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Teasing apart syntactic category vs. argument structure information
Teasing apart syntactic category vs. argument structure information

... Bauer (2001: 126) makes a further distinction between strong and weak constraints. A strong constraint describes a process in which an affix attaches only to a particular type of base, such as the suffix -ness in English, which attaches only to adjectives (e.g. happi-ness, white-ness). Strong constr ...
Mismatches in default inheritance
Mismatches in default inheritance

... exceptions. Presumably the linguists hold the facts in their minds as default patterns, but the facts are obviously independent of what linguists know about them. DI may or may not be a useful kind of logic in scientific work such as linguistic typology; and it may or may not be right to postulate d ...
Case Matching in Bavarian Relative Clauses: A
Case Matching in Bavarian Relative Clauses: A

... I take who (acc)/who (dat) you trust ’ (intended) I take whomever you trust.’ ...
EN - English Grammar for the Utterly Confused
EN - English Grammar for the Utterly Confused

... any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incide ...
BASIC SENTENCE PARTS
BASIC SENTENCE PARTS

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Categorial Grammar and the Semantics of Contextual Prepositional
Categorial Grammar and the Semantics of Contextual Prepositional

... Since type-raising, viewed as case, can in English as in Latin be regarded as a process of the morpho-lexicon rather than syntax (albeit a much more ambiguous one than in the latter language), and since we do not wish to burden the reader with syntactic notation, or distract them by this categorial ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
View PDF - CiteSeerX

... transfer analysis proposed by Grimshaw and Mester (1988) for the very similar Japanese LVC. In that approach, the LV inherits arguments from the main predicate and gives cases to the semantic dependents of the main predicate. This corresponds to HPSG argument attraction as in Hinrichs and Nakazawa ( ...
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Bare nominals and incorporating verbs in Spanish and Catalan

... (2009) for certain BNs in English. These and other facts will lead us to a syntactic analysis within a version of Hale & Keyser’s (1993, 2002) framework on which object BNs are restricted to a minimal [VV N] structure similar to that which is proposed for analytic verbal expressions such as to do wo ...
Assignment Sheet
Assignment Sheet

... Due Tuesday, 10/21: Your only homework is to read the introduction to Part 3: Dependent Clauses, pp. 129-130. Come to class ready to start on this new unit. Due Wednesday, 10/22: Today’s homework deals with adverb clauses that modify verbs and whole sentences. In Writers’ Choices, read pp.131-135. O ...
Mixed Categories and Argument Transfer in the Korean
Mixed Categories and Argument Transfer in the Korean

... transfer analysis proposed by Grimshaw and Mester (1988) for the very similar Japanese LVC. In that approach, the LV inherits arguments from the main predicate and gives cases to the semantic dependents of the main predicate. This corresponds to HPSG argument attraction as in Hinrichs and Nakazawa ( ...
Le: from pronoun to intensifier*
Le: from pronoun to intensifier*

... obligatory in the sense of Garcı́a and Van Putte (1989). For these speakers the presence of le as an intensifier is required and its absence is meaningful. By this criterion it is closer to inflectional morphology. The meaning of intensifier le seems more inflectional in some cases and more derivati ...
edict - How to Example Code
edict - How to Example Code

... nouns [keiyoudoushi] (e.g. kirei and kantan), nouns which can be used adjectivally with the particle "no" and verbs formed by adding suru (e.g. benkyousuru). If I put entries in edict with the "na" and "suru" included, MOKE will not find a match when they are omitted or, the case of suru, inflected. ...
Chapter 7: Subordinate Clauses
Chapter 7: Subordinate Clauses

... f. The teacher was pleased with their competent reworking of the problem. Progressive Verbs vs. Adjectives: It is possible to confuse these superficially similar forms, but there are ways to distinguish them. Consider the progressive form g. His diatribes were boring us. and the subject complement ...
Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization
Grammar, Punctuation, and Capitalization

... According to Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, grammar means "the study of the classes of words, their inflections [changes in form to distinguish case, gender, tense, etc.], and functions in a sentence." An abundance of good, detailed grammar, writing, and usage books are available. This c ...
Paper - chass.utoronto
Paper - chass.utoronto

... reveals Cobbett’s generalised adherence to tradition and a clear prescriptive attitude (see TABLE 1). In our opinion these are both signs of his intention of spreading the standard to lower classes of learners. To do so he had to convey a fixed system of rules so as not to puzzle his readers and at ...
Remarks on the History of the Indo-European Infinitive
Remarks on the History of the Indo-European Infinitive

... have transitional transitional forms forms -— as the KV RV most to judge judge by· morphology -— the the situation not so so definitely is definitely is to by its its morphology Situation is is not well-defined. It can can be be argued argued that agent/patient marking is not that agent/patient mark ...
Restructuring Involving Purpose/ Gerundive Clause in Japanese*
Restructuring Involving Purpose/ Gerundive Clause in Japanese*

... One might argue that the gerundive form tabe-te is specified as [-Tense] and therefore it is not compatible with any expression that denotes time; thus, kinoo in (23a) is forced to modify the matrix verb, which is specified as [+Tense]. But this argument is untenable from the viewpoint of Universal ...
ŠIAULIAI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT
ŠIAULIAI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT

... when one grammatical category is converted into another ‘with no change in form to the word’. For instance, the noun perfume can be changed to the verb to perfume without undergoing visible change to the form of the word. Don (1993:2) provides the examples of word-derivation and root-derivation in D ...
Costa - Figueiredo
Costa - Figueiredo

... It is also assumed, following Halle & Marantz (1993), Bobaljik (1995) and Embick & Noyer (2001), that a specific inflectional morpheme may surface on the verb as a consequence of syntactic head-movement, or as the result of a morphological process. Moreover, morphemes may be realized as a singleton ...
Key LSA 7 Grammar Seminar 2015 2
Key LSA 7 Grammar Seminar 2015 2

... construction into a what-clause. (A third option would be to turn the adjective into a noun – The tragedy is that … – but that may change the meaning of the sentence somewhat.) Swedish de fattiga has generic reference to a group of people, so the adjective can remain the head of its noun phrase in E ...
Sentence Patterns
Sentence Patterns

... 4. During this time, many blockade runners earned vast amounts of money. 5. Because of improvements in Union blockades, many Confederate runners found themselves captured. ...
Sentence Patterns - Mrs. Rubach`s Room
Sentence Patterns - Mrs. Rubach`s Room

... 4. During this time, many blockade runners earned vast amounts of money. 5. Because of improvements in Union blockades, many Confederate runners found themselves captured. ...
UNIVERSITY OF IRKUTSK
UNIVERSITY OF IRKUTSK

... Reduction of Adjective Clauses To Adjective Phrases. Changing An Adjective Clause To An Adjective Phrase. Hecadem Practices. Ex-s 32,33,34 p. 261-262. Sample TOEFL. Summing-up: Adjective Clauses. Preparation for the Test. Written ...
pdf
pdf

... Specifier of IP in the matrix in order to get case, (7b) is a control construction which involves no movement. The matrix predicate has its own EA (John), and PRO is independently thetamarked by the infinitive verb. As for case, it was initially believed that PRO can bear no case, due to its ungover ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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