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HIERARCHIES AND COMPETING GENERALIZATIONS IN SERBO
HIERARCHIES AND COMPETING GENERALIZATIONS IN SERBO

... therefore to be neuter plural. As for the semantic features, they are assumed to be needed in W&Z for explaining the facts of pronominal coreference: a personal pronoun in the nominative form referring back to braća can be either ona or oni (see ex. (7a)), since a pronoun agrees with its antecedent ...
paper - Ohlone - University of California, Santa Cruz
paper - Ohlone - University of California, Santa Cruz

... we have gone farther in investigating semantic properties of the autonomous argument. The idea, in brief, will be that the referential properties of this element will not always support the kinds of part-whole relations which the logic of reciprocity demands (see McCloskey () and references cite ...
Functions of the Czech reflexive marker
Functions of the Czech reflexive marker

... The “wedge” above the letter e in mě and tě indicates palatalization of the preceding consonant, not a change in vowel quality. ...
Grammar Enrichment
Grammar Enrichment

... Study the underlined nouns in the following sentences. If a noun should be possessive, write it correctly, and label it possessive in the space provided. If a noun is plural but does not show possession, copy it, and label it plural. 1. Chris neighbors took part in Circleville annual health fair. ...
primary argument case-marking in baltic and finnic
primary argument case-marking in baltic and finnic

... employ the genitive (Baltic, Greek) or dative (Celtic, Germanic) to express the ablative function. The East-Baltic languages and Slavic (i)o-stem genitive singular ending has a remnant from the ablative *-ā (lith. vilko, la vilka, ocs vlъka). The original fundamental meaning of the ablative case was ...
湖南省第一师范学院外语系备课用纸
湖南省第一师范学院外语系备课用纸

... the position of the appositive each: if the appositive occurs before the verb, the following pronoun and corresponding determiner take the plural form; if, on the other hand, the appositive appears after the verb, the pronoun and corresponding determiner take the singular form, eg: They each had the ...
Transformation Of sentences
Transformation Of sentences

... possibly, he didn't have anything else to do, for or because "Maria went shopping." How can the use of other coordinators change the relationship between the two clauses? What implications would the use of "yet" or "but" have on the meaning of the sentence? COMPLEX SENTENCE A complex sentence has an ...
Indo-Aryan: From the Vedas to Modern Times
Indo-Aryan: From the Vedas to Modern Times

... eyes , but has typo graphical advantages and is less m isleading than the tilde, when used to represent a class nasal. As for the vernaculars, it is customary to use a broad phonetic transcription not very different from the strict transliteration of the traditional script, but having the disadvanta ...
E X E R C I S E S - Bedfordstmartins
E X E R C I S E S - Bedfordstmartins

... Exercises for EasyWriter is a resource for teachers and students. Its exercises consist of sentences and paragraphs in need of revision; most are designed so that students can edit directly on the pages of this book. The exercise sets are numbered to correspond to chapters in EasyWriter. Students ca ...
PERT Review Guide - Valencia College
PERT Review Guide - Valencia College

... In the sentences that follow, choose the correct form of the verb. 1. Every evening, a mother raccoon along with her three cubs (tips, tip) over the garbage cans and (strews, strew) trash all over the backyard. 2. During a typical Florida summer, both the blazing sun and the heavy traffic (makes, ma ...
course reader
course reader

... what has generally been accepted, still, Jackendoff (1977) carries the seeds of what later is to develop into two separate nominal projections, the Noun Phrase and a Determiner Phrase. It is assumed that instead of an N’’ (=NP) and an N’ (=N-bar) there are three levels inside the nominal constructio ...
Arabic Loanwords in Tatar and Swahili: Morphological Assimilation
Arabic Loanwords in Tatar and Swahili: Morphological Assimilation

... 3.1 The Analyses of Arabic Loanwords in Tatar and Swahili The formation of both Tatar and Swahili was influenced by Arabic, which had profoundly influenced them in religious, scientific, cultural and economic aspects. Both languages used the Arabic script. The change from Arabic script to the Russia ...
- SOAS Research Online
- SOAS Research Online

... with l, r, y or w in second position are permitted (in addition to some unusual clusters with initial m + stop). In the syllable rhyme, a final glottal stop may occur after a vowel or vowel + glide (w or y) combination; otherwise, syllables may end in a final nasal consonant (m, n or ŋ) or stop (p, ...
On expletive subject pronoun drop in Colloquial French
On expletive subject pronoun drop in Colloquial French

... ‘[m]orphologization is complete with 3Sg. verbs that disallow a referential subject, as in weather verbs [. . .] and impersonal verbs’. Even if one were to grant this circumvention, the proposed analysis is still conceptually problematic. For why should of all verbs (certain) impersonals be the prec ...
t-lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
t-lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... • prototypically corresponds to the morphological gender ...
Tying Ideas Together with Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns
Tying Ideas Together with Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns

... conjunction. If you see such a clause alone without a main clause — for example, weil er seine Stimme verloren hat (because he lost his voice) — you’re left waiting to find out more information. • Relative clause (dependent clause): This type of clause can’t stand on its own even though it has a sen ...
Contents: MyGrammarLab Advanced C1–C2
Contents: MyGrammarLab Advanced C1–C2

... Comment clause: We waited for ages, which was really annoying. It’s the man whose car was towed away. The person to whom this letter is addressed … It was the day when the heatwave started. The goods, half of which were damaged, arrived today. You can invite whoever you like. Turning the corner, we ...
PDF file - University of Cambridge
PDF file - University of Cambridge

... As such, they represent a case of boundary reanalysis ((ii) above), and, in fact, Janda (2001: 303) refers to this type of case as ‘upgrading via reanalysis’. Examples include the English possessive clitic ’s from an earlier genitive case ending,3 the Irish firstperson-plural pronoun muid from an ea ...
the english tongue. - Cunningham Memorial Library
the english tongue. - Cunningham Memorial Library

... familiar with every dialect of Greek, and every variety of classical style, there should be so few who have really made themselves acquainted with the origin, the nlstory, and the gradual developmeut into Its present form of that mother wugue which 18 already spoken over half the world, and which em ...
VerbTenseInProgress
VerbTenseInProgress

... unknown or unimportant to the meaning of the sentence. The indefinite aspect is also used to indicate a habitual or repeated action, event, or condition. The three complete tenses, or perfect tenses, describe a finished action: the past perfect ("I had gone"); the present perfect ("I have gone"); th ...
the feeling of great pleasure
the feeling of great pleasure

... ‘Delighted’ is an adjective having an identical form with, but different features from, the past participle of the verb ‘delight’, having the syntactic functions as head of adjectival phrases, pre-modifier of noun phrases and complement. Morphologically, it has two morphemes: the root delight and su ...
NLP - Words
NLP - Words

...   Saxon genitive It is obtained with the suffix –’s for singular nouns and plurals not ending in s (f.i. children’s) and with the suffix –’ for regular plurals and some nouns ending in s or z) ...
FNLP Lecture 8 Part-of-speech tagging and HMMs What is part of
FNLP Lecture 8 Part-of-speech tagging and HMMs What is part of

... • Because, like spell correction etc, HMM can also be viewed as a noisy channel model. – Someone wants to send us a sequence of tags: P (T ) – During encoding, “noise” converts each tag to a word: P (S|T ) – We try to decode the observed words back to the original tags. ...
ra - Stichting Papua Erfgoed
ra - Stichting Papua Erfgoed

... they lived in gardens which were made by clearing part of the forest. If one garden was exhausted, they abandoned it and made a new garden. In addition to gardening, they hunted and gathered food in the forest to supplement their diet. People lived together in clans, and made their gardens on their ...
slips of speech - WATA - World Association of Arab Translators
slips of speech - WATA - World Association of Arab Translators

... words; and to determine, in every case, what good usage dictates, is not an easy matter. Authors, like words, must be tested by time before their forms of expression may become a law for others. Pope, in his Essay on Criticism, laid down a rule which, for point and brevity, has never been excelled: ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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