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Valence Creation and the German Applicative
Valence Creation and the German Applicative

... prepositional phrase. Brinkmann (1997: 84-5) points to several verb classes in which such alternations can be found, including verbs of active perception, verbs of speech, and verbs of emotional expression. Pairs exemplifying alternations in each class are, respectively, riechen an/beriechen 'sniff ...
word classes and part-of-speech tagging
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van Gelderen 2009
van Gelderen 2009

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Passive verb morphology: The effect of phonotactics on passive
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Slide 28
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Agreement Paper - rci.rutgers.edu
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... gender, but not in person (the Person Case Constraint). However, a unified account of these two similar patterns has rarely been attempted. In this article, I review how a single syntactic principle from Baker 2008—the Structural Condition on Person Agreement (SCOPA)—can explain both phenomena, in c ...
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... The preverbal position in an Estonian impersonal passive may remain empty, or be filled by various kinds of elements, including the underlying object (7c) or a locative/temporal adverbial (8c) – we will return to this in section 3. In contrast to personal passives (7b), the preverbal element in an i ...
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How to Speak and Write Correctly by Joseph Devlin, M.A.
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Reflexive - Hints for Translations
Reflexive - Hints for Translations

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... (Atlantic) and in Fula (Atlantic). These languages have paradigms of subject indexes expressing person/number and noun class distinctions attached to the verb. In Joola languages the subject indexes are an obligatory component of the verbal word (see Ex. (2) above), whereas in Fula they are in compl ...
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Grammar Essentials 3rd Edition
Grammar Essentials 3rd Edition

... and referred to in their exact, original form. Spoken ideas rely upon the sometimes inaccurate memories of other people. Writing is nothing more than carefully considered thoughts on paper. Many great ideas and observations are never born because their creators don’t express them. You may have some ...
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Serbo-Croatian grammar

Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language that has, like most other Slavic languages, an extensive system of inflection. This article describes exclusively the grammar of the Shtokavian dialect, which is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum and the basis for the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of Serbo-Croatian.Pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and some numerals decline (change the word ending to reflect case, i.e. grammatical category and function), whereas verbs conjugate for person and tense. As in all other Slavic languages, the basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO); however, due to the use of declension to show sentence structure, word order is not as important as in languages that tend toward analyticity such as English or Chinese. Deviations from the standard SVO order are stylistically marked and may be employed to convey a particular emphasis, mood or overall tone, according to the intentions of the speaker or writer. Often, such deviations will sound literary, poetical, or archaic.Nouns have three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, that correspond to a certain extent with the word ending, so that most nouns ending in -a are feminine, -o and -e neuter, and the rest mostly masculine with a small but important class of feminines. The grammatical gender of a noun affects the morphology of other parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns, and verbs) attached to it. Nouns are declined into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.Verbs are divided into two broad classes according to their aspect, which can be either perfective (signifying a completed action) or imperfective (action is incomplete or repetitive). There are seven tenses, four of which (present, perfect, future I and II) are used in contemporary Serbo-Croatian, and the other three (aorist, imperfect and plusquamperfect) used much less frequently—the plusquamperfect is generally limited to written language and some more educated speakers, whereas the aorist and imperfect are considered stylistically marked and rather archaic. However, some non-standard dialects make considerable (and thus unmarked) use of those tenses.All Serbo-Croatian lexemes in this article are spelled in accented form in Latin alphabet, as well as in both accents (Ijekavian and Ekavian, with Ijekavian bracketed) where these differ (see Serbo-Croatian phonology.)
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