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1. I know an old lady who swallowed a fly
1. I know an old lady who swallowed a fly

... -the sentence is not a particularly useful unit to focus on. -Spoken English can make sense without “grammatical” sentence structures -much language cannot be classified in terms of sentence types (fancy that!). Leech proposes instead that CLAUSES and PHRASES are more worthy of analysis ...
Grammar - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Grammar - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

... • An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It ends with a period. • An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation point. Read each sentence. Write whether it is declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory. 1. What a wonderful camping trip ...
3.1 Verbs
3.1 Verbs

... Use the buttons in the WWB Toolbar at the right of the screen. ...
Present Participial Phrases
Present Participial Phrases

... 2. Write a sentence that contains a restrictive present participial phrase that should not be set off with commas. 3. Use the word “dancing” in a sentence, and write a non-restrictive participial phrase. 4. Change the word “fight” into a present participle, add other words to make it a participial p ...
Sentence variety exercise 4
Sentence variety exercise 4

... 2. Write a sentence that contains a restrictive present participial phrase that should not be set off with commas. 3. Use the word “dancing” in a sentence, and write a non-restrictive participial phrase. 4. Change the word “fight” into a present participle, add other words to make it a participial p ...
File grammar
File grammar

... The subject of the sentence is one (boats is the object of the preposition). Since one is singular, then the verb must also be singular. In order to decide whether or not a verb is singular, simply remember that singular verbs end in s. In the incorrect sentence, the verb are is plural. To make the ...
ELA 2
ELA 2

... Mathematics are my favorite subject in school. Answer: Incorrect. Are should be replaced by is. 2. If the following sentence is correct, write the word correct. Otherwise, fix the verb so that it agrees with its subject. The family has moved south for the winter. Answer: Correct. 3. If the followin ...
Grace Theological Journal 6.1 (1985) 3
Grace Theological Journal 6.1 (1985) 3

... [93], a@rxomai [92], tolma
Elisa Di Domenico - Italian Journal of Linguistics
Elisa Di Domenico - Italian Journal of Linguistics

... Universal 30: If the verb has categories of person-number or if it has categories of gender, it always has tense-mood categories. [Greenberg 1963].3 ...
The Classification of Infinitives: A Statistical Study
The Classification of Infinitives: A Statistical Study

... [93], a@rxomai [92], tolma
the linguistics of endangered languages
the linguistics of endangered languages

... classification in Nkak and compares nominalization and nominal classification with similar constructions in other languages of the region (Wãnsöjöt, Yujup, Hup, Nadeb, and Dâw). In particular, she presents the few derivational processes the language has by which nouns are derived from verbs or nou ...
word classes and part-of-speech tagging
word classes and part-of-speech tagging

... The verb class includes most of the words referring to actions and processes, including main verbs like draw, provide, differ, and go. As we saw in Ch. 3, English verbs have a number of morphological forms (non-3rd-person-sg (eat), 3rd-person-sg (eats), progressive (eating), past participle (eaten)) ...
(Schaum`s Outlines).
(Schaum`s Outlines).

... as well as a brief section on different Russian letter styles. Chapters 2– 8 present all the essentials for a solid foundation in Russian grammar. Grammatical terms, including the basic parts of speech and associated grammatical concepts (e.g., gender, number, and case in the noun; tense, aspect, mo ...
Grammar and Language Workbook, Part 1
Grammar and Language Workbook, Part 1

... 11. Whoever was this eccentric individual? 12. He was the other person for whom the cars came to be named—Charles Stewart Rolls. ...
Lecture Notes: Linguistics
Lecture Notes: Linguistics

... can adopt a new idiom naturally enough, at least among a group of friends, but it would not be natural to adopt the convention that only sentences with a prime number of words would get spoken. This is true enough, but not the most revealing claim about the range of possible human languages. You can ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... A full sentence has to have a subject and verb, while a phrase is a set of words without one or both of these elements. A phrase does not express a complete thought on its own. It is more meaningful in a larger context. For example, the answer to the question in the following example is a prepositio ...
Antisymmetry
Antisymmetry

... Why make our lives so difficult? Wasn’t our old system good enough? Actually, no. A number of things had to be stipulated in X-bar theory (which we will review); they can all be made to follow from one general principle. The availability of a head-parameter actually fails to predict the kinds of lan ...
The Passive and the Notion of Transitivity
The Passive and the Notion of Transitivity

... not « a lot » in « he weighs a lot », which is only a complement of the verb without being an object), (Note 4) they are semantically binary, just as copula clauses are (S + V)) : there is one argument only (the subject) and a property of the subject is given. And this is what makes passivization im ...
Linguistics behind the mirror
Linguistics behind the mirror

... olating string can be extended into a full-fledged with an item which (abstract) violating string (or to more such strings, – either, is in masculine gender and singular number if there are more possibilities of the extension), i.e. – or is an imperative or an infinitive or a gerund and by defining ...
The syntax of French de-N phrases Anne Abeillé Univ. Paris
The syntax of French de-N phrases Anne Abeillé Univ. Paris

... extraction, and so on. In this case, de will also inherit the non-empty SUBJ list of its VP complement, which will then be visible on the dominating phrase (crucial for the analysis of raising and control). Note that in our analysis, all [de VP] structures involve the weak head of Figure 1, and neve ...
Illustrating the prototype structures of parts of speech
Illustrating the prototype structures of parts of speech

... written with a lowercase first letter. These are cross-linguistic concepts. Languageparticular categories, such as Adjectives or Participles, are capitalized. Labels for reoccurring morphosyntactic strategies, such as relative clauses or predicate nominals, are lowercase, even if there are languag ...
Definition of Poetic Discourse and Translation
Definition of Poetic Discourse and Translation

... redundancy’ for meter and musical effect (Newmark, 1988: 167). [This is discussed further in my translation of Poem 1, Paragraph 4 where the original ‘pu-shuo’, literally meaning ‘flickering’ becomes ‘shining and glowing, appearing and disappearing’ in addition to ‘flickering’ in the TT (target text ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer

... play the fiddle, where that term may be taken to imply the playing of more popular styles of music. Even the sofa = settee example might be argued to show some differences, for example in terms of the register of the word or possibly in terms of possible differences in the objects the words pick out ...
HIERARCHIES AND COMPETING GENERALIZATIONS IN SERBO
HIERARCHIES AND COMPETING GENERALIZATIONS IN SERBO

... which could be analyzed as showing either concord agreement (hence, feminine singular) or index agreement (hence, neuter plural), is assumed in W&Z for theory-internal considerations to show index agreement and therefore to be neuter plural. As for the semantic features, they are assumed to be neede ...
C86-1141 - Association for Computational Linguistics
C86-1141 - Association for Computational Linguistics

... would be required when starting from their orthographic representation and 8 from their phonetic representation (Laporte 1984). The shift from phonological words to phonetic words entails knowing where liaisons should take place. Recall that a llalson takes place when both syntactic and phonological ...
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Esperanto grammar

For Esperanto morphology, see also Esperanto vocabularyEsperanto is a constructed auxiliary language. A highly regular grammar makes Esperanto much easier to learn than most other languages of the world, though particular features may be more or less advantageous or difficult depending on the language background of the learner. Parts of speech are immediately obvious, for example: Τhe suffix -o indicates a noun, -a an adjective, -as a present-tense verb, and so on for other grammatical functions. An extensive system of affixes may be freely combined with roots to generate vocabulary; and the rules of word formation are straightforward, allowing speakers to communicate with a much smaller root vocabulary than in most other languages. It is possible to communicate effectively with a vocabulary built upon 400 to 500 roots, though there are numerous specialized vocabularies for sciences, professions, and other activities. Reference grammars of the language include the Plena Analiza Gramatiko (English: Complete Analytical Grammar) by Kálmán Kalocsay and Gaston Waringhien, and the Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (English: Complete Handbook of Esperanto Grammar) by Bertilo Wennergren.
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