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Master`s Thesis - Nikhil Krishnaswamy
Master`s Thesis - Nikhil Krishnaswamy

... “I have eaten” describes how the action is complete at the time of utterance, and the simple present “I eat” describes a single, current action. In general terms, temporal aspect reflects how the event changes (or does not change) with respect to time. Extending the analogy to space, we can say that ...
Colloquial Tamil
Colloquial Tamil

... languages into Roman, c is used for a sound similar to that represented by ‘ch’ in English ‘church’. This sound often alternates with s at the beginning of a word. It is important not to pronounce the letters t and d as in English. Used for Tamil, these letters represent dental sounds (as in French) ...
1 Rise of the Auxiliaries: a case for auxiliary raising vs. affix
1 Rise of the Auxiliaries: a case for auxiliary raising vs. affix

... being? Do they raise to a functional head to combine with their aspectual inflections in a way similar to their finite forms, or do they remain in their base positions and have these inflections somehow lowered onto them, similar to the lexical verb? This is essentially the debate of whether we have ...
Overt Nominative Subjects in Infinitival Complements
Overt Nominative Subjects in Infinitival Complements

... control is an instance of movement/chain formation (Hornstein 1999, Boeckx & Hornstein, to app., Bowers, to app.), it is in principle possible for overt DPs to occur in the subject positions mentioned in (11). Languages might choose to pronounce all copies, or just some lower copy. The fact that thi ...
9. - Universität Erfurt
9. - Universität Erfurt

... grammaticalization can contribute anything towards their clarification. The various modes of contrasting different languages, including language typology and universals research, are discussed in the perspective of grammaticalization in ch. 7. Ch. 8 concentrates on the diachronic aspect of grammatic ...
Tense, Aspect, Aktionsart and Related Areas
Tense, Aspect, Aktionsart and Related Areas

... it simple vs. progressive or simple vs. continuous – are somewhat unfortunate because they do not represent complementary antonyms7 . Still, these names are remarkably widespread, if not ubiquitous, in grammars and textbooks. From a logico-semantic viewpoint the names simple vs. composed (complex, c ...
Select this.
Select this.

... grammaticalization can contribute anything towards their clarification. The various modes of contrasting different languages, including language typology and universals research, are discussed in the perspective of grammaticalization in ch. 7. Ch. 8 concentrates on the diachronic aspect of grammatic ...
- 1 - Adpositions from nouns, one way or another Das war `ne heiße
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... denominal, too. However, the way it has been transformed into an adposition is rather different, although it does exemplify typical elements of grammaticalisation. This must be common knowledge among Germanists, for it is all in Grimm & Grimm (et al.): the entire factual information for the history ...
grammaticalization and the semantic
grammaticalization and the semantic

... of grammaticalization and modal verbs in a seminar on German language change, so I must thank Stefanie Stricker for first introducing me to this exciting field of linguistic research. I also owe a debt of gratitude to Angelika Lutz for her assistance with and helpful comments on early versions of th ...
Challenging Discrete Approaches to Secondary
Challenging Discrete Approaches to Secondary

... intending to subscribe to any particular theory at the moment, I will apply the widely-used term 'secondary predicate' to the predicative phrase XP and will call syntactic patterns including such a phrase 'secondary-predicate constructions'. ...
Reciprocals in Yukaghir languages
Reciprocals in Yukaghir languages

... 1.1 The Yukaghir languages. The Yukaghir languages are spoken in several little villages in the Yakut Republic, in the basin of the Kolyma river. These languages are considered either an isolated group or a sub-family of the Uralic-Yukaghir family. There are now approximately 150 native speakers of ...
SOME BASIC RULES OF WELSH GRAMMAR Cynnwys
SOME BASIC RULES OF WELSH GRAMMAR Cynnwys

... ‘car’ is ‘ceir’ note the use of the singular form after numbers. e.g. one car - un car ten cars - deg car eight cars - wyth car ...
10 Conclusions - General Guide To Personal and Societies Web
10 Conclusions - General Guide To Personal and Societies Web

... of study. We shall not pursue the philosophical arguments and counter-arguments concerning E-Language and I-Language (but see for example [DUMM86], [CHOM96]), but shall use the notions of E-Language and I-Language to differentiate between the natural language text to be processed, which can be uniqu ...
OBJECT FUNCTIONS AND THE SYNTAX OF
OBJECT FUNCTIONS AND THE SYNTAX OF

... object that bears the theme role preceding the object which expresses the recipient role. Cantonese as a language does not uniformly have the direct (theme) object ii ...
is case a functional unit: latin genitive
is case a functional unit: latin genitive

... Nor do we establish the synchronic unity of the adnominal uses of the genitive, by postulating a more or less analogical extension and making diachrony intervene more or less explicitly. It is in fact only at the diachronic level that it is possible to acknowledge that “once the schema of internomin ...
Class VIII Infinitive_2015
Class VIII Infinitive_2015

... ἤκουσαν τοῦτο αὐτὸν πεποιηκέναι τὸ σημεῖον They heard he had done this sign  Nuances cannot be translated into English generally ...
COMPARATIVE STRUCTURES OF EAST CREE AND ENGLISH
COMPARATIVE STRUCTURES OF EAST CREE AND ENGLISH

... Children are especially good language learners, as most adults will have noticed. For reasons science has yet to adequately explain, children are particularly well-placed in terms of their cognitive abilities to acquire new languages. With adequate exposure to the second language, with good teaching ...
8. ADJECTIVES The adjective system includes all the words and
8. ADJECTIVES The adjective system includes all the words and

... attributively and the ability to function predicatively are central features of Adj. 1. Attributive Adj. are the words that come between a determiner and the noun in a NP. They can only modify N. my favourite book 2. Predicative Adj. are Adj. that occur without a N in a predicate of a sentence (usu ...
$doc.title

... if  the  verb  agrees  with  them  in  person,  as  in  4.  Object  pronouns  can  be  null;  possessor   pronouns  are  always  null.       (4)   Pronouns  that  trigger  agreement  in  person  are  always  null     taitai   ...
Grammar of the Classical Newari [SCANN]
Grammar of the Classical Newari [SCANN]

... agential or instrum ental case; w hen it is intransitive, the pure stem serves as subject. T he sam e form expresses the object or end-point of a transitive action. An exam ple may illustrate this, rajan dhu syatam “ through the king ligerkilling (took place)” ; raja wonam “ king-going (took place)” ...
Meaning Through Syntax: Language
Meaning Through Syntax: Language

... this article. It is object reduced relatives that have been the focus of much psycholinguistic research. For the object reduced relative construction, we propose that it is used to denote a discourse entity characterized by a particular function. The function is defined in the following way: partici ...
- UM Students` Repository
- UM Students` Repository

... punctuation, spelling, and phonetic transcription of the vocabulary, tests, visual aids and dialogues. The findings also showed that the materials were interesting and logically sequenced. The exercises suited the students' level and their interest. Ababneh (2007) conducted a study by analyzing the ...
Complex Predicates Müller, Stefan
Complex Predicates Müller, Stefan

... is relevant for the markedness of examples with reference to indirect objects. In Chapter 5 I show that resultative constructions in German behave like raising constructions. A lexical rule will be suggested that transitivizes intransitive verbs and adds a result predicate. The most complex phenomen ...
thesis the translation of indonesian passive voice into english with
thesis the translation of indonesian passive voice into english with

... the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Concerning this statement, it can be obviously seen that meaning of a SL text must be replaced by the closest natural equivalent in the TL. In line with this ...
Braj in Brief - Hindi Urdu Flagship
Braj in Brief - Hindi Urdu Flagship

... If all this metrical detail wearies you, ignore it and move on. I will at some point add recordings of the couplets included here. In gnomic genres of the kind found in Vnd’s Nīti Satsai, the first line postulates an abstract thought, and the second confirms it with a concrete illustration: thus in ...
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Navajo grammar

Navajo is a ""verb-heavy"" language — it has a great preponderance of verbs but relatively few nouns. In addition to verbs and nouns, Navajo has other elements such as pronouns, clitics of various functions, demonstratives, numerals, postpositions, adverbs, and conjunctions, among others. Harry Hoijer grouped all of the above into a word-class he called particles (i.e., Navajo would then have verbs, nouns, and particles). Navajo has no separate words that correspond to the adjectives in English grammar: verbs provide the adjectival functionality.
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