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The Syntax of Valuation in Auxiliary–participle
The Syntax of Valuation in Auxiliary–participle

... Several issues arise. The first question is what those uninterpretable features on the PARTs are and why they are obligatory. Note that it is crucial that both PARTs bear uninterpretable features to guarantee that there is a dependency between AUX and each PART. If, for instance, the second PART was ...
University of Groningen Time reference decoupled from tense
University of Groningen Time reference decoupled from tense

... temporal relations by defining the boundaries (beginning, end point) of a situation, telling whether the event is completed or ongoing. It is the combination of tense, aspect, and context that specifies the time reference, as illustrated below. In Dutch, like in English, both simple verb forms (fini ...
NEW FIRST STEPS IN LATIN
NEW FIRST STEPS IN LATIN

... learning differences. They experienced great difficulty with the layout and presentation of their textbook, an inhouse reprint of Francis Ritchie’s Second Steps in Latin, which was first published in 1898 and issued in revised editions until 1978. The textbook’s age was not the problem. Ritchie’s venera ...
A Large-Scale Japanese CFG Derived from a Syntactically
A Large-Scale Japanese CFG Derived from a Syntactically

... Although this kind of error can be automatically corrected (or detected) in some methods [2, 3], not all of them can be corrected. They should be manually corrected at the end. Furthermore, Japanese has another problem that English does not have: there are potential errors in word segmentation since ...
Evolution of the Conception of Parts of Speech
Evolution of the Conception of Parts of Speech

... way, they sidestep this conundrum altogether and can devote their efforts to word categorization. ...
Context-Free Grammars for English
Context-Free Grammars for English

... single NP arg within the VP as an argument, and a single NP arg as the subject. ...
Workshop5. Logic in Language
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... The Method of testing Validity of Arguments An argument will have several premises and one conclusion. Testing the validity of an argument is done by constructing a Boolean expression for each premise. To this is added the Boolean expression for the inverse of the conclusion, ie the conclusion is ta ...
Western Dubuque Community School District Grade 3 Literacy Unit 1
Western Dubuque Community School District Grade 3 Literacy Unit 1

... •I know that explicit references are based on exactly what is written in literary text. •I can ask questions about literary text referring to specific details. •I can answer questions about a literary text using explicit references to support their answer. •I can find evidence within a literary text ...
Comic-Strip - Scholastic
Comic-Strip - Scholastic

... For generations, grammar has been a topic that has struck fear in the hearts of both students and teachers alike— not because it isn’t necessary or useful, but because it can get so tedious and dull. No longer! Comic-Strip Grammar treads where few books have gone before, daring to make grammar both ...
Question sentence 1
Question sentence 1

... above, the word order in Vietnamese question is similar to that of an affirmative sentence S-VO…? Because it is often said that there is no tense in Vietnamese sentences so making a question will be easier than in English, no auxilary verbs added. There is the combination of particle modalities such ...
written ambonese malay, 1895–1992
written ambonese malay, 1895–1992

... /e/ respectively. Although this is characteristic of other Low Malays as well, it could easily be a case of parallel development (being a very natural and common phonological process). Still, there are one or two features of AM that are apparently innovations of this dialect, and not candidates for ...
Contents - David Crystal
Contents - David Crystal

... which you use when the action is finished. Compare these sentences: present perfect: I have lived in Chicago for many years. (=1still live there now) simple past: I lived in Chicago for many years. (=now I live somewhere else) present perfect: jim has worked for us since 1992. (=he still works for u ...
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... Bethlehem, 1996). Furthermore, as can be seen from the examples (1) and (2), they often have identical patterns in different languages. The present study attempts to take advantage of the semantic and syntactic similarities of those two languages as far as their simile constructions are concerned in ...
Uncharacteristic Characteristics of the Iquito Adjective Class
Uncharacteristic Characteristics of the Iquito Adjective Class

... 2. The treatment of adjectives in the typological literature Much of the typological literature on adjectives focuses on the difficulty of defining an adjective class distinct from noun and verb classes, since adjectives frequently share characteristics with the language’s noun class or verb class, ...
Generating a type of pun
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... Humour research also brings up the interesting question of how sophisticated a computer system needs to be in order to produce even the simplestjoke. Levison and Lessard point out that linguistic humour is an "ideal testing ground for the points of contact between cognitive and linguistic knowledge" ...
Kara Passmore Linguistics Senior Thesis POSSESSIVE-ING and ACCUSATIVE-ING Constructions in English
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... (It) and (lg) at first glance appear to contain gerunds, as the boldfuced surface string of each is identical to that of (1 d), John re-taking the test. Nevertheless, the distnoution of the construction in both (I f), or Perception Verb Complement ING, and (I g), or Nonconstituent NP-ING, resembles ...
západočeská univerzita v plzni - DSpace at University of West
západočeská univerzita v plzni - DSpace at University of West

... pidgin that has acquired native speakers, usually, the descendants of pidgin speakers.” Creoles have more extensive vocabulary and more complicated grammar than pidgins (p. 156). These are a combination of a given European language with the grammatical and pronunciation patterns of African languages ...
COMPASS Test Review Packet
COMPASS Test Review Packet

... I thought it was difficult to ascend the mountain, but I discovered that climbing down it was even worse. 1. climb up 2. walk around 3. climb down Exercise 10: The teacher commended two students on the outstanding work they were doing. Then he criticized the rest of the class for doing so poorly. 1. ...
lin3021_lecture10
lin3021_lecture10

...  Quickly is a property of the event (as are the thematic roles)  The thematic roles are relations between the event and individuals.  We get the right entailments:  Brutus ate the toast quickly (drop with a knife)  Brutus ate the toast with a knife (drop quickly)  Brutus ate the toast (drop bo ...
Parsing algorithms, sentence complexity
Parsing algorithms, sentence complexity

... • Correct prediction of integration costs: subject-extractions are processed faster than object-extractions • Correct prediction of storage costs: unembedded RCs are processed faster than embedded RCs • Incorrect prediction of storage costs: subject-modifiers are processed faster than object-modi ...
General Number and the Semantics and Pragmatics of Indefinite
General Number and the Semantics and Pragmatics of Indefinite

... full DPs. The second half of the paper is devoted to answering this question. One way in which indefinite bare nouns differ from indefinite full DPs is in their scope, a well-known issue since Carlson’s groundbreaking work on English bare plurals. We will review the scope facts for Mandarin Chinese ...
Grace Theological Journal 6
Grace Theological Journal 6

... In order to come to any sound conclusions, it was necessary to be as exhaustive in the inductive process as possible. By means of the grammars, thesaurus, concordance, and lexicon, I discovered more than fifty verbs which take object-complements23 and more than three hundred object-complement constr ...
The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas
The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas

... languages, as far back as the very earliest attested, operate just like those to which the linguist has more immediate access, all with the same familiar elements – phonological, morphological, syntactic – and no perceptible vestiges of Neanderthal oddities. If there was a time when human language w ...
the semantics and exegetical significance of the object
the semantics and exegetical significance of the object

... In order to come to any sound conclusions, it was necessary to be as exhaustive in the inductive process as possible. By means of the grammars, thesaurus, concordance, and lexicon, I discovered more than fifty verbs which take object-complements23 and more than three hundred object-complement constr ...
Unit 4 - Writers Stylus
Unit 4 - Writers Stylus

... NOT YET t ...
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Spanish grammar

Spanish grammar is the grammar of the Spanish language (español, castellano), which is a Romance language that originated in north central Spain and is spoken today throughout Spain, some twenty countries in the Americas, and Equatorial Guinea.Spanish is an inflected language. The verbs are potentially marked for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number (resulting in some fifty conjugated forms per verb). The nouns form a two-gender system and are marked for number. Pronouns can be inflected for person, number, gender (including a residual neuter), and case, although the Spanish pronominal system represents a simplification of the ancestral Latin system.Spanish was the first of the European vernaculars to have a grammar treatise, Gramática de la lengua castellana, written in 1492 by the Andalusian linguist Antonio de Nebrija and presented to Isabella of Castile at Salamanca.The Real Academia Española (RAE) traditionally dictates the normative rules of the Spanish language, as well as its orthography.Formal differences between Peninsular and American Spanish are remarkably few, and someone who has learned the dialect of one area will have no difficulties using reasonably formal speech in the other; however, pronunciation does vary, as well as grammar and vocabulary.Recently published comprehensive Spanish reference grammars in English include DeBruyne (1996), Butt & Benjamin (2004), and Batchelor & San José (2010).
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