reason for using passives
... ... is thought/believed/said/asked/seen/made etc to ... She is thought to have left home. He is believed to be in Wales. They are said to be millionaires. I was asked to help. Note that we use to-infinitives in the passive after see, hear and make. He was seen to enter the bank. I was made to tell t ...
... ... is thought/believed/said/asked/seen/made etc to ... She is thought to have left home. He is believed to be in Wales. They are said to be millionaires. I was asked to help. Note that we use to-infinitives in the passive after see, hear and make. He was seen to enter the bank. I was made to tell t ...
1. Constituency and Constructions Construction
... they appear initially: a book, the book there can only be one determiner per phrase: *the some books, *these much books Predeterminers: all, such, half can co-occur with determiners (if so, they precede them): all these books *these all books Postdeterminers: other, last, second (ordinals), one (car ...
... they appear initially: a book, the book there can only be one determiner per phrase: *the some books, *these much books Predeterminers: all, such, half can co-occur with determiners (if so, they precede them): all these books *these all books Postdeterminers: other, last, second (ordinals), one (car ...
Prepositions Notes - LanguageArts-NHS
... It will be some time before his schedule settles down. 1. DOWN tells the reader WHERE the schedule settles. There is no object following it. Please sit down and listen. 1. DOWN tells the listener WHERE to SIT. There is no object telling him or her WHAT to SIT DOWN. One need only look down the roster ...
... It will be some time before his schedule settles down. 1. DOWN tells the reader WHERE the schedule settles. There is no object following it. Please sit down and listen. 1. DOWN tells the listener WHERE to SIT. There is no object telling him or her WHAT to SIT DOWN. One need only look down the roster ...
(Syntactic) Lexicon and Syntax: Insertion Conditions for Derivational
... same ending ing for participles and gerunds, which is furthermore a suffix of derivational morphology for rurning verbs into both adjectives and nouns (very intriguing, a thought-provoking reading)? Many more questions can be posed in terms of the recent analyses of gerunds and participles, question ...
... same ending ing for participles and gerunds, which is furthermore a suffix of derivational morphology for rurning verbs into both adjectives and nouns (very intriguing, a thought-provoking reading)? Many more questions can be posed in terms of the recent analyses of gerunds and participles, question ...
Semantic constraints on lexical categories
... these proposals differ in detail, all postulate an expectation on the part of the language learner that there will be a one-to-one mapping between words and meanings, or more broadly, between linguistic elements and conceptual elements. Another basic constraint on meanings that appears to apply earl ...
... these proposals differ in detail, all postulate an expectation on the part of the language learner that there will be a one-to-one mapping between words and meanings, or more broadly, between linguistic elements and conceptual elements. Another basic constraint on meanings that appears to apply earl ...
Spelling, Grammar and Punctuation Teaching Sequence
... Adjectives can be used before a noun, to make the noun’s meaning more specific or after the verb be, as its complement. Adjectives are sometimes called describing words because they pick out single characteristics such as colour or size. This is often true but does not help distinguish adjectives fr ...
... Adjectives can be used before a noun, to make the noun’s meaning more specific or after the verb be, as its complement. Adjectives are sometimes called describing words because they pick out single characteristics such as colour or size. This is often true but does not help distinguish adjectives fr ...
Types of Verbs - e-Learn Université Ouargla
... ing ending. Yet, not all verbs ending in ing are gerunds. Present participles also have the same form. It is easy therefore to confuse them with a present participle. Since gerunds are derived from verbs and have an –ing ending, they do express action. However, because gerunds function as nouns, the ...
... ing ending. Yet, not all verbs ending in ing are gerunds. Present participles also have the same form. It is easy therefore to confuse them with a present participle. Since gerunds are derived from verbs and have an –ing ending, they do express action. However, because gerunds function as nouns, the ...
On Resultative Past Participles in Spanish
... Questions that look too simple are not necessarily inappropriate. Here is one: what exactly does past mean in the expression past participle? It certainly does not express that some eventuality is located in a temporal point prior to Speech Time, since past participles may be compatible with all ten ...
... Questions that look too simple are not necessarily inappropriate. Here is one: what exactly does past mean in the expression past participle? It certainly does not express that some eventuality is located in a temporal point prior to Speech Time, since past participles may be compatible with all ten ...
lab_parsing
... In the lectures we only discussed one formalism for describing grammars: Context Free Grammar (CFG). Dependency grammar is another formalism to achieve the same goal which developed at about the same time as CFG and has always been very popular in Computational Linguistics. The basic idea of Depende ...
... In the lectures we only discussed one formalism for describing grammars: Context Free Grammar (CFG). Dependency grammar is another formalism to achieve the same goal which developed at about the same time as CFG and has always been very popular in Computational Linguistics. The basic idea of Depende ...
To whom it may concern:
... Absolute phrase: are made of nouns or pronouns followed by a participle and any modifiers of the noun or pronoun (ie: his hair blowing). They phrases contain a subject (unlike participial phrases), and no predicate. They serve to modify an entire sentence. Appositive phrase: rename noun phrases and ...
... Absolute phrase: are made of nouns or pronouns followed by a participle and any modifiers of the noun or pronoun (ie: his hair blowing). They phrases contain a subject (unlike participial phrases), and no predicate. They serve to modify an entire sentence. Appositive phrase: rename noun phrases and ...
1. Words and morphemes
... A compound will inflect like its head: the head of oversee is see, so oversaw, overseen. So why in baseball we say that the batter flied out, not that he flew out? And why is it hard to figure out what the plural of walkman should be? 7. How does morphology fit into the grammar? ...
... A compound will inflect like its head: the head of oversee is see, so oversaw, overseen. So why in baseball we say that the batter flied out, not that he flew out? And why is it hard to figure out what the plural of walkman should be? 7. How does morphology fit into the grammar? ...
The syntax of preverbal ge- in Old English
... as verbal prefixes, so this seems like a reasonable result. How do we deal with the extreme dispreference for ge- with cuman? • Ramchand’s system allows for single verbal elements to simultaneously realize multiple head positions, subject to lexical restrictions. • We can thus propose that cuman is ...
... as verbal prefixes, so this seems like a reasonable result. How do we deal with the extreme dispreference for ge- with cuman? • Ramchand’s system allows for single verbal elements to simultaneously realize multiple head positions, subject to lexical restrictions. • We can thus propose that cuman is ...
Basic Syntactic Notions (Handout 1, BA seminar English Syntax
... larger groups of words (=constituents). Constituents combine with other constituents to form bigger constituents, until we have the largest possible constituent, a sentence. If constituents didn’t exist, we would have to assume that our brains create sentences by putting words of particular catego ...
... larger groups of words (=constituents). Constituents combine with other constituents to form bigger constituents, until we have the largest possible constituent, a sentence. If constituents didn’t exist, we would have to assume that our brains create sentences by putting words of particular catego ...
Bare nominals and incorporating verbs in Spanish and Catalan
... This paper presents an analysis of bare nominals unmarked for number (BNs) occurring in object position in Spanish and Catalan, on which the BN is a syntactic complement to the verb, but not a semantic argument. After describing the properties that distinguish BNs from other indefinite expressions ( ...
... This paper presents an analysis of bare nominals unmarked for number (BNs) occurring in object position in Spanish and Catalan, on which the BN is a syntactic complement to the verb, but not a semantic argument. After describing the properties that distinguish BNs from other indefinite expressions ( ...
Document
... cinéma has a different syntactic structure from à la bibliotèque. This is just about how it is pronounced. Au = à + le. Give = cause + go. ...
... cinéma has a different syntactic structure from à la bibliotèque. This is just about how it is pronounced. Au = à + le. Give = cause + go. ...
Making Virtue of Necessity: a Verb Lexicon
... A different source of verbs to extend our lexicon was VerbOcean11 . Work on textual entailment of the traditional kind, using logical forms, could be helped considerably if the algorithms doing the matching of assumptions and conclusions had access to relations of entailment and causation between ve ...
... A different source of verbs to extend our lexicon was VerbOcean11 . Work on textual entailment of the traditional kind, using logical forms, could be helped considerably if the algorithms doing the matching of assumptions and conclusions had access to relations of entailment and causation between ve ...
full text - Alexandre Rademaker
... A different source of verbs to extend our lexicon was VerbOcean11 . Work on textual entailment of the traditional kind, using logical forms, could be helped considerably if the algorithms doing the matching of assumptions and conclusions had access to relations of entailment and causation between ve ...
... A different source of verbs to extend our lexicon was VerbOcean11 . Work on textual entailment of the traditional kind, using logical forms, could be helped considerably if the algorithms doing the matching of assumptions and conclusions had access to relations of entailment and causation between ve ...
Direct Object Pronouns
... ► chercher – to look for – Je le cherche. ► regarder – to look at – Il regarde l’affiche. ► écouter – to listen to – Nous écoutons la radio. ...
... ► chercher – to look for – Je le cherche. ► regarder – to look at – Il regarde l’affiche. ► écouter – to listen to – Nous écoutons la radio. ...
Simple past and past progressive
... 2. The simple past may also be formed by using the past tense of to do + the stem of the verb. B. The simple past denotes an action, perception, or event which was true at a specific time in the past. 1. An action or event which occurred at a specific time. a. They left at 2:00 PM. b. The first worl ...
... 2. The simple past may also be formed by using the past tense of to do + the stem of the verb. B. The simple past denotes an action, perception, or event which was true at a specific time in the past. 1. An action or event which occurred at a specific time. a. They left at 2:00 PM. b. The first worl ...
Misplaced Modifiers, Direct and Indirect Objects, Prep
... • Find the prepositional phrases; decide whether they are adjective or adverb phrases. • William sat in the chair near the door. • Sat where? Adverb phrase • Which chair? Adjective phrase ...
... • Find the prepositional phrases; decide whether they are adjective or adverb phrases. • William sat in the chair near the door. • Sat where? Adverb phrase • Which chair? Adjective phrase ...
Tatian Corpus of Deviating Examples T
... by Masser (1994, cf. Picture 2) reflects these major characteristics and makes it possible to compare the source and target text. We are grateful to Prof. Masser (Innsbruck) as well as to Vandenhœck & Ruprecht publishing company (Göttingen, Germany) for allowing us to publish parts of the diplomatic ...
... by Masser (1994, cf. Picture 2) reflects these major characteristics and makes it possible to compare the source and target text. We are grateful to Prof. Masser (Innsbruck) as well as to Vandenhœck & Ruprecht publishing company (Göttingen, Germany) for allowing us to publish parts of the diplomatic ...
A multi-modular approach to gradual change in
... semantics in the analysis of their interaction. In Autolexical Grammar (Sadock 1991, Yuasa 2005) and similar multimodular theories such as Parallel Architecture (Jackendoff 2002, Culicover & Jackendoff 2005), grammatical phenomena are systematically sorted out into syntactic and semantic modules. Some ...
... semantics in the analysis of their interaction. In Autolexical Grammar (Sadock 1991, Yuasa 2005) and similar multimodular theories such as Parallel Architecture (Jackendoff 2002, Culicover & Jackendoff 2005), grammatical phenomena are systematically sorted out into syntactic and semantic modules. Some ...
What will we learn in this topic
... This kind of word-class change is sometimes called ‘functional conversion’ because the grammatical function of the word is changed without any alteration to its internal form. Many word class-shifts have been in the language for a long time and so have become normalised. So, for example, the use of ...
... This kind of word-class change is sometimes called ‘functional conversion’ because the grammatical function of the word is changed without any alteration to its internal form. Many word class-shifts have been in the language for a long time and so have become normalised. So, for example, the use of ...
Mt. SAC
... For example: From a dead stop, aggravated by the less than interesting conversation, Jim ran away from the group of mind numbing people. *Notice how much more difficult it is to identify the subject and verb of this sentence. ...
... For example: From a dead stop, aggravated by the less than interesting conversation, Jim ran away from the group of mind numbing people. *Notice how much more difficult it is to identify the subject and verb of this sentence. ...
Lexical semantics
Lexical semantics (also known as lexicosemantics), is a subfield of linguistic semantics. The units of analysis in lexical semantics are lexical units which include not only words but also sub-words or sub-units such as affixes and even compound words and phrases. Lexical units make up the catalogue of words in a language, the lexicon. Lexical semantics looks at how the meaning of the lexical units correlates with the structure of the language or syntax. This is referred to as syntax-semantic interface.The study of lexical semantics looks at: the classification and decomposition of lexical items the differences and similarities in lexical semantic structure cross-linguistically the relationship of lexical meaning to sentence meaning and syntax.Lexical units, also referred to as syntactic atoms, can stand alone such as in the case of root words or parts of compound words or they necessarily attach to other units such as prefixes and suffixes do. The former are called free morphemes and the latter bound morphemes. They fall into a narrow range of meanings (semantic fields) and can combine with each other to generate new meanings.