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Buntús na Gaeilge - Harvard University
Buntús na Gaeilge - Harvard University

... Mayo, and Donegal, where an average of 76.3% of residents are Irish speakers (Ó Murchú 1999). There are significant numbers of native speakers living in urban areas, either migrants from Gaeltacht areas or those brought up in Irish-speaking households. Irish is a Celtic language, part of the Indo-Eu ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
View/Open - Minerva Access

... The most interesting and important grammatical subsystem in Oksapmin is the evidential one, which permeates various areas of the grammar. Without proper knowledge of this system, one cannot make a single grammatical sentence in the language. Recall that evidentiality is, roughly speaking, when a spe ...
Michelle Anne Long A Thesis - Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Michelle Anne Long A Thesis - Bibliothèque et Archives Canada

... Argument language. Primarily, I account for the distinction between adjunct-like and complement-likeclauses, in a way which is not based upon their structural position. In configurational languages like English and French, complement and adjunct clauses are differentiated by the structural position ...
Cross-linguistic priming of syntactic hierarchical
Cross-linguistic priming of syntactic hierarchical

... similar syntactic structures in the languages they know (e.g., Chomsky, 1981; Greenberg, 1966; Hawkins, 1988) by representing these syntactic structures only once or by representing them in a highly integrated way. On the other hand, it could be argued that there are so many syntactic differences bet ...
The Marshallese Complemetizer Phrase
The Marshallese Complemetizer Phrase

... Thus the distinction between in/e is parallel to determiners je- which is 1st PL IN- and kim- 1st PL EX. ne- Ne, 2nd person, means close to the listener. en- En means away from both the speaker and the listener and is the 3rd person determiner. English does not make the distinction between 2nd and 3 ...
General Semantics - Division of Social Sciences
General Semantics - Division of Social Sciences

... simplicity at one place trades off against simplicity these trade-offs that my approach differs most from ...
Natural Language Generation
Natural Language Generation

... => object, physical object -- (a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full of rackets, balls and other objects") => entity, physical thing -- (that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own physical existence (living or nonliving) ...
Māori Vocabulary: A Study of Some High Frequency Homonyms
Māori Vocabulary: A Study of Some High Frequency Homonyms

... counts of Maori language texts count the form kī as the same word, regardless of its meaning. Unless different meanings of the same word-form are counted as different words, such counts will underestimate the vocabulary of the Māori language. (Homonymy is not the only explanation for the low count; ...
The distribution of pronoun case forms in English
The distribution of pronoun case forms in English

... pronoun case variation that cannot be given a purely case-based account occur in strong pronoun contexts. The consistent nominative/objective case distinction found with weak pronouns is due to their syntactic deficiency and the increasing importance of Positional Case in English. Unlike strong pron ...
Theme markedness in English and Spanish: A
Theme markedness in English and Spanish: A

... Topic is our next element of concern. Here we will have to face yet another definition for all the concepts under consideration. Givón (1983) agrees that the tradition has always divided the sentence, or clause, into two components. One of them is the focus (also called ‘rheme’, ‘comment’, ‘new inf ...
sghs english handbook - Sweet Grass County High School
sghs english handbook - Sweet Grass County High School

... ordinarily be expressed in numerals and symbols if you can do so in three words or fewer (seventeen percent, thirty-five pounds, eighty-nine cents, five dollars). Present large numbers with a combination of numbers and words (300 million). Things become more complicated when there is a mix of uses. ...
Lessons, Exercises, and Readings in the Writer`s
Lessons, Exercises, and Readings in the Writer`s

... Linguistics is the study of language structures and meaning. Linguistics, as an academic discipline, embraces scientific approaches to determine patterns in speech and in writing. Linguists are people who specialize in Linguistics or who speak a number of languages. They also seek to address the soc ...
И - English Classes
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... as it deals with vocabulary. With the restrictions stated above, I have endeavoured to use standard definitions and accepted terminology, though it was not always easy, there being various different conventions adopted in the existing literature. The 3rd edition follows the theoretical concepts of t ...
Adjectives and Argument Structure
Adjectives and Argument Structure

... The last decades have seen a growing interest in the study of argument structure. The different θroles assigned by various predicates were identified, the principles governing argument projection to syntactic positions were investigated, and a variety of diathesis alternations were analyzed. However ...
Introduction to Specific Language Impairment/SLI
Introduction to Specific Language Impairment/SLI

... The word the is termed a definite article in traditional grammars, and the word a(n) is traditionally classified as an indefinite article. Articles are frequently omitted by SLI children in obligatory contexts (i.e. in contexts where it would be obligatory for an adult speaker to use an article). On ...
Journal of Memory and Language
Journal of Memory and Language

... The empty position that the relative pronoun leaves behind in the structure (indicated by e in (8) and (9)) is called a gap, and the relative pronoun is the filler for this gap. The AFS states that when a reader encounters a filler, it is assigned to the earliest possible gap position. In relative c ...
6:201-236 - Linguistics at Cambridge
6:201-236 - Linguistics at Cambridge

... There is at least one logical flaw in the short explanation given above of the problem that Agreeing Inversion can cause for the EPP: the only observation we can make so far is that nothing linearly precedes the verb in an inversion construction like (9). This does not necessarily mean that structura ...
Hidden Markov Models
Hidden Markov Models

... Ordinal numeral Indefinite pronoun Personal pronoun Wh-pronoun Reflexive pronoun The possessive or genitive marker The preposition of Preposition (except for of Punctuation: left bracket Punctuation: general separating mark Punctuation: quotation mark Punctuation: right bracket Infinitive marker to ...
On Comparative Suppletion
On Comparative Suppletion

... Another point to note is the potential distinction between root-suppletion and whole-word suppletion. Consider the English pairs good-better and bad-worse. In the latter pair, the unsegmentable suppletive form worse appears to express both the root BAD and the comparative degree, and thus might be c ...
Ahland_oregon_0171A_10546 - Scholars` Bank
Ahland_oregon_0171A_10546 - Scholars` Bank

... morphosyntactic categories, in particular as relator nouns, verbal classifiers, and class morphemes, the final two of which are noun categorization devices. Many of these same body part terms can be incorporated into the verb or form part of lexicalized verb-noun compounds. Deverbal nominalizations ...
How Spellzone fits in with the national curriculum
How Spellzone fits in with the national curriculum

... units ( together with all word lists) can be set as classroom and homework tasks for whole Year Groups, classes, or individual students and this can help to encourage parental involvement in your student's studies. For reporting and evaluation purposes, student's progress and results are tracked reg ...
Phrases
Phrases

... of words that acts as a unit and does NOT have a subject and verb. It consists of a noun (and all of its modifiers) that renames or provides additional information about another noun in the sentence. ...
emphatic repetition in spoken arabic
emphatic repetition in spoken arabic

... All repetition needed to be accounted for before emphatic repetition could be analysed. Initial formal coding relied on Johnstone’s (1994) dimensions for repetition: (1) what is repeated, that is, the linguistic level at which the repetition occurs, determined for the present study as (a) noticeably ...
Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar
Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar

... Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar Petr Horáček, Eva Zámečnı́ková and Ivana Burgetová Department of Information Systems Faculty of Information Technology Brno University of Technology ...
2 - NIS
2 - NIS

... 1. The children will plant tulips in the garden. 2. The adults are going to plant roses. 3. The garden will have many pretty flowers. 4. I think we should plant trees too. Think of new plural nouns to replace the ones in the sentences above. Write each new sentence. ...
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Esperanto grammar

For Esperanto morphology, see also Esperanto vocabularyEsperanto is a constructed auxiliary language. A highly regular grammar makes Esperanto much easier to learn than most other languages of the world, though particular features may be more or less advantageous or difficult depending on the language background of the learner. Parts of speech are immediately obvious, for example: Τhe suffix -o indicates a noun, -a an adjective, -as a present-tense verb, and so on for other grammatical functions. An extensive system of affixes may be freely combined with roots to generate vocabulary; and the rules of word formation are straightforward, allowing speakers to communicate with a much smaller root vocabulary than in most other languages. It is possible to communicate effectively with a vocabulary built upon 400 to 500 roots, though there are numerous specialized vocabularies for sciences, professions, and other activities. Reference grammars of the language include the Plena Analiza Gramatiko (English: Complete Analytical Grammar) by Kálmán Kalocsay and Gaston Waringhien, and the Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (English: Complete Handbook of Esperanto Grammar) by Bertilo Wennergren.
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