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Negation in Germanic Languages
Negation in Germanic Languages

... This research thesis concentrates on the micro-typological variation in the Germanic languages, focusing on their negation strategies and the syntactical position of negative adverbs; with respect to the subject, verb, and object, in main and subordinate clauses as well as in (negative) imperative / ...
On the licensing and recovering of imperative subjects Melani Wratil
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... It has long been observed in the study of sentence types that imperative clauses often lack an overt subject. As a consequence it was concluded that, in contrast to other verbal moods, the imperative is in principle subjectless in its use. Contrary to assumptions made by Rosengren (1992), Platzack & ...
Invitation to Systemic Functional Linguistics
Invitation to Systemic Functional Linguistics

... Linguistics. That is, I believe that he has given us more insights into the nature of language and its use than any other linguist since Saussure - and perhaps even more than him. But to say that doesn’t mean that I think that Michael Halliday is always right about every aspect of the grammar of Eng ...
Existential Sentences Cross-Linguistically - e
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... refl=reflexive; sg=singular; sm=subject marker; T=tense; 1, 2, 3=first, second, third person (respectively); 1-18=noun class number for Swahili examples. ...
Language Arts Curriculum Guide Template
Language Arts Curriculum Guide Template

... various students which step of the process they are using. Include class in these discussions. b. Use brainstorming with students to practice narrowing topics from general to specific. Graphic organizers and Inspiration software are good tools for individual ...
Language Arts Curriculum Guide Template
Language Arts Curriculum Guide Template

... literature, then brainstorm the commonalities observed in the sample opening paragraphs. Model the different lead types for the same story. Have students pick the best. Then have them write several beginning paragraphs for a certain narrative type letting classmates choose the most effective. When d ...
French I - SchoolNotes
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... Vocab – all 3 leçons (know how to spell all infi nitives) Conversations Culturelles – all 3 leçons (Be able to fi ll in blanks with key expressions from the Conversations Culturelles) Subject pronouns (be able to decide which subject pronoun to use when shown a group of people) Infinitives (know wha ...
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ABSTRACT MEASURING PREDICATES Alexis Wellwood, Doctor of
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... part-whole structures of Jco↵eeK and JrunK. In contrast, GAs like hot and quickly lexically incorporate specific degree predicates—ones that need not (and often do not) preserve such structure. Nevertheless, that the semantics of much is variable but constrained in these ways raises the question of ...
LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING POLITENESS
LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING POLITENESS

... means of expressing positive politeness were found in the play “Pygmalion” for avoiding offence from both of sides: low and high social circle. Euphemisms are used for dissimulation, to refer to taboo topics (such as disability or death) in a polite way, and to mask profanity. For example, on the pr ...
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HAY There is, there are…

... A main use of HABER In the special 3rd person form to signal the existence of one of more nouns:  Hay un libro en la mesa.  There is a book on the table. ...
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Teaching Guide 7
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... What are they doing? and What else can you see in the picture? Say the language that appears in the ‘speech bubbles’ in these pictures. Ask students to repeat it. Where possible, demonstrate the language using objects in the classroom. Also on the first page of each unit is a grammar box containing ...
Unit 1 - cloudfront.net
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... Nominative Case I we you you he, she, it they ...
Pi-lan
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... The interrogative is derived in terms of the ordering; the first is V-raising because the Aux does not dominate a Modal and the verb with the feature specification [+AUX] is raised to Aux to support Tense; the second is Aux-raising that satisfies the [+Q]-Comp. Finally, the surface structure emerge ...
Using the Oxford Thesaurus of English
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... • Oxford Dictionary of English 2e © Oxford University Press 2003 • Oxford Thesaurus of English 2e © Oxford University Press 2004 • Oxford Dictionary of Quotations 6e © Oxford University Press 2004 • Oxford Crossword Dictionary © Oxford University Press 2005 • Oxford Puzzle Solver © Oxford University ...
An introduction to ecclesiastical latin
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... Vernacular Latin also continued to grow and, like all growing organisms, to absorb many elements from its surroundings. Those who spoke it were not deterred b y any fear of t h e school­ master or t h e audiences i n t h e recitation rooms from adding new words when they were required t o express ne ...
The neuter in Bantu A Systemic Functional analysis
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... introduced in section 1.1. In doing so, I use the theory of SFG as an analytical tool. Although usually the general theory and specific description interact with and challenge each other, I believe that in this dissertation the use of the theoretical apparatus of SFG has enriched the description of ...
MS Word - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
MS Word - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... and a formal notation for their specification using notions of systemic-functional grammar (SFG). In Section 2, we present the following list of functional regions identified in our study and described in this deliverable: Transitivity, Diathesis, Mood, Tense, Aspect, Clause complexity, Word order a ...
Icelandic Case-marked PRO and the licensing of
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... The purpose of this paper is twofold: to present this Icelandic evidence and to develop a coherent explanation of the fact that even case-marked and governed subjects in PRO infinitives must not be lexicalized. My central theoretical claims are, first, that pro and all lexical arguments must be lice ...
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... discussed. Important grammatical categories are introduced here. 0.6.3. Chapter Three: Compatibility of NL and IL The third chapter looks into the compatibility of NL and IL. Here the structure of IL and Indian languages are compared. If parts of speech such as Noun Phrase, Adjective, etc., are used ...
Practice - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Practice - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

... • All entry words are in ABC order. • A sample sentence tells how each word is used. • Each dictionary page has two guide words at the top. The guide word on the left tells the first word on the page. The guide word on the right tells the last word on the page. Look closely at this page from a dicti ...
Perfect Your Sentences
Perfect Your Sentences

... Here the error lies in using an adjective instead of an adverb. We use adverbs to modify verbs. Most adverbs end in –ly; there are also a few adjectives that end in – ly. Examples are: costly, friendly, lively, likely, lonely, lovely, silly and ugly. There are no adverbs costly/costlily or friendly/ ...
LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

... These facts clearly indicate that the structure of all languages must be based on the nature of man. This is not an original idea; indeed, much of the current work in linguistics in all theoretical frameworks proceeds from this position. For example, it is basic to Chomsky’s concept of linguistic un ...
Introduction with a State of the Art in Generative Slovenian Syntax
Introduction with a State of the Art in Generative Slovenian Syntax

... The study of Slovenian syntax in the generative framework gained significant popularity in the last 15 years. Numerous articles have been published that include Slovenian data and in some cases take Slovenian data as their starting point or main focus. Papers discussing Slovenian syntax have appeare ...
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Esperanto grammar

For Esperanto morphology, see also Esperanto vocabularyEsperanto is a constructed auxiliary language. A highly regular grammar makes Esperanto much easier to learn than most other languages of the world, though particular features may be more or less advantageous or difficult depending on the language background of the learner. Parts of speech are immediately obvious, for example: Τhe suffix -o indicates a noun, -a an adjective, -as a present-tense verb, and so on for other grammatical functions. An extensive system of affixes may be freely combined with roots to generate vocabulary; and the rules of word formation are straightforward, allowing speakers to communicate with a much smaller root vocabulary than in most other languages. It is possible to communicate effectively with a vocabulary built upon 400 to 500 roots, though there are numerous specialized vocabularies for sciences, professions, and other activities. Reference grammars of the language include the Plena Analiza Gramatiko (English: Complete Analytical Grammar) by Kálmán Kalocsay and Gaston Waringhien, and the Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (English: Complete Handbook of Esperanto Grammar) by Bertilo Wennergren.
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