Context-Free Grammars (CFGs) Parsing: Assigning Structure to
... N and Σ are disjoint 3. P: a set of productions (rules) of the form A → α, where A is a non-terminal and α is a collection of terminals and non-terminals ...
... N and Σ are disjoint 3. P: a set of productions (rules) of the form A → α, where A is a non-terminal and α is a collection of terminals and non-terminals ...
Document
... Language’, Bahasa Indonesia, after the independence of Indonesia in 1945, was initially used as an official language spoken by only part of the population, for instance in the governmental-ceremony occasions, schools, news etc. However, nowadays Bahasa Indonesia1 (henceforth BI) is acquired as the f ...
... Language’, Bahasa Indonesia, after the independence of Indonesia in 1945, was initially used as an official language spoken by only part of the population, for instance in the governmental-ceremony occasions, schools, news etc. However, nowadays Bahasa Indonesia1 (henceforth BI) is acquired as the f ...
Structure Section
... Distributed in the United States by IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. Distributed by CDG Books Canada Inc. for Canada; by Transworld Publishers Limited in the United Kingdom; by IDG Norge Books for Norway; by IDG Sweden Books for Sweden; by IDG Books Australia Publishing Corporation Pty. Ltd. for Australia ...
... Distributed in the United States by IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. Distributed by CDG Books Canada Inc. for Canada; by Transworld Publishers Limited in the United Kingdom; by IDG Norge Books for Norway; by IDG Sweden Books for Sweden; by IDG Books Australia Publishing Corporation Pty. Ltd. for Australia ...
On Comparative Suppletion
... root as the positive adjective, but the superlative alone is suppletive, (AAC e.g., hypothetical *bad-badder-worst). This pattern is consistent with the CSG and CCSG, as worded above, but is also unattested. I will nevertheless pursue distinct explanations for the lack of *ABA and the lack of *AAC p ...
... root as the positive adjective, but the superlative alone is suppletive, (AAC e.g., hypothetical *bad-badder-worst). This pattern is consistent with the CSG and CCSG, as worded above, but is also unattested. I will nevertheless pursue distinct explanations for the lack of *ABA and the lack of *AAC p ...
50. Verbal mood - Semantics Archive
... including the analyses of Bolinger (1968), Hooper (1975), and James (1986). Her overview of this work shows the need for a precise, rigorous analysis within a linguistically oriented semantic theory. Subsequently, mainstream work on verbal mood within semantics has been based on the idea that mood s ...
... including the analyses of Bolinger (1968), Hooper (1975), and James (1986). Her overview of this work shows the need for a precise, rigorous analysis within a linguistically oriented semantic theory. Subsequently, mainstream work on verbal mood within semantics has been based on the idea that mood s ...
A Reanalysis of English Word Stress
... stipulate that the stress be moved back two syllables in trisyllables an~ one syllable in disyllables. If rule [158] is dIspensed wIth, all the words in (17) and (18) would first receive primary stress on their final syllables by case (e) of the MSR. The words in (17) would be marked in the lexicon ...
... stipulate that the stress be moved back two syllables in trisyllables an~ one syllable in disyllables. If rule [158] is dIspensed wIth, all the words in (17) and (18) would first receive primary stress on their final syllables by case (e) of the MSR. The words in (17) would be marked in the lexicon ...
anaphora in English and Arabic
... not presented in the text . According to this relationship , the anaphora either a metaphor or a part of the lexical meaning of the antecedent .For example ; I bought a house ; the hall is very wide .here the " hall" is an anaphora for the " house ". there is a relationship between the two but it is ...
... not presented in the text . According to this relationship , the anaphora either a metaphor or a part of the lexical meaning of the antecedent .For example ; I bought a house ; the hall is very wide .here the " hall" is an anaphora for the " house ". there is a relationship between the two but it is ...
The Uzbek tense aspect modality system
... What is usually called the tense system of a language expresses not only the time a state, event or action is taking place, but also notions such as: - aspect (the temporal inner or outer view of the state or event), - evidentiality (source of knowledge), - epistemic modality (degree of certainty), ...
... What is usually called the tense system of a language expresses not only the time a state, event or action is taking place, but also notions such as: - aspect (the temporal inner or outer view of the state or event), - evidentiality (source of knowledge), - epistemic modality (degree of certainty), ...
AFF - MPG.PuRe
... my research in Atayal. He not only taught me Indonesian, Tagalog, and Austronesian linguistics, but also writing of textbooks and foreign lang~agepedagogy. He always believe6 in me and challeoged me to move forward. Professor Linda Waugh taught me morphology and semiotics. She played a crucial role ...
... my research in Atayal. He not only taught me Indonesian, Tagalog, and Austronesian linguistics, but also writing of textbooks and foreign lang~agepedagogy. He always believe6 in me and challeoged me to move forward. Professor Linda Waugh taught me morphology and semiotics. She played a crucial role ...
10. - Universität Erfurt
... the possessor and the possessum. In the prototypical case, the former is human, and the concept of the latter is relational, so that the relation inheres in the possessum. Part-whole and kinship relations are central to the domain. Relations of belonging and ownership are shaped on this model. In th ...
... the possessor and the possessum. In the prototypical case, the former is human, and the concept of the latter is relational, so that the relation inheres in the possessum. Part-whole and kinship relations are central to the domain. Relations of belonging and ownership are shaped on this model. In th ...
PDF format - Encuentro Journal
... share most of the characteristics of modal verbs but are marginal for various reasons. Unlike the central modals, ought and used are followed by to and despite prescriptive objections often combine with do in negative and interrogative constructions, like a full verb: especially in England, They don ...
... share most of the characteristics of modal verbs but are marginal for various reasons. Unlike the central modals, ought and used are followed by to and despite prescriptive objections often combine with do in negative and interrogative constructions, like a full verb: especially in England, They don ...
grammaticalization and the semantic
... which lexical items lose their semantic features and/or formal markings to serve grammatical functions. The beginnings of this process are found in Proto-Germanic, where fully lexical, stative verbs become partially grammaticalized (yet still lexical) deontic modals in Old English and Old High Germa ...
... which lexical items lose their semantic features and/or formal markings to serve grammatical functions. The beginnings of this process are found in Proto-Germanic, where fully lexical, stative verbs become partially grammaticalized (yet still lexical) deontic modals in Old English and Old High Germa ...
Subordinate clauses, switch-reference, and tail-head
... of functions, such as valency-changing, aspect, associated motion, manner, time of the day, etc. A number of verbs (e.g. mere ‘work’, kwatsabiji ‘tell a story to’) cannot carry any affix and require an auxiliary (light-verb) for this purpose. The auxiliary ju‑ ‘be’ is used when the construction is i ...
... of functions, such as valency-changing, aspect, associated motion, manner, time of the day, etc. A number of verbs (e.g. mere ‘work’, kwatsabiji ‘tell a story to’) cannot carry any affix and require an auxiliary (light-verb) for this purpose. The auxiliary ju‑ ‘be’ is used when the construction is i ...
Presente de subjuntivo
... 3. It has a change of subject (‗yo‘ in the main clause, ‗tú‘ in the subordinate clause). ...
... 3. It has a change of subject (‗yo‘ in the main clause, ‗tú‘ in the subordinate clause). ...
Negation in Uralic languages - uralicnegation
... ‘Of course, (his string of sledges) will be long, he is rich.’ 2. Verbal noun / participle + mantə: ‘as if it were true’ The second type of “inversive negative” constructions is typical for Nganasan. It uses either one of the verbal nouns or the Present or Past Participle plus the postposition mantə ...
... ‘Of course, (his string of sledges) will be long, he is rich.’ 2. Verbal noun / participle + mantə: ‘as if it were true’ The second type of “inversive negative” constructions is typical for Nganasan. It uses either one of the verbal nouns or the Present or Past Participle plus the postposition mantə ...
Georgi Kapchits Sentence particles in the Somali language and their
... The variants of the definite article for masculine nouns are -ka, -ga, -ha, -a: dal – dalka (the country), derbi – derbiga (the wall), habro – habraha (the old women), ubax – ubaxa (the flower). The variants of the definite articles for feminine nouns are -ta, -da, -sha: naag – naagta (the woman), l ...
... The variants of the definite article for masculine nouns are -ka, -ga, -ha, -a: dal – dalka (the country), derbi – derbiga (the wall), habro – habraha (the old women), ubax – ubaxa (the flower). The variants of the definite articles for feminine nouns are -ta, -da, -sha: naag – naagta (the woman), l ...
Phrase particles in the Somali language
... The variants of the definite article for masculine nouns are -ka, -ga, -ha, -a: dal – dalka (the country), derbi – derbiga (the wall), habro – habraha (the old women), ubax – ubaxa (the flower). The variants of the definite articles for feminine nouns are -ta, -da, -sha: naag – naagta (the woman), l ...
... The variants of the definite article for masculine nouns are -ka, -ga, -ha, -a: dal – dalka (the country), derbi – derbiga (the wall), habro – habraha (the old women), ubax – ubaxa (the flower). The variants of the definite articles for feminine nouns are -ta, -da, -sha: naag – naagta (the woman), l ...
El Subjuntivo con esperanzas y deseos
... I hope that I get a good grade. My parents want that I clean my room. My mom insists that we do our chores. ...
... I hope that I get a good grade. My parents want that I clean my room. My mom insists that we do our chores. ...
Jita Narrative Discourse
... A note on the texts All of the examples used in this paper are taken from a corpus of ten oral narrative texts, provided by eight narrators and used with their permission. The texts have been lightly edited to remove false starts and other performance errors, but otherwise retain features (such as ...
... A note on the texts All of the examples used in this paper are taken from a corpus of ten oral narrative texts, provided by eight narrators and used with their permission. The texts have been lightly edited to remove false starts and other performance errors, but otherwise retain features (such as ...
Minimalist Syntax Revisited
... singular form (like horse in one horse) used to denote a single entity, and a plural form (like horses in two horses) used to denote two or more entities. Common nouns have the syntactic property that only (an appropriate kind of) noun can be used to end a four-word sentence such as They have no... ...
... singular form (like horse in one horse) used to denote a single entity, and a plural form (like horses in two horses) used to denote two or more entities. Common nouns have the syntactic property that only (an appropriate kind of) noun can be used to end a four-word sentence such as They have no... ...
On the linguistic complexity of proper names
... (though perhaps do not have to) enter syntax as predicates.1 This removes one of the standardly presupposed differences between common nouns (assumed to start out as predicates) and proper names, and thus permits us to view proper names as definite descriptions when they appear in argument positions ...
... (though perhaps do not have to) enter syntax as predicates.1 This removes one of the standardly presupposed differences between common nouns (assumed to start out as predicates) and proper names, and thus permits us to view proper names as definite descriptions when they appear in argument positions ...
Pronominal clitic dependencies
... approach to the analysis of clitics is not forced, it is clearly more desirable a priori and I will adopt it as working hypothesis. As we will see, this seems largely justified a posteriori. As will be clear, I also take as point of departure the idea that this uniformity also holds true crosslingui ...
... approach to the analysis of clitics is not forced, it is clearly more desirable a priori and I will adopt it as working hypothesis. As we will see, this seems largely justified a posteriori. As will be clear, I also take as point of departure the idea that this uniformity also holds true crosslingui ...
New perspectives on Contrastive Grammar, Applied Linguistics and
... altering its meaning implications and variable elements that can be parametrized in constrained way. For example, the X variable in the level-3 requestive Can You X? construction must contain a predicate that expresses the addressee's control of the state of affairs (cf. Can you close the window? vs ...
... altering its meaning implications and variable elements that can be parametrized in constrained way. For example, the X variable in the level-3 requestive Can You X? construction must contain a predicate that expresses the addressee's control of the state of affairs (cf. Can you close the window? vs ...