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A Phase-Based Approach to ECM across CP in Korean
A Phase-Based Approach to ECM across CP in Korean

... and ECM with a transitive verb then follows from the difference as to whether the embedded verbal projection is a phase or not. So far I have shown that if we assume that LD ECM is mediated by VP-movement, not only the existence of LD ECM is expected under the PIC, but also the contrast between the ...
Activity - alpvols
Activity - alpvols

... I applaud and thank Diane Turso, my proofreader, for her meticulous work and careful review of this and other books that I have written. Thanks to all my students, past and present, for making my teaching experiences both memorable and fulfilling. As always, thanks to my wife, Chris, and my two daug ...
1 Liliane Haegeman UFR Angellier Introducing some basic
1 Liliane Haegeman UFR Angellier Introducing some basic

... author again uses a noun number , but this is a special creative use: this noun number is related to a verb (numb, 'make numb'). This verb numb itself is a so-called causative verb (‘x numbs y’ means ‘x causes y to become numb’), which is related to the adjective numb (6c). The causative verb numb i ...
The GRAMMAR Teacher`s Activity-a-Day
The GRAMMAR Teacher`s Activity-a-Day

... I applaud and thank Diane Turso, my proofreader, for her meticulous work and careful review of this and other books that I have written. Thanks to all my students, past and present, for making my teaching experiences both memorable and fulfilling. As always, thanks to my wife, Chris, and my two daug ...
How to Tell the Parts of Speech: An Introduction to
How to Tell the Parts of Speech: An Introduction to

... principle of English ...
On the Reciprocal in Ndebele - Nordic Journal of African Studies
On the Reciprocal in Ndebele - Nordic Journal of African Studies

... languages like Chichewa. The morphology of the verbal constructions in Bantu is complex. It shows “… the fullest extent of the agglutinative nature of the Bantu language family” Wald (1987: 291). The Ndebele verbal morphology typically comprise of a verb root (VR) to which extensions such as the cau ...
TEST YOUR VOCABULARY English Vocabulary in Use:elementary
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... A It's untidy. B It's dying. C It isn't working. D It's out of order. ...
Presentation Plus! - CMS-Grade8-ELA-Reading-2010
Presentation Plus! - CMS-Grade8-ELA-Reading-2010

... Verbs with Indirect Objects (cont.) • Second, you can add the preposition to or for before the indirect object and change its position.  • The sentence will still make sense, although there will no longer be an indirect object.  – Friends sent the actors flowers. [Actors is an indirect object.]  ...
Review Of "Italian Syntax: A Government-Binding Approach
Review Of "Italian Syntax: A Government-Binding Approach

... bill, but not to others, the rule is not productive in the sense required of syntactic rules (cf. Chomsky 1970, Wasow 1977). Why should the criteria for lexical productivity be any looser than the criteria for syntactic productivity, if there really is a lexical rule involved? I contend that no lexi ...
Instructions
Instructions

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4 Syntax
4 Syntax

... function words. Certainly their lexical status is different from that of nouns or verbs which have maximum descriptive content. Overlap between certain categories is also found. For instance, some personal pronouns can function as determiners in sentences like We teachers don’t believe you linguists ...
Jennings and Syntax
Jennings and Syntax

... Imperative sentence: gives a command or makes a request. It usually ends with a period but can, under certain circumstances, end with an exclamation point! Interrogative sentence: asks a question. This type of sentence often begins with who, what, where, when, why, how, or do, and it ends with a que ...
Towards the Extraction of
Towards the Extraction of

... The genus may consist of a set of prepositional phrases after the initial noun phrase. The differentia may be introduced by subordinated sentences composed by noun, adjective and prepositional phrases. Quotation marks are one of the most common typographical features. Authoring references usually ac ...
Jennings and Syntax Assignment: After reading and annotating the
Jennings and Syntax Assignment: After reading and annotating the

... Imperative sentence: gives a command or makes a request. It usually ends with a period but can, under certain circumstances, end with an exclamation point! Interrogative sentence: asks a question. This type of sentence often begins with who, what, where, when, why, how, or do, and it ends with a que ...
Locative and locatum verbs revisited
Locative and locatum verbs revisited

... explanatory power than those previously reviewed semantic approaches. Undoubtedly, one of the most attractive qualities of Hale and Keyser’s approach is their principled answer to the limits of argument structure, which (more generally) can also be argued to constrain the configurational part of lex ...
Horace & Morris
Horace & Morris

...  Adding the suffix –est to quick to make quickest changes its meaning to the “most fast.”  Think of other words you can add the suffix –est. ...
Horace & Morris-1Lewis
Horace & Morris-1Lewis

...  Adding the suffix –est to quick to make quickest changes its meaning to the “most fast.”  Think of other words you can add the suffix –est. ...
chapter-vi conclusion
chapter-vi conclusion

... of the great Bodo race. Ethnically, the Tiwas are of Mongoloid origin. The Tiwas are mainly the inhabitants of Assam. But they also inhabited some part of neighbouring state of Meghalaya. In a linguistic perspective, the Tiwa language belongs to the Bodo-Naga sub-group of Tibeto-Burman group of Sino ...
Punctuation - Ashland Theological Seminary
Punctuation - Ashland Theological Seminary

... Pronouns: A pronoun substitutes for a noun. We will never have friends if we expect to find them without fault. ...
ADJECTIVE
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Style Guide
Style Guide

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The grammar of hitting and breaking in Kimaragang Dusun
The grammar of hitting and breaking in Kimaragang Dusun

... lacking on intransitive verbs.3 Many verbal roots occur in both transitive and intransitive forms, as illustrated in (3) with the root patay „die; kill‟. In the most productive pattern, and the one of interest to us here, the intransitive form has an inchoative (change of state) meaning while the tr ...
A Bi-Polar Theory of Nominal and Clause Structure and Function
A Bi-Polar Theory of Nominal and Clause Structure and Function

... is unproblematic—two relational heads are conjoined, rather than a verb head being conjoined with an adjectival complement. As Grootjen et al. note, many of the problematic cases of conjunction which on the surface appear to involve the conjunction of different types of constituents, are resolved if ...
Identifying and Writing Infinitive Phrases Skills Focus
Identifying and Writing Infinitive Phrases Skills Focus

... B. Probably the most recognizable lines ever written that contain infinitive phrases occur in Act III, scene 1 of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Read the lines from the play and then highlight the infinitive phrases. To be or not to be, that is the question: Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slin ...
Grimshaw on Inversion
Grimshaw on Inversion

... assumption that these are part of GEN. Hence only candidates which conform to X-bar theory enter the competition and can emerge as optimal. Structures which do not conform to X-bar principles do not compete and therefore they can never be grammatical. Grimshaw’s main development in this area is the ...
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Chinese grammar



This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.
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