (Both “she” and “them” are pronouns—“she” refers to conductor a ...
Lexical and Viewpoint Aspect in Kubeo
Lexical and Viewpoint Aspect in Kubeo

... to Comrie’s definition, tense systems are distinct from aspect systems by being primarily a deictic category. There is an important distinction between tense and time reference in Comrie’s 1985 proposal. While tense is a grammatical category, time reference is a broader semantic operation to locate ...
a complete guide for tancet examination
a complete guide for tancet examination

... SECTION III - TIPS FOR PROBLEM SOLVING ........................................................................................... 9 SECTION IV -TIPS FOR DATA SUFFICIENCY .......................................................................................... 10 ...
The Newar verb in Tibeto-Burman perspective
The Newar verb in Tibeto-Burman perspective

... 'grow old', marks 'the semantic category of volitionality'. These two Dolakha phenomena show that the 'use of verb agreement for referent tracking in complement clauses and for marking absence of volition in non-control verbs are in principle independent of the other parameters of the conjunct/disju ...
Word-class-changing inflection and morphological theory
Word-class-changing inflection and morphological theory

... This defInition follows from my initial characterization because words can be described by means of abstract paradigms only if their formation is productive (i.e. if new words can be formed according to the rule), regular (i.e. if the words do not have any additional idiosyncratic properties), and g ...
EXERCISES
EXERCISES

... 1. Most of us don’t have the time to exercise for an hour each day. (first, plural, objective) 2. We have our hearts in the right place, though. (first, plural, subjective) 3. I think ‘diet’ is a sinister word. (first, singular, subjective) 4. It sounds like deprivation. (third, singular, subjective ...
Semantics III: Parsing, logical form, abduction
Semantics III: Parsing, logical form, abduction

... the child to whom I read the book the city where I was born ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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