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Using Corpus Query Language - Cambridge University Press
Using Corpus Query Language - Cambridge University Press

... While using CQL allows you to perform very powerful searches, it should be used with care when searching in the Cambridge Learner Corpus. The POS tagger used on the CLC can make some errors in its application of these tags due to the nature of the language used in the exam scripts. For this reason, ...
C98-1061 - Association for Computational Linguistics
C98-1061 - Association for Computational Linguistics

... be applied after the partial parsing of a sentence (using the grammar described in Figure 4) and before obtaining its logical formula. This algorithm is shown in Figure 5 and it will deal with pronominal references, surface-count anaphora and one-anaphora. This algorithm will take a slot structure ( ...
Practice - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Practice - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

... Have you ever enjoyed this winter activity? • An imperative sentence tells or asks someone to do something. It ends with a period. Try it sometime if you can. • An exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation mark. What giant footprints these are! • A compound sentence cont ...
281 A FUNCTIONAL AND FORMAL COMPARISON ON ADJECTIVE
281 A FUNCTIONAL AND FORMAL COMPARISON ON ADJECTIVE

... relative clause as a modifier. It cannot be removed from the noun phrase without changing the meaning of the sentence. In other words, “the omission of the adjective clause robs the sentence of a most essential fact. (Allen, 1995)”. However, when the subordinator which introduces the restrictive rel ...
Typological variation of the adjectival class
Typological variation of the adjectival class

... European languages—are modeled on languages with parts-of-speech systems organized into the four major classes of verb, noun, adjective, and adverb. Cross-linguistic investigation shows that not all languages fit this pattern: while nouns and verbs appear to be essentially universal, languages that ...
1. Introduction - Studies in African Linguistics
1. Introduction - Studies in African Linguistics

... right. In other words, apparent shift by two syllables is decomposed into a special feature of underlying forms plus one tone shift rule. Roberts [1992] posits three separate tone spreading rules, each spreading tone once to the right. Sietsema [1989], in contrast, posits metrical structure which, g ...
Semantic Annotation of Deverbal Nominalizations in the Spanish
Semantic Annotation of Deverbal Nominalizations in the Spanish

... and its possible values are: event, result and underspecified. This information is assigned to deverbal nouns together with the attribute , whose value is the base verb; thus, ensuring the connection with the corresponding verbal lexical entry of AnCora-VerbEs (Apar ...
Semantic Annotation of Deverbal Nominalizations in the Spanish
Semantic Annotation of Deverbal Nominalizations in the Spanish

... and its possible values are: event, result and underspecified. This information is assigned to deverbal nouns together with the attribute , whose value is the base verb; thus, ensuring the connection with the corresponding verbal lexical entry of AnCora-VerbEs (Apar ...
a corpus-based description GLEDHILL
a corpus-based description GLEDHILL

... termed artificial languages (the term can apply to the terminology of chemistry to the notation of mathematics: Swales 1990). This term was applied later on to universal language projects, although some adherents now prefer the term planned language (Blanke 1985). A planned language is a project to ...
Full proceedings volume - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
Full proceedings volume - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... exploitation of each other’s ideas. In the call for papers, we have tried to motivate the authors of the papers to bring in novel, maybe even controversial ideas rather than to repeat old practice. Two types of contributions are included in the programme of the workshop and in these Proceedings: (a) ...
И - English Classes
И - English Classes

... as it deals with vocabulary. With the restrictions stated above, I have endeavoured to use standard definitions and accepted terminology, though it was not always easy, there being various different conventions adopted in the existing literature. The 3rd edition follows the theoretical concepts of t ...
Book Seven 1 Review of Elements: Prefixes, Bases, and Suffixes 2
Book Seven 1 Review of Elements: Prefixes, Bases, and Suffixes 2

... when they are added to certain stems. The consonants change their sound and spelling to be more like, or similar to, the first sound and letter in the stem. When sounds and letters change this way to be more similar to a sound or letter near them, the process is called assimilation. For instance, th ...
CEA Grammar Exercises - Telemachos Publishing
CEA Grammar Exercises - Telemachos Publishing

... modifiers allows for creativity on the part of the student as numerous analysis modifiers are possible and often more than one key word exists that can be used as the repeat modifier. Pay close attention to the student’s ability to make an appropriate combination that includes most of the necessary ...
Guide to Revising Grammar and Punctuation
Guide to Revising Grammar and Punctuation

... A second sound that you make when you’ve eaten your food too quickly A ball game What function will an adverb normally serve in a sentence? It will give more information about a verb, adjective, or another adverb ...
HOW TO SPEAK AND WRITE CORRECTLY CONTENTS CHAPTER I REQUIREMENTS OF SPEECH
HOW TO SPEAK AND WRITE CORRECTLY CONTENTS CHAPTER I REQUIREMENTS OF SPEECH

... writers and polite speakers use simple words. To go back to the number necessary for all purposes of conversation correspondence and writing, 2,000, we find that a great many people who pass in society as being polished, refined and educated use less, for they know less. The greatest scholar alive h ...
An equivalent of the standard of comparison relativization in Ainu
An equivalent of the standard of comparison relativization in Ainu

... corresponding main clause with zero anaphora which is possible in both verb and noun (possessive) phrases. Relative clauses may involve as their heads not only common nouns, but also a few so-called bound nouns with generic semantics, which are peculiar in that they cannot occur on their own and mus ...
chapter i - Cmadras.com
chapter i - Cmadras.com

... same purpose, is a sign of ignorance. Great scholars and writers and polite speakers use simple words. To go back to the number necessary for all purposes of conversation correspondence and writing, 2,000, we find that a great many people who pass in society as being polished, refined and educated u ...
A Lexical Account of Sorani (Suleymaniye) Kurdish Prepositions
A Lexical Account of Sorani (Suleymaniye) Kurdish Prepositions

... in which case sar mêz is a PP and la sar mêz is a P[PP]. 2) La sar is a compound preposition which takes an NP complement. I will not take a stand on this issue here: further data from different dialects are necessary and it is probable that within the same dialect certain sequences must be accounte ...
Clause Identification and Classification in Bengali
Clause Identification and Classification in Bengali

... semantic parsing tasks, which is important in various NLP applications such as Machine Translation, parallel corpora alignment, Information Extraction and speech applications. Grammatically a clause is a group of words having a subject and a predicate of its own, but forming part of a sentence. Clau ...
1998 - Henk van Riemsdijk
1998 - Henk van Riemsdijk

... specifiers, adjuncts or whatever other dependents there are in a phrase. The second was the concept of endocentricity, the idea that there is an intrinsic connection between the categorial status of a head and that of the phrasal node characterizing the phrase that it is the head of. The first of th ...
Commas
Commas

... work together to deliver a paragraph’s cohesive message. If we break the text down even further, individual sentences often contain clauses (a clause is group of words containing both a subject and verb). An independent clause expresses a complete idea—thus it can stand alone as a sentence. However, ...
Shallow-Parsing Stylebook for German
Shallow-Parsing Stylebook for German

... relation of the constituents within the topological fields, either. In fact, the very structure of constituents within topological fields is left open. The model still has some clear advantages from both a theoretical and an annotation perspective: As regards the theoretical perspective it is for ex ...
Fulltext: english,
Fulltext: english,

... more elaborate semantic content. Lieber’s theory of co-indexation has an analogue in valence relations, which are established between an affix and its base on the basis of correspondences between their corresponding substructures. For example a verbal base elaborates the schematic verbal substructur ...
AnaPro, tool for identification and resolution of direct anaphora
AnaPro, tool for identification and resolution of direct anaphora

... AnaPro is software that solves direct anaphora in Spanish, specifically pronouns: it finds the noun or group of words to which the pronoun refers. It locates in the previous sentences the referent or antecedent which the pronoun replaces. An example of a direct anaphora solved is: the pronoun “he” i ...
445 prefixes and suffixes
445 prefixes and suffixes

... hypertension ill-advised, ill-expressed incomplete, insensitive impossible illegible irregular international, intermarry ...
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Compound (linguistics)

In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding or composition is the process of word formation that creates compound lexemes. That is, in familiar terms, compounding occurs when two or more words are joined to make one longer word. The meaning of the compound may be similar to or different from the meanings of its components in isolation. The component stems of a compound may be of the same part of speech—as in the case of the English word footpath, composed of the two nouns foot and path—or they may belong to different parts of speech, as in the case of the English word blackbird, composed of the adjective black and the noun bird.
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