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50 Years of Stupid Grammar Advice
50 Years of Stupid Grammar Advice

... are. Given the evidence that they can't even tell actives from passives, my guess would be that it is sheer ignorance. They know a few terms, like "subject" and "verb" and "phrase," but they do not control them well enough to monitor and analyze the structure of what they write. There is of course n ...
Progression in the Teaching of Writing and Grammar Items in purple
Progression in the Teaching of Writing and Grammar Items in purple

... written it down so I can check what it said Topic sentences to introduce non-fiction Use of present perfect instead of simple paragraphs e.g. Dragons are found across the world. past. He has left his hat behind, as opposed to He left his hat behind. ...
Document
Document

... features of the phoneme. Demonstrate the ability of the phoneme to differentiate the meaning. Phonetic features and natural classes In 2.3 it is mentioned that segments are units of phonetic transcription. When we describe each segment in terms of places of articulation, manners of articulation, voi ...
sentences with clarity and style
sentences with clarity and style

... That  advertisers  can  benefit  from   ...
La Salud - WLWV Staff Blogs
La Salud - WLWV Staff Blogs

... puede hablar. Notice that the bolded/underlined word is immediately following another, so you just plug an unchanged/unconjugated verb in that spot. This is true 99% of the time. ...
SSCEXAMFORUM.COM - SSC EXAMS FORUM
SSCEXAMFORUM.COM - SSC EXAMS FORUM

... There is a book on the table. There are two books on the table. There is a lot of milk in the jar. There is nothing for you to do here. ...
Smiley Face Tricks and Revved Up Sentences Handout _Recovered_
Smiley Face Tricks and Revved Up Sentences Handout _Recovered_

... last his arm fell to his side. “You may as well come out,” he said with a frown. Winnie stood up, embarrassed, and because of that, resentful. “I didn’t mean to watch you,” she protested as she stepped into the clearing. “I didn’t know anyone would be hear.” ...
v and iz 14
v and iz 14

... of an entity. The scheme of the Figure 4 represents the vertical axis of a bi-dimensional diagram where is represented the state of an entity. We consider that the notion of going to the exterior is still perceived even if it is quite slight. The books that are scattered all over the desk (29) are n ...
Look and Listen Make it Make Sense
Look and Listen Make it Make Sense

... (be close to) whatever they are referring to. • Sentences become confused if a descriptive word, phrase, or clause is separated from the verb, noun, pronoun, etc. that it should be connected to (its antecedent). • Note: Misplaced modifiers are a common ACT trick. If multiple answers sound right to y ...
Common errors in writing technical English papers
Common errors in writing technical English papers

...  Respectively must be used only with two lists of things which are being matched up one-to-one. If there are not two lists of things specified, then do not use it.  When you do use it, separate it from the sentence by commas.  “Serena Williams and Roger Federer won the women's and men's singles t ...
TIMING OF VERB SELECTION IN JAPANESE SENTENCE
TIMING OF VERB SELECTION IN JAPANESE SENTENCE

... receive case from different sources. The case-assigner of object nouns is generally considered to be the lexical head V(erb), while that of subject nouns is considered to be the functional head I(nflection) in nominative-accusative languages (Chomsky, 1981). Finally, objects have a closer constituen ...
Building an HPSG-based Indonesian Resource Grammar (INDRA)
Building an HPSG-based Indonesian Resource Grammar (INDRA)

... verbs with optional PP complements and obligatory subordinate clauses as in B said to C that D won. Unaccusative verbs with optional PP complements as in The seed grew into a tree belong to the eighth type. Ditransitive verbs with obligatory NPs and PPs with state result as in B put C on D belong to ...
Painting Pictures with Words: Basic Brush Strokes of Image Grammar
Painting Pictures with Words: Basic Brush Strokes of Image Grammar

... The pro writes: “Bill sat in a dentist’s waiting room, peeling the skin at the edge of his thumb, until the raw red flesh began to show. Biting the torn cuticle, he ripped it away, and sucked at the warm sweetness of his own blood.” (Robert Newton Peck as quoted in Noden, 1998, “Image Grammar,” p. 1 ...
Sentence Diagramming
Sentence Diagramming

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Sentences - I blog di Unica
Sentences - I blog di Unica

... Complex Sentences I am going home because it is late Here, the sentence as a whole contains the sentence-like construction “because it is late”. It is a sentence-like because it has its own Subject, it, and its own Verb, is. We refer to this construction as A CLAUSE (Proposizione in Italian). In th ...
Sentences - I blog di Unica
Sentences - I blog di Unica

... Complex Sentences I am going home because it is late Here, the sentence as a whole contains the sentence-like construction “because it is late”. It is a sentence-like because it has its own Subject, it, and its own Verb, is. We refer to this construction as A CLAUSE (Proposizione in Italian). In th ...
sentence analysis - FS: It works!
sentence analysis - FS: It works!

... best thing is to go away / to go away as soon as possible / for you to go away. • A gerund, a gerundial phrase, a gerundial construction. E.g. The topic of their conversation was swimming / swimming in the lake / their swimming in the lake. • A prepositional phrase. E.g. The things were outside her ...
noun - WordPress.com
noun - WordPress.com

... participle, there can be ambiguity between verb and adjective interpretations. They are entertaining. (v/adj) •Entertaining can be a verb when we mean “They are receiving guests” •Entertaining can be an adj when we mean “They are enjoyable”. ...
Participles and Participial Phrases
Participles and Participial Phrases

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Formal Commands!
Formal Commands!

... just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do: ...
Verbals- Rules and Exercises
Verbals- Rules and Exercises

... Gerunds: swimming, hoping, telling, eating, dreaming Infinitives: to swim, to hope, to tell, to eat, to dream Their functions, however, overlap. Gerunds always function as nouns, but infinitives often also serve as nouns. Deciding which to use can be confusing in many situations, especially for peop ...
Engaging Grammar: Practical Advice for Real
Engaging Grammar: Practical Advice for Real

... and are modified by adverbs. Linking verbs take predicate nouns and predicate adjectives. You can easily find a list of linking verbs. Your VERB may take auxiliaries (forms of have, be) and modal auxiliaries (could, should, would, can, will, shall, may, might, must). Your VERB sometimes uses a form ...
The Ergative, Absolutive, and Dative in Basque
The Ergative, Absolutive, and Dative in Basque

... been available for at least four centuries, its peculiar grammatical structure has been studiously ignored in the Western tradition of grammar, even to the present day. The occurrence in it of an ergative case was simply explained away as a form of obligatory passivization. In short, the discourse w ...
Towards an Automatic Translation of Medical Terminology and Texts
Towards an Automatic Translation of Medical Terminology and Texts

... which serve the purpose of dividing up the stages of analysis/synthesis between CS and IS into more manageable tasks. The IS level, having no linguistic justification other than that of serving for transfer, can be shaped and restricted according to these demands. In particular, the IS is designed t ...
these are exactly what you do to a sentence when you add on a free
these are exactly what you do to a sentence when you add on a free

... look at ways you can add free modifiers. This is the art of writing. This is why it takes a great author a long time to write a book. These writers spend a lot of time just sitting there, staring at their computers, wondering how to improve one sentence. That ...
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Chinese grammar



This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.
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