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... GRAMMAR POINT ...
Lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
Lemma - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics

... • those wordforms that • have identical orthographic lettering, i.e. the identical strings of letters (regardless of their phonetic forms) • meanings of which are (substantially) different and cannot be connected e.g.: pen ~ writing instrument ...
Automatic determination of parts of speech of English words
Automatic determination of parts of speech of English words

... by either dictionary, but which may also contain one more or, rarely, two more parts of speech. Since use of inclusive part of speech becomes necessary in Task 3, its justification will be considered when Task 3 is discussed.) Similarly, words ending in ed which are not marked OT but are marked eith ...
Modal Auxiliary Verbs - KSU Faculty Member websites
Modal Auxiliary Verbs - KSU Faculty Member websites

... It is clearly reasonable then to argue that will and shall are contextually determined formal variants which realize a common core sense. ...
Test 1 (19) Writing Answ
Test 1 (19) Writing Answ

... adverb “surprisingly” would then appropriately modify the adjective “bad.” ...
Cognitive Primitives of Collective Intentions
Cognitive Primitives of Collective Intentions

... There are two Nash equilibria in this game: (stag, stag) and (rabbit, rabbit). The equilibrium (rabbit, rabbit) has the property of ‘risk dominance’ (Harsanyi and Selten 1988): it is the safer strategy because, regardless of the other player’s action, the rabbit-hunter will never go hungry. Note, ho ...
Typology and Universals
Typology and Universals

... common ancestor or through language contact, recent or ancient. In fact, many linguists believe that all modern languages may be descended from a single common ancestor, even if the time depth and amount of change from that time means we can never construct a complete language family tree with a hig ...
“The Use of the Gerund in the English Language and ways of its
“The Use of the Gerund in the English Language and ways of its

... There is no gerund in the Ukrainian language and the English gerund is rendered into Ukrainian in different ways: by a noun, by an infinitive, by a verbal adverb and by a subordinate clause. a) by a noun. Dancing had not begun yet. - Танці ще не почалися. b) by an infinitive. She had tea with Cipria ...
The Verb aNd Verbals iN eNGlish
The Verb aNd Verbals iN eNGlish

... Modal verbs are also used as substitutes for the compound verbal predicate in short answers: Who can speak Spanish here? – I can. and question indicators: May I come in? Shall I open the window? Modal verbs are not employed to form the morphological categories of the verb, such as person, number, t ...
CertTEFL Specification
CertTEFL Specification

... centres responsibility to determine the appropriate course duration based on their candidates’ skills, ability and level of existing knowledge. In addition to the GLHs, candidates are also expected to complete an appropriate amount of self directed study. This self directed study may include backgro ...
expressing attitudes in academic research
expressing attitudes in academic research

... knowledge, processing problems, and reaction to the text." This is, of course, from the perspective of an academic text producer. On the other hand, and at the same time, the recipients of an academic text, its readers, are those who are trying "to predict lines of thought, interrogate authors on th ...
Here`s the Idea
Here`s the Idea

... My brothers and I/me had a great time at the movies. Split it up: 1. My brothers had a great time at the movies. 2. 2. I/Me had a great time at the movies. Me had a great time at the movies. I had a great time at the movies, so… My brothers and I had a great time at the movies. Remember: When you’re ...
in PDF - European researcher
in PDF - European researcher

... in English nouns naming living creatures, referring to their occupation or activities, e.g. student, teacher, friend, writer, etc. Such nouns are usually translated into Slovak by means of generic masculine as študent m., učiteľ m., priateľ/kamarát m., pisateľ/spisovateľ m. Duality is also expressed ...
2005 - Dr. Lukas Pietsch
2005 - Dr. Lukas Pietsch

... In other dialects such as Yorkshire and Lancashire English, similar forms with adverbs like often, never, always are fairly common, but it has been argued (Shorrocks 1999: 112, 116–117) that this usage is governed not so much by the syntactic environment but by the temporal semantics of the adverb, ...
Language Acquisition
Language Acquisition

... are not complete until nine months, and they continue to grow their speed-inducing myelin insulation throughout childhood. Synapses continue to develop, peaking in number between nine months and two years (depending on the brain region), at which point the child has 50% more synapses than the adult. ...
Main Clauses and How to Connect them
Main Clauses and How to Connect them

... John and Sarah love my dog. (two subjects) My dog adores and jumps on John and Sarah. (two verbs) A sentence with a single independent clause can also have a lot of phrases that modify parts of the independent clause. For example: After dinner, I will study for the math test coming up right before S ...
Linguistic Ambiguity in Language-based Jokes
Linguistic Ambiguity in Language-based Jokes

... But perhaps the most distinguishing characteristic in verbal jokes is that they “very often depend for their existence on linguistic ambiguity” (Lew 1996, p. 127; Oaks 1994). In other words, they depend on the features of the natural language in question for the joke to even exist! Ritchie points ou ...
Romacilikanes— The Romani dialect of
Romacilikanes— The Romani dialect of

... who describes both a Vlax and a non-Vlax variety. Subsequent work on Balkan Romani during the twentieth century has focused first on the dialects of Bulgaria, then on Vlax dialects in Albania and Bosnia, and only later on Macedonia. The first thorough description of a Romani dialect from Greece was Ig ...
Using the Simple and Complex Directional Complements in
Using the Simple and Complex Directional Complements in

... certain that my personal translations accurately conveyed the complements' meanings. By the end of the semester, I had hammered out what I felt was a basic understanding of the complement, enough that I was able to explain it to other classmates and feel confident that I was not leading them astray ...
Language Acquisition
Language Acquisition

... before they can talk (Chapter X). Cognitive psychology has shown that people think not just in words but in images (see Chapter X) and abstract logical propositions (see the chapter by Larson). And linguistics has shown that human languages are too ambiguous and schematic to use as a medium of inter ...
Английская грамматика: базовый теоретический курс
Английская грамматика: базовый теоретический курс

... Language is a means of human communication. Language is also the most basic and marvellously complex instrument of culture. Try to imagine the world without language. In fact, you cannot do so, because language is perhaps the most ancient heritage of the human race. Language exists only when it is l ...
Language Acquisition - Electronics and Computer Science
Language Acquisition - Electronics and Computer Science

... (see the chapter by Larson). And linguistics has shown that human languages are too ambiguous and schematic to use as a medium of internal computation: when people think about "spring," surely they are not confused as to whether they are thinking about a season or something that goes "boing" -- and ...
Chapter 4 Extragrammatical expression of
Chapter 4 Extragrammatical expression of

... other categories (especially crucial is the boundary with epistemic modality, cf. Chapter 8), Aikhenvald (2003a: 18–20; 2004) prototypically applies the notion of evidentiality strategy to those grammatical phenomena that, even though belonging to modality, mood and other grammatical categories, do ...
Particle verbs and benefactive double objects in English: high and
Particle verbs and benefactive double objects in English: high and

... of a small clause predicate that selects the direct object, then both should show differences in their selectional restrictions as well as difference in meaning between the plain verb and the ditransitive or particle verb. Since only the particle verb shows such differences, the particle must combin ...
I find the book worth reading.
I find the book worth reading.

... the category of primary time is the only verbal category of primary time is only the category of immanent order which is expressed by inflexional forms. These inflexion forms of the past and present coexist in the same verb+entry to speech with the other, analytical models of various categorical ex ...
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Pipil grammar

This article provides a grammar sketch of the Nawat or Pipil language, an endangered language spoken by the Pipils of western El Salvador, belonging to the Nahua group within the Uto-Aztecan language family. There also exists a brief typological overview of the language that summarizes the language's most salient features of general typological interest in more technical terms.
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